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Vai

Plain-English information about vai conditions, operations, and recovery.

How your vai works

How your shoulder works Shoulder anatomy overview – bones (clavicle, scapula, humerus) and how they enable wide range of motion. Open →

Conditions

Bất ổn định khớp vai Shoulder instability — understanding the feeling of looseness, causes, and treatment options. Open → Bệnh lý SLAP và gân cơ nhị đầu Superior labral (SLAP) tears and disorders of the long head of biceps — assessment and treatment. Open → Bệnh lý thần kinh dưới gai Open → Chèn ép dưới mỏm cùng vai và viêm bao hoạt dịch Subacromial impingement — causes of shoulder pain with overhead activity, diagnosis, and treatment options. Open → Chấn thương khớp quạ đòn (Tách khớp vai) A shoulder separation from a fall on the point of the shoulder — grading, the bump that may remain, and when surgery is needed. Open → Giàn sinh học EnFix Open → Gãy xương cánh tay gần Proximal humerus fractures — Neer classification, sling management, and surgical options. Open → Gãy xương đòn Clavicle fractures — when conservative management is fine and when fixation is indicated. Open → Hội chứng outlet ngực Compression of the nerves and vessels at the base of the neck — the types, why diagnosis is tricky, and physio-first treatment. Open → Khớp vai kêu lục cục, bật tiếng và mất vững Why a shoulder clicks, pops or feels like it slips — from harmless noises to labral tears and instability — what it means, and when it needs attention. Open → Loãng xương mỏ xương đòn Open → Os Acromiale Patient-facing topic on os acromiale — failed fusion of an acromial ossification centre that may cause shoulder pain and contribute to subacromial impingement. Open → Rối loạn khớp ức đòn Problems where the collarbone meets the breastbone — arthritis, instability and the rare but serious posterior dislocation — and how each is managed. Open → Rối loạn Màng Khớp Xoay Rotator cuff disorders: common causes of shoulder pain, ranging from mild ache to debilitating injury. Open → Thoái hóa khớp do rách vòng xoay Rotator cuff arthropathy: shoulder arthritis following a long-standing, massive rotator cuff tear and its impact on function. Open → Vai đông cứng Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) causes pain and stiffness, progressing through freezing, frozen, and thawing phases. Open → Viêm gân cơ nhị đầu và đứt gân đầu dài Front-of-shoulder biceps tendon pain and the "Popeye" long-head rupture — and why the rupture usually needs no surgery. Open → Viêm gân vôi hóa Calcific tendinitis causes shoulder pain from calcium deposits; treatment ranges from observation to washing out the calcium. Open → Viêm khớp vai Shoulder arthritis causes pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion — diagnosis and treatment options explored. Open → Viêm xương khớp khớp cùng đòn AC joint osteoarthritis causes localized shoulder pain with cross-body movements; treatment ranges from activity modification to surgery. Open → Vỡ cơ ngực lớn A chest-muscle tear, classically during a heavy bench press — how to recognise it and why complete tears are usually repaired early. Open →

Operations

Cắt bỏ mỏm xương đòn xa (Thủ thuật Mumford) A Mumford procedure (distal clavicle excision) removes the small worn outer tip of the collarbone to ease shoulder pain at the AC joint. What the keyhole operation involves and what recovery looks like. Open → Cố định gân cơ nhị đầu Biceps tenodesis and tenotomy — when, where (suprapectoral vs subpectoral) and what to expect afterwards. Open → Cố định khớp AC Surgical reconstruction for high-grade AC joint dislocation (Rockwood III-VI). Open → Cố định khớp vai trước Arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability — distinct from open Latarjet. Open → Cố định xương đòn Clavicle fixation (ORIF) — restoring alignment and stability for displaced clavicle fractures. Open → Giải nén dây thần kinh trên gai Open → Giải phóng bao khớp Arthroscopic capsular release frees a stiff shoulder (frozen shoulder) when physiotherapy and injections fail. Open → Giải phóng chỏm vai Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for impingement and bursitis — operation and recovery. Open → Nẹp và đinh cố định gãy xương cánh tay trên Open → Nội soi khớp vai What shoulder arthroscopy is, what it's used for, and how to prepare and recover. Open → Phẫu thuật sửa chữa chóp xoay Rotator cuff repair reattaches torn tendons to bone, improving pain and function when conservative treatment fails. Open → Phẫu thuật sửa chữa lại gân quay Open → Phẫu thuật thay khớp vai cho gãy xương cánh tay trên cấp Open → Phẫu thuật thay khớp vai ngược Reverse shoulder replacement for severe rotator cuff tears and arthritis—when a traditional replacement isn’t ideal. Open → Quản lý Nội soi Toàn diện (CAM) The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) procedure — a joint-preserving arthroscopic alternative to arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis, combining debridement, capsular release, osteophyte excision, microfracture, loose-body removal and axillary nerve neurolysis. Open → Thay khớp vai chỉnh sửa Revision shoulder replacement — addressing failure of prior shoulder replacements with a reverse design. Open → Thay khớp vai toàn phần Total shoulder replacement for severe arthritis — stemless options if rotator cuff is intact. Open → Thủ thuật Latarjet Latarjet procedure — bone block transfer for recurrent shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. Open →

Recovery and rehabilitation

Bay máy bay và du lịch sau phẫu thuật Clot risk, cast tightness at altitude, fitness to fly and the practicalities of travelling after upper-limb surgery. Open → Chuẩn bị cho Phẫu thuật General checklist for the days before upper-limb surgery — fasting, what to bring, medications. Open → Chăm sóc nẹp và bột bó tại nhà Looking after a plaster or splint at home — keeping it dry, elevation, keeping joints moving, and the urgent signs of a too-tight cast. Open → Chăm sóc vết sẹo của bạn Massage, silicone, sun protection and the 12-month timeline for surgical scars to soften and fade. Open → Chăm sóc vết thương của bạn Dressings, showering, and signs of infection after upper-limb surgery. Open → Cuộc sống hàng ngày sau phẫu thuật tay, cổ tay hoặc khuỷu tay Keeping a hand or wrist dressing dry, elevation to control swelling, and one-handed living after hand, wrist or elbow surgery. Open → Cuộc sống hàng ngày sau phẫu thuật vai Washing, dressing, sleeping and managing day-to-day with the operated arm in a sling after shoulder surgery. Open → Cơ bản về trị liệu tay What to expect from hand therapy, how often you'll go, and what good rehab looks like. Open → Giấc ngủ, Đau đớn và Phục hồi How sleep and pain affect each other, why surgery and shoulder problems disturb sleep, and what helps you rest and recover. Open → Khối thần kinh vai của bạn The nerve block we use for shoulder surgery — how it numbs your arm, why it controls pain so well, and what to expect as it wears off. Open → Kiểm tra vết thương và tháo chỉ của bạn What happens at the post-op wound check, dissolvable vs removable stitches, what removal feels like, and when to seek help sooner. Open → Lái xe sau phẫu thuật vai và cánh tay: Khi nào là an toàn và hợp pháp? After most shoulder surgery, including rotator cuff repair, you usually cannot drive for about six weeks, and not while your arm is in a sling. When it is safe and legal to get back to the wheel after hand, wrist, elbow or shoulder surgery. Open → Ngày phẫu thuật của bạn What to expect on the day of day-case upper-limb surgery, from arrival and meeting the team to waking up and going home. Open → Ngăn ngừa cục máu đông tại nhà Reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis after upper-limb surgery — mobilisation, hydration, medication. Open → Nhiệt so với Lạnh When ice helps, when heat helps, and how to use either safely on the upper limb. Open → Nhịn ăn trước phẫu thuật: Bạn có thể ăn và uống gì, và lý do Why you must stop eating before an anaesthetic, when you can still sip water, and what can happen if you do not fast. The clear fasting rules that keep your stomach empty and your lungs safe during surgery. Open → Quay trở lại thể thao Phased return to sport after upper-limb surgery, and when contact sport is safe again. Open → Quản lý đau đớn sau phẫu thuật What pain to expect, how to use pain relief well, and when to call. Open → Sưng và nâng cao sau phẫu thuật Why a hand or arm swells after surgery, how elevation and gentle movement control it, and when swelling is a warning sign. Open → Thuốc Làm Mỏng Máu Trước Phẫu Thuật How anticoagulants and antiplatelets work, and why the timing of stopping each before surgery differs — platelet turnover, half-lives and clot risk. Open → Trở lại làm việc When you can return to desk, light, and heavy work after upper-limb surgery. Open → Táo bón và chăm sóc đường ruột sau phẫu thuật Why constipation is common after surgery (especially with strong painkillers) and how to prevent and manage it. Open → Tâm trí, Căng thẳng và Phục hồi How stress, low mood, anxiety and worry about pain affect recovery and surgical outcomes — and what helps. Open → Vết thương của tôi có bị nhiễm trùng không? How to tell normal healing from a wound infection after surgery — the warning signs and when to seek help. Open → Ăn uống lành mạnh để hỗ trợ quá trình hồi phục Everyday food to support recovery after surgery — protein, energy, healing vitamins, and preventing constipation. Open → Đeo và Ngủ với Nạng Tay How to sleep in an arm sling, get the sling position right, and look after it after shoulder, elbow or wrist surgery, including whether to keep the sling on overnight. Open →

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