Skip to content

Patients › Rehabilitation

Reemplazo de la articulación de la base del pulgar (Touch)

Un plan de recuperación por etapas tras un reemplazo articular total de doble movilidad en la base del pulgar afectada por artritis (el implante Touch): en un primer momento se protege la nueva articulación mediante una férula para el pulgar; posteriormente se restaura la oposición y el movimiento; y finalmente se desarrolla la fuerza de pinza y de agarre.

Una ilustración dibujada a mano de la articulación de la base del pulgar, reemplazada por un pequeño implante de doble movilidad.
Reemplazo de la articulación de la base del pulgar: un implante de doble movilidad reepiteliza la articulación trapeciometacarpiana desgastada. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

Este protocolo le servirá de guía para su recuperación tras un reemplazo de la articulación de la base del pulgar (un reemplazo articular total de doble movilidad, el implante Touch) por artritis en dicha zona, bajo la supervisión del Dr. Kieran Hirpara en el Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Comienza con un programa de ejercicios para realizar en casa, seguido del protocolo clínico estructurado destinado a su terapeuta de mano; lleve esta página o su versión en PDF a su primera sesión de terapia para garantizar que la rehabilitación se lleve a cabo de manera coordinada. Su terapeuta de mano podrá modificar el plan según el progreso de su recuperación. Toda su recuperación se realizará bajo la supervisión de terapia de mano especializada.

Si tiene alguna duda o inquietud respecto a la herida quirúrgica, no dude en contactar con el consultorio. A menudo resulta útil tomar una fotografía de la herida y enviarla por correo electrónico para su evaluación.

Qué esperar

La articulación situada en la base del pulgar (la articulación trapecio-metacarpiana o CMC) es el punto donde el pulgar se une a la muñeca; es una zona muy propensa a desarrollar artritis. En esta intervención, se eliminan las superficies articulares desgastadas y se sustituyen por una pequeña articulación artificial: un implante de doble movilidad, una diminuta estructura esférica con una superficie adicional que garantiza estabilidad y un movimiento fluido. Se conserva el hueso trapecio y la longitud del pulgar, por lo que la recuperación suele ser más rápida que en la trapeziectomía (el procedimiento anterior, que implica la extirpación del hueso y la formación de tejido cicatricial durante varios meses).

Un implante correctamente colocado es estable y puede soportar cargas de inmediato; por ello, el pulgar solo necesita protección durante un breve periodo, en lugar de permanecer inmovilizado durante semanas. El objetivo es permitir que los tejidos blandos se asienten, para luego recuperar rápidamente la capacidad de oponer el pulgar (tocar los demás dedos) y moverlo, y posteriormente ganar fuerza.

La recuperación se divide en tres fases:

  • Primero, protección (aproximadamente las primeras 2–3 semanas). Durante la primera semana se coloca un vendaje grueso y blando; después se utiliza una férula para el pulgar para mantener la nueva articulación en reposo mientras cicatrizan la herida y los tejidos blandos. Se permite mover los dedos, la muñeca y el resto de la mano.
  • Luego, movilización (desde aproximadamente la semana 2–3 hasta la semana 6). Una vez retirada la férula diurna, se inician movimientos activos suaves (oposición del pulgar, levantamiento del mismo, apertura del espacio interdigital y movimientos circulares), además de realizar tareas cotidianas ligeras con la mano.
  • Finalmente, fortalecimiento (a partir de la semana 6). Una vez que el implante se ha integrado al hueso, se comienza a fortalecer la capacidad de pinzar y agarrar, aumentando progresivamente la intensidad del ejercicio. La fuerza seguirá mejorando durante los siguientes 6 a 12 meses.

Lo más importante a tener en cuenta al inicio es que la nueva articulación podría dislocarse si se fuerza a adoptar posiciones extremas antes de que los tejidos circundantes hayan sanado. Este tipo de incidentes son poco frecuentes; por ello, el plan inicial consiste simplemente en evitar forzar el pulgar mientras se produce su estabilización.

Precauciones y limitaciones

  • Use su férula para el pulgar según las indicaciones (una férula diurna durante las primeras 2–3 semanas, y luego una férula nocturna hasta la semana 6); mantenga la férula puesta como protección hasta que su terapeuta de mano le autorice a quitársela.
  • NO fuerce el pulgar a adoptar posiciones extremas, y evite movimientos bruscos o agarres incómodos durante las primeras semanas; la nueva articulación podría dislocarse si se somete a un estrés excesivo antes de estabilizarse. Limítese a movimientos dentro de lo que resulte cómodo.
  • NO realice movimientos de pellizco fuerte, agarre, torsión (como abrir tapas de frascos, usar llaves o grifos) ni levantamiento de pesos hasta aproximadamente la semana 6; el fortalecimiento muscular solo comenzará cuando su terapeuta de mano lo indique.
  • Desde el inicio, mantenga en movimiento los dedos, la muñeca y el resto de la mano; además, eleve la mano al principio para reducir la hinchazón.
  • NO conduzca hasta pasadas unas cuatro a seis semanas, una vez que haya retirado la férula y pueda sujetar el volante de forma cómoda y sin dolor.

Para el cuidado de la herida, la hinchazón y las cicatrices, consulte las pautas de cuidado de heridas de nuestra consulta.

Sus ejercicios

Estos son los ejercicios que aparecen en su folleto. Comience a realizarlos únicamente bajo la guía del Dr. Hirpara y de su terapeuta de mano, respetando siempre el rango de movimiento y las limitaciones que le hayan indicado. Los ejercicios iniciales (oposición, levantamiento del pulgar, movimiento lateral, estiramiento del espacio interdigital y círculos suaves) ayudan a recuperar el movimiento del pulgar sin ejercer carga sobre la nueva articulación; pueden iniciarse una vez que haya retirado la férula diurna. El ejercicio de apretar plastilina y pellizcar con una llave es un ejercicio de fortalecimiento que se realiza más tarde, y no debe comenzarse hasta aproximadamente las seis semanas, cuando su terapeuta de mano lo indique. Durante las primeras semanas, realice todos los movimientos con suavidad y sin forzar; interrumpa cualquier ejercicio que provoque dolor intenso en la base del pulgar.

Su protocolo clínico

El resto de esta página describe el protocolo clínico por etapas para la rehabilitación tras un reemplazo articular total trapeciometacarpiano de doble movilidad (Touch). Esta sección debe entregarse a su terapeuta de mano; cada fase comienza con una explicación sencilla en lenguaje coloquial sobre lo que ocurre. A diferencia de la trapeziectomía, el implante es estable de inmediato y comparte la carga, por lo que la inmovilización es mínima y la oposición activa se restablece tempranamente. El riesgo temprano específico del implante es la dislocación si se fuerza a alcanzar rangos de movimiento extremos; por eso, durante las primeras semanas se evitan posiciones forzadas o en extremos de rango para luego progresar a ejercicios de fortalecimiento con carga una vez que se logre la osteointegración.

Antes de iniciar el tratamiento, revise el informe quirúrgico del paciente y su historial médico; además, consulte con el cirujano tratante respecto a la correcta colocación y estabilidad del implante, así como cualquier complicación intraoperatoria. El régimen indicado por el Dr. Hirpara consiste en un vendaje grueso y suave durante 7–10 días, luego un yeso tipo “spica” para el pulgar durante 2–3 semanas, seguido de un yeso nocturno hasta la semana 6 (muñeca en posición neutra, pulgar en abducción palmar media y articulaciones interfalángicas libres). En este procedimiento se conserva el trapecio y se mantiene la longitud del pulgar.

Fase I — protección (semana 0 hasta aproximadamente 2–3)

Durante las primeras semanas se estabilizan los tejidos blandos y se protege la nueva articulación. El pulgar permanece cubierto con un vendaje grueso y blando, y posteriormente con una férula diurna tipo “spica” para el pulgar, mientras que los dedos, la muñeca y el resto de la mano siguen moviéndose. No se permite realizar esfuerzos con el pulgar ni adoptar posiciones extremas o forzadas (el riesgo temprano específico del implante es la dislocación).

Para su terapeuta de mano:

Educación y precauciones - Inmovilizar la base del pulgar: vendaje grueso y blando durante 7–10 días → férula diurna tipo “spica” para el pulgar durante unas 2–3 semanas (muñeca en posición neutra, pulgar en abducción palmar media, articulación interfalángica libre) - Evitar posiciones extremas o forzadas del pulgar y agarres bruscos: la dislocación es el riesgo temprano específico del implante - No realizar esfuerzos con el pulgar (ni pellizcos, ni agarres, ni torsiones ni levantamientos) - Mantener el implante sin carga; solo se permite un uso suave y sin carga de la mano

Manejo - Herida: aplicar los vendajes quirúrgicos según indicaciones; vigilar posibles signos de infección - Edema: elevar la mano, realizar movimientos de bombeo suaves y aplicar hielo según sea necesario - Ejercicios: realizar movimientos activos de articulación interfalángica del pulgar, de los dedos y de la muñeca; mantener la movilidad de toda la mano; aún no se permiten movimientos activos en la articulación carpometacarpiana ni en la oposición, ni carga alguna

Criterios para avanzar - La herida se ha estabilizado; el paciente se siente cómodo; alrededor de la semana 2–3 se retira la férula diurna para iniciar movimientos activos

Fase II: Movimiento activo con férula nocturna (semana ~2–3 a 6)

A partir de las dos o tres semanas, se retira la férula diurna y se inicia un movimiento activo y suave del pulgar: oposición (según la progresión de Kapandji), abducción palmar y radial, circunducción suave y movilización del espacio interdigital. La férula nocturna se mantiene hasta la semana 6. Se recomienda un uso cotidiano moderado; sin embargo, se deben evitar el agarre fuerte y la pinza hasta ese momento.

Para su terapeuta de mano:

Evaluaciones - Oposición activa del pulgar (puntuación de Kapandji), abducción palmar/radial, ancho del espacio interdigital; dolor e hinchazón; evaluación de la herida y la cicatriz

Educación y precauciones - Se retira la férula diurna; continúe usando la férula NOCTURNA hasta la semana 6 - Solo se permite movimiento activo sin resistencia del pulgar: no se debe realizar agarre fuerte ni pinza antes de la semana 6 - Mantenga los movimientos dentro de los límites de confort; evite forzar el rango articular

Manejo - Ejercicios: oposición activa sin resistencia (progresión de Kapandji), abducción palmar y radial, circunducción suave, movilización del espacio interdigital; uso funcional cotidiano moderado de la mano; iniciar masaje de la cicatriz una vez que la herida haya sanado

Criterios para avanzar - Buena recuperación de la oposición activa; herida completamente cicatrizada; movimiento sin resistencia y sin dolor alrededor de la semana 6

Fase III — carga y fortalecimiento (a partir de la semana 6)

A partir de las seis semanas, el implante ya está osteointegrado y puede soportar carga. Se inicia el fortalecimiento de la pinza y la prensión (pinza con plastilina, pinza con dedos índice y pulgar, fortalecimiento de la oposición), progresando gradualmente. La fuerza muscular seguirá mejorando durante los siguientes 6 a 12 meses.

Para su terapeuta de mano:

Evaluaciones - Fuerza de pinza y prensión con dedos índice y pulgar, comparada con el lado contralateral; capacidad de oposición; respuesta al dolor o hinchazón tras la carga; pruebas funcionales y específicas para el trabajo, según corresponda.

Educación y precauciones - Iniciar el fortalecimiento progresivo de la pinza y la prensión a partir de las 6 semanas; aumentar la carga de forma gradual. - Esperar que la fuerza muscular mejore durante 6–12 meses; aconsejar paciencia al aplicar cargas más elevadas.

Manejo - Ejercicios: pinza con plastilina, pinza con dedos índice y pulgar, fortalecimiento de la oposición, resistencia progresiva; fortalecimiento de la prensión; continuar con ejercicios para mantener la movilidad residual y el trabajo cicatricial. - Considerar el alta terapéutica una vez que la fuerza sea funcional y se haya logrado una recuperación adecuada de la función. - Considerar derivar nuevamente al médico tratante si la recuperación se estanca o si el resultado es insatisfactorio.

Criterios para el alta - Pinza y prensión funcionales, casi simétricas; uso cotidiano y laboral sin dolor.

Retorno al trabajo y a las actividades cotidianas

Se recomienda realizar actividades cotidianas ligeras con la mano (comer, escribir, cuidados personales básicos) desde el principio, siempre que se haga con comodidad y sin forzar el pulgar ni realizar pinzamientos o agarres fuertes. Dado que no debe conducir hasta que se retire el yeso y pueda agarrar el volante sin dificultad, planifique contar con ayuda para el transporte durante las primeras semanas. Por lo general, se puede volver a conducir al cabo de cuatro a seis semanas, una vez que pueda agarrar el volante sin dolor, según lo confirma el Dr. Hirpara.

El trabajo de oficina y las tareas ligeras suelen ser posibles entre dos y cuatro semanas; en cambio, el trabajo manual o más pesado debe esperar hasta las seis semanas, iniciándose entonces de forma gradual, ya que solo a partir de esa fecha se permite realizar pinzamientos y agarres fuertes. La fuerza de la mano seguirá mejorando durante 6 a 12 meses; por ello, las tareas más pesadas y exigentes se retomarán progresivamente, no de golpe, evaluando la respuesta del pulgar junto con el Dr. Hirpara y su terapeuta de mano, y no únicamente en función del calendario.

Después de seguir este protocolo

Este protocolo se complementa con las recomendaciones generales de recuperación que brinda la clínica; consulte control del dolor postoperatorio, cuidado de la herida y manejo de las cicatrices. El plan por fases descrito anteriormente se basa en las guías de rehabilitación publicadas tras el reemplazo de la articulación de la base del pulgar con sistema de doble movilidad; su recuperación continua será supervisada individualmente por el Dr. Hirpara y su terapeuta de mano, según la evolución de su pulgar.


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Thumb Base Joint Replacement (Touch) — Procedure Outcomes & Post-operative Rehabilitation (Dual-mobility TMC/CMC Total Joint Arthroplasty)

Topic scope: post-operative rehabilitation after a dual-mobility total joint replacement of the trapeziometacarpal (thumb base / CMC) joint for advanced thumb base osteoarthritis — the Touch implant. Unlike trapeziectomy, the trapezium is retained and thumb length preserved, and a correctly seated dual-mobility implant is immediately stable and load-sharing. The rehab is therefore a minimal-immobilisation, early-motion pathway: protect briefly against the implant-specific early dislocation risk, restore opposition within the first month, then load.

Defining principle of the rehab here: a trapeziectomy relies on a scar/haematoma "spacer" forming where the bone was removed, which takes roughly 12 months to mature — so rehab is slow by necessity. A dual-mobility thumb base replacement instead provides an immediately stable, load-sharing artificial joint, so immobilisation can be minimal, opposition is restored within the first month, and recovery is faster than trapeziectomy. The dual-mobility cup specifically reduces the early dislocation risk that drove longer immobilisation with older single-mobility implants. The one deliberate early restraint is therefore avoidance of forced/extreme thumb positions (the implant-specific dislocation risk) for the first few weeks, after which loaded pinch/grip strengthening begins. This is a newer implant: the evidence base is short-to-mid-term and low-to-moderate level, and rehab regimens are under-reported and not standardised.


A. PROCEDURE OUTCOMES (dual-mobility Touch TMC arthroplasty)

Dual-mobility total joint replacement of the thumb base is a comparatively new alternative to trapeziectomy for advanced trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Early- to mid-term series report high implant survival and good restoration of pinch and function, with the principal trade-off being a higher complication/revision profile than the well-established trapeziectomy — though the dual-mobility design improves on the dislocation rate of earlier single-mobility implants.

  • High short-to-mid-term implant survival and good function. A Touch-specific series reported 96% implant survival at 2 years with high key-pinch strength; the main adverse events were soft-tissue complications (de Quervain-type tenosynovitis, trigger digit) rather than implant failure [Herren 2023]. A 150-patient dual-mobility cohort similarly reports early normalisation of function. Moderate (case series / retrospective cohort).
  • Faster recovery than trapeziectomy because the joint is immediately stable. Because the implant is load-sharing from the outset, the thumb is only briefly immobilised, patients return to near-normal activity early, and formal therapy may not always be required — contrasting with the ~12-month maturation of a trapeziectomy spacer [Duerinckx & Verstreken 2022]. Moderate (narrative review / cohort).
  • Opposition and pinch/grip recover well. Using the MOOVIS dual-mobility implant, the Kapandji opposition score improved from 7 to 10 with improved pinch and grip [Dreant 2018]. Moderate (cohort).
  • The dual-mobility design reduces dislocation. The extra articulation lowers the early dislocation risk that limited older single-mobility prostheses, supporting earlier mobilisation [Tchurukdichian 2019; Martins 2020]. Moderate (cohort / mechanistic).
  • Lower reoperation than ball-and-socket designs; persistent revision risk overall. A network meta-analysis found dual-mobility implants had lower reoperation than ball-and-socket designs, with TOUCH reoperation around 1.0% [Burnett 2026 NMA]. Reported outcomes continue to evolve in ongoing reviews [Tosti & Duerinckx 2026]. Moderate (NMA of mostly observational data).
  • Registry-level work-absence benchmark. Swedish registry data give a sense of real-world recovery: sick leave of roughly 94 days for men and 109 days for women — a benchmark to set realistic return-to-work expectations rather than a target. Moderate (registry).

B. REHABILITATION / THERAPY EVIDENCE

The central rehab questions are (1) how long to immobilise, and (2) when to start motion and loading. Because the implant is immediately stable, the modern answer is minimal immobilisation with early active opposition — but the literature is explicit that there is no consensus and wide variation between centres, and that rehab protocols are under-reported.

  • Minimal immobilisation is justified by immediate stability. A correctly seated dual-mobility implant is stable and load-sharing, so prolonged casting is unnecessary; the thumb is briefly protected, then mobilised early, with opposition typically back within the first month [Duerinckx & Verstreken 2022]. Moderate (review).
  • No standardised regimen — wide variation in immobilisation and motion timing. A dedicated review of immobilisation and rehabilitation after thumb-base arthroplasty found reported immobilisation ranging from 2 to 12 weeks and active range-of-motion commencing anywhere from 1 to 6 weeks, with no consensus across studies [Barrett 2022]. This is the key caveat for any protocol: the timings are a defensible, surgeon-confirmed plan, not a trial-derived standard. Moderate (systematic review of heterogeneous protocols).
  • Early opposition recovery is achievable and is the functional priority. Improvement of the Kapandji opposition score (7→10) demonstrates that active opposition is the early rehab target and is realistically attainable in the first weeks-to-months [Dreant 2018]. Moderate (cohort).
  • The early restraint is dislocation avoidance, not protected healing. The dual-mobility design reduces but does not abolish early dislocation; the practical implication is to avoid forced/extreme thumb positions in the first weeks rather than to immobilise for prolonged periods [Tchurukdichian 2019; Martins 2020]. Moderate / mechanistic.

Recovery trajectory (expected, evidence-anchored)

Phase Window Restraint Hand use / therapy focus Strength / load Notes
I — Protect Week 0 to ~2–3 Soft bulky dressing 7–10 d → thumb spica DAY splint Keep IP/MCP/digits/wrist moving; oedema control; avoid forced/extreme thumb positions No resisted thumb work Early dislocation is the implant-specific risk; minimal immobilisation because the implant is immediately stable
II — Active motion Week ~2–3 to 6 NIGHT splint to 6 wk Out of day splint; active unresisted opposition (Kapandji), palmar + radial abduction, gentle circumduction, web-space work; light everyday use; scar massage once healed Still no heavy grip/pinch Opposition typically restored within the first month; faster than trapeziectomy
III — Load / strengthen Week 6+ Restrictions lifted Progress pinch/grip-specific loading and task use Pinch + grip strengthening from 6 wk (putty, key/tip pinch); full weight-bearing ~6 wk Strength matures over 6–12 months; return to heavy/manual work staged across this window

(Phase windows reflect KH-confirmed parameters and are consistent with the wide ranges reported in the literature; they are typical guides, not trial-derived deadlines — see Barrett 2022.)


C. KEY CONTROVERSIES / EVIDENCE QUALITY

  1. Replacement vs trapeziectomy. Dual-mobility replacement restores the joint and gives a faster functional return (immediate stability, opposition back within a month) versus the ~12-month maturation of a trapeziectomy spacer, but at the cost of a higher complication and revision rate and a shorter evidence track record. Trapeziectomy remains the well-established, lower-risk benchmark. Moderate; trade-off, not a clear winner.
  2. How long to immobilise / when to start motion. No consensus — reported immobilisation spans 2–12 weeks and AROM start 1–6 weeks [Barrett 2022]. This page's day-splint-2–3-weeks → night-splint-to-6-weeks → strengthen-from-6-weeks plan is a defensible, surgeon-confirmed regimen within that reported range, not a proven standard. Weak–moderate.
  3. Dislocation risk. The dual-mobility cup reduces the early dislocation that limited older single-mobility implants, but the risk is not zero in the first weeks — hence the early forced/extreme-position restraint [Tchurukdichian 2019; Martins 2020]. Moderate / mechanistic.
  4. Complication profile. Soft-tissue complications (de Quervain-type tenosynovitis, trigger digit) are the commonest early issues rather than implant failure [Herren 2023]; reoperation is low for dual-mobility (TOUCH ~1.0%) and lower than ball-and-socket designs [Burnett 2026 NMA]. Moderate.
  5. Maturity of the evidence. This is a newer implant: outcomes are short-to-mid-term, evidence is low-to-moderate level (case series, retrospective cohorts, registry and NMA of mostly observational data), and rehabilitation is under-reported and not standardised. Tone should be appropriately cautious. Evidence base still maturing.

D. EVIDENCE STRENGTH FLAGS (summary)

  • MODERATE (cohort / registry / NMA of observational data): high short-to-mid-term implant survival (96% at 2 yr, Touch) with good key-pinch; Kapandji opposition 7→10; dual-mobility lower reoperation than ball-and-socket (TOUCH ~1.0%); registry sick-leave benchmark (~94 d men / 109 d women); faster functional return than trapeziectomy.
  • MODERATE (systematic review of heterogeneous protocols): no consensus on rehab — immobilisation 2–12 weeks, AROM start 1–6 weeks (Barrett 2022).
  • WEAK / CONSENSUS: the specific immobilisation-then-early-opposition-then-strengthen phase timings (surgeon-confirmed, within the reported range; not trial-derived); the dislocation-avoidance rationale (mechanistic).
  • CAVEAT: newer implant — short-to-mid-term, low-to-moderate-level evidence; higher complication/revision rates than trapeziectomy persist; rehab under-reported.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • Duerinckx J, Verstreken F. Dual mobility prosthesis for trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis. EFORT Open Rev. 2022. DOI: 10.1530/eor-22-0027
  • Herren DB, et al. Trapeziometacarpal joint replacement with the Touch prosthesis: two-year results. J Hand Surg (Eur Vol). 2023. DOI: 10.1177/17531934231179581
  • Dreant N, et al. Trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty with the dual-mobility MOOVIS prosthesis. Hand (NY). 2018. DOI: 10.1177/1558944718797341
  • Tchurukdichian A, et al. Dual-mobility implant reduces the dislocation risk in trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty. Hand (NY). 2019. DOI: 10.1177/1558944719855690
  • Martins A, et al. Dual-mobility trapeziometacarpal prosthesis. J Hand Surg (Eur Vol). 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1753193420901435
  • Barrett H, et al. Immobilization and rehabilitation after trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty: a review. J Hand Surg Glob Online. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.05.011
  • Tosti R, Duerinckx J. Trapeziometacarpal total joint arthroplasty: current concepts. J Hand Surg Am. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.003
  • Burnett K, et al. Implant designs for trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty: a network meta-analysis of reoperation. J Hand Surg Am. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.011

Thumb base arthroplasty literature (URLs)

  • Herren DB, et al. TOUCH trapeziometacarpal prosthesis — two-year results. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12098211/
  • Dual-mobility trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty — 150-patient cohort. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12662895/
  • TOUCH prosthesis case series. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8470025/
  • KeriMedical — TOUCH thumb base prosthesis patient information. https://www.kerimedical.com/en/patients/

Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.