Skip to content

Patients › Foot

Fusión subtalar

PDF

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

¿Por qué se ha recomendado esta operación?

El Dr. Kieran Hirpara, cirujano ortopédico especializado en pie y tobillo en el Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton, recomienda la fusión subtalar cuando la propia articulación es la causa de su dolor. La articulación subtalar se encuentra debajo del tobillo y permite que el pie se incline y gire sobre terrenos irregulares. La fusión, también denominada artrodesis, consiste en unir los huesos de dicha articulación para que dejen de rozarse entre sí. Una vez que los huesos se fusionan en una sola pieza sólida, el movimiento doloroso desaparece.

Por lo general, los pacientes son derivados a nuestra clínica por su médico de cabecera; si un fisioterapeuta le ha sugerido que nos visite, igualmente necesitará una derivación de su médico de cabecera para poder acceder al reembolso de Medicare. En su consulta, tomamos su historia clínica, examinamos su pie y, si es necesario, solicitamos estudios de imagen para confirmar el diagnóstico.

Por lo general, recomendamos esta operación en casos de artritis crónica tras una fractura del talón, en casos de pie plano doloroso causado por una articulación que no se formó correctamente, o cuando el talón se ha consolidado en una posición anómala. Dado que se trata a menudo de un problema de larga duración, iniciamos el tratamiento con medidas no quirúrgicas: modificaciones en las actividades, fisioterapia, uso de férulas o ortesis; solo consideramos la cirugía cuando estas medidas no logran la mejora esperada. El objetivo es obtener un pie estable y sin dolor, para que pueda volver a caminar y mantenerse de pie cómodamente.

Antes de la operación

Para planificar su operación, realizamos estudios de imagen de su pie. Estos pueden incluir radiografías con carga de peso, en las que usted permanece de pie mientras se toman las imágenes; a veces también una tomografía computarizada, que muestra los huesos con gran detalle, o una resonancia magnética, que permite visualizar los tejidos blandos como tendones y ligamentos. Nuestro equipo le dará instrucciones sobre el ayuno: no debe ingerir alimentos durante siete horas antes de la cirugía. Pedimos siete horas en lugar de seis para poder adelantar su operación si el programa quirúrgico lo permite. No deje de tomar ningún medicamento a menos que se lo indiquemos; traiga una lista por escrito de todos los fármacos que toma, incluidas las pastillas y los remedios naturales. Use ropa holgada y cómoda, y organice que alguien lo lleve a casa, ya que no podrá conducir por sí mismo. Si padece otras enfermedades, es posible que necesite análisis de sangre o una consulta con el anestesista, el médico encargado de administrarle la anestesia.

El día de la intervención

Llega usted a la unidad de admisiones quirúrgicas del hospital, donde se le registrará y preparará para el quirófano. Conocerá al anestesista, el médico encargado de administrarle la anestesia. Esta operación se realiza bajo anestesia general. En ocasiones, se añade un bloqueo nervioso regional para aliviar el dolor postoperatorio; el anestesista hablará con usted al respecto ese mismo día. A continuación, será llevado al quirófano, donde se llevará a cabo la intervención.

Despertará en la sala de recuperación, donde las enfermeras lo vigilarán mientras la anestesia va desapareciendo. Una vez que su estado sea estable, será trasladado a una sala de hospitalización o podrá volver a casa, dependiendo de la intervención y de cómo evolucione su recuperación. Algunas fusiones subtalares se realizan como cirugía ambulatoria, por lo que es posible que no necesite pasar la noche en el hospital. Nuestro equipo le informará sobre qué esperar durante su operación.

¿En qué consiste la operación?

La fusión subtalar consiste en unir los huesos de la articulación subtalar para que cicatricen formando una sola pieza sólida. Para ello, el cirujano elimina el cartílago liso restante de las superficies articulares, así como el tejido desgastado que ha estado causando dolor. Posteriormente, los huesos se mantienen unidos mediante tornillos mientras cicatrizan. En ocasiones, se coloca un injerto óseo —material óseo adicional que favorece la unión de ambas superficies— entre ellos.

Existen varias formas de acceder a la articulación. Algunas intervenciones requieren una sola incisión en la parte externa del pie; otras emplean cirugía mínimamente invasiva, en la que el cirujano opera a través de dos o tres pequeñas incisiones en lugar de una sola abertura grande. La elección del método depende de la anatomía de su pie, de los resultados de las pruebas de imagen y de si la articulación puede colocarse en una posición adecuada. Si la articulación del tobillo también está deteriorada, la operación puede ampliarse para unir el tobillo y el hueso del talón, utilizando una barra que se extiende desde el tobillo hasta el talón.

Su cirujano le explicará qué enfoque es el más adecuado para usted antes de que firme el formulario de consentimiento.

Después de la operación

Despertará en la sala de recuperación, donde las enfermeras lo vigilarán de cerca mientras el efecto de la anestesia desaparece. Su pie estará cubierto con vendajes, y le administraremos analgésicos para que se sienta cómodo. Antes de que se levante, una enfermera revisará su herida, la circulación sanguínea y cómo se siente. La mayoría de los pacientes da unos pasos con andador o muletas ese mismo día, con la ayuda de nuestro equipo. Dado que la anestesia puede causar somnolencia e inestabilidad, por favor asegúrese de que alguien permanezca con usted durante las primeras 24 horas. Su equipo le informará si podrá irse a casa ese mismo día o si deberá quedarse una noche en el hospital. Dejamos el vendaje puesto durante unos 10 días; no lo retire antes de ese plazo, a menos que se lo indiquemos. Lo cambiaremos o lo retiraremos cuando vengamos a verlo.

Recuperación

Durante los primeros días y semanas, su pie estará adolorido e hinchado. Esto es normal. El descanso, mantener el pie elevado y los analgésicos que le proporcionamos ayudarán a aliviar la molestia. La hinchazón suele disminuir gradualmente, y el dolor se atenúa a medida que los huesos comienzan a unirse.

Al principio, no podrá apoyar todo su peso en el pie. Usará muletas o un andador para desplazarse, y el pie quedará protegido mediante un yeso o una bota mientras los huesos sanan. Su fisioterapeuta le guiará en ejercicios sencillos para mantener fuerte el resto de la pierna y favorecer la circulación. Podrá moverse por la casa, preparar comidas y subir escaleras con cuidado; sin embargo, al inicio necesitará ayuda para ciertas tareas diarias. Dormir con el pie elevado sobre almohadas reduce la hinchazón y hace que las noches sean más cómodas.

El primer gran hito es cuando acuda a la consulta y veamos que sus heridas han cicatrizado. A medida que la curación avanza, pasará de usar muletas a caminar apoyándose primero en ellas y luego sin apoyo alguno. Una vez que los huesos se hayan unido formando una sola pieza sólida y su cirujano considere que la curación es satisfactoria, podrá aumentar gradualmente su actividad. Caminar distancias mayores, volver al trabajo y retomar la práctica deportiva se logran en etapas, a medida que recupera fuerza y confianza.

La recuperación varía de una persona a otra. Su cronograma personal puede diferir; su cirujano y fisioterapeuta le guiarán en cada paso del proceso.

Qué puede salir mal

La mayoría de los pacientes evolucionan bien, pero en ocasiones pueden surgir problemas. Su cirujano y el equipo lo vigilarán de cerca para detectar cualquier anomalía a tiempo.

La preocupación más común tras esta operación es la herida quirúrgica. Esté atento a cualquier enrojecimiento que se extienda desde la incisión, a la presencia de líquido o pus, o a una piel que se sienta caliente y tenga un aspecto inflamado. Un dolor profundo y palpitante que no ceda con analgésicos comunes también es un signo de alerta. Si nota alguno de estos síntomas, llame a la clínica de inmediato en lugar de esperar a su próxima cita.

En algunos casos, los huesos no se unen como estaba previsto; esto se conoce como no unión ósea. Puede notar un sonido de fricción o chasquido en el pie, o un dolor que persiste meses después de la cirugía en lugar de desaparecer. Comente esto en su cita de seguimiento para que podamos realizar estudios de imagen y decidir los pasos a seguir.

Si la operación incluyó la unión del tobillo con el hueso del talón, la varilla o los tornillos metálicos pueden, en ocasiones, provocar irritación o una fractura en el hueso circundante. Esto suele manifestarse como un dolor nuevo, un cambio en la sensación del pie al pisar, o un chasquido repentino seguido de dificultad para cargar peso sobre la pierna. En tal caso, comuníquese con la clínica sin demora.

En ciertas formas de pie y en pacientes con lesiones previas, la piel y los tejidos blandos alrededor del talón pueden ser frágiles. El cirujano elige el abordaje quirúrgico, es decir, el lugar de las incisiones, teniendo esto en cuenta para favorecer una cicatrización óptima. Si durante las primeras semanas tiene dudas sobre el aspecto de su herida, queremos que nos lo comunique.

En un número reducido de casos complejos, especialmente cuando el pie presenta una deformidad grave o una mala cicatrización, podría ser necesaria una cirugía adicional para resolver el problema. Si esto aplica a su caso, su cirujano se lo explicará con antelación.

En la tabla de complicaciones de esta página se detallan las tasas habituales; puede consultarla si desea información específica.

¿Cuándo deben llamarnos?

La mayoría de los problemas aparecen en las primeras semanas, y un tratamiento temprano facilita su solución. Llámenos si le sube la fiebre, si el enrojecimiento alrededor de la herida se extiende o si de ella sale líquido o pus. Llámenos si experimenta un dolor intenso y repentino que los analgésicos comunes no alivian. Acuda a urgencias si presenta hinchazón o dolor en la pantorrilla, o dificultad para respirar, pues pueden ser señales de un coágulo sanguíneo. Acuda a urgencias si su pie se entumece, se enfría o no puede mover los dedos. Cuando tenga dudas, llame a la clínica. Preferimos que nos cuente sobre una preocupación menor antes de que se convierta en un problema grave.


Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.