Skip to content

Patients › Recovery

El día de su cirugía

PDF

Un recorrido por el propio día: desde la llegada y el registro, pasando por el encuentro con el equipo y la entrada al quirófano, hasta el despertar y el regreso a casa ese mismo día. Qué llevar, qué ropa ponerse y quién debe llevarlo de vuelta a casa.

Una mano enguantada que marca el antebrazo del paciente con un marcador cutáneo.
Antes de la operación, el cirujano confirma y marca el brazo correcto; este es uno de los controles de seguridad que se realizan ese día. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

El día de la operación deja de ser algo misterioso una vez que se conoce cómo se desarrolla.
Casi todas las cirugías de extremidad superior se realizan como cirugía ambulatoria, lo que significa que el paciente llega, se somete a la operación, se recupera durante un rato y regresa a casa el mismo día. Esta página describe ese día paso a paso para que nada resulte inesperado. La preparación previa a la cirugía (suspensión o continuación de medicamentos, organización del tiempo libre, normas de ayuno, etc.) se trata en las páginas de preparación preoperatoria y anestesia y ayuno; esta página se centra en el día de la intervención en sí.

Llegada y registro

Le indicaremos una hora de llegada; por lo general, será un par de horas antes de que comience su operación. Este intervalo de tiempo es intencionado y no se considera tiempo perdido: permite que el equipo de enfermería, su cirujano y su anestesista lo examinen, verifiquen todos los detalles y se aseguren de que el procedimiento transcurra sin contratiempos. Por favor, acuda a la hora indicada, aunque su operación esté programada para más tarde ese mismo día. Al llegar, diríjase al área de admisiones mencionada en su correo electrónico, regístrese en el mostrador, confirme sus datos personales y luego se le guiará al área de cirugía ambulatoria. Una enfermera lo ayudará a acomodarse; deberá cambiarse la ropa por una bata hospitalaria y colocarse una pulsera de identificación que deberá llevar puesta hasta que regrese a casa. Antes de venir, verifique nuevamente el tiempo de ayuno indicado en el correo con los detalles de su cirugía. Por lo general, esto implica no ingerir alimentos ni bebidas a partir de una hora calculada a partir de su hora de admisión; si utiliza algún medicamento inyectable para la diabetes o para la pérdida de peso, como Ozempic, el ayuno debe durar 24 horas. El ayuno es fundamental para su seguridad bajo anestesia; cumplirlo adecuadamente reduce considerablemente el riesgo de que su operación se retrase o se posponga. En la página Anestesia y ayuno se detallan los tiempos exactos.

Conociendo a su equipo

Varias personas vendrán a verlo antes de su operación. Esta es una de las etapas más seguras del día: todos revisan los mismos aspectos desde perspectivas ligeramente distintas, para así no pasar nada por alto.

  • El equipo de enfermería lo acomodará, repasará una lista de verificación, tomará algunas mediciones de rutina y responderá a sus preguntas habituales.
  • Su cirujano lo atenderá para confirmar exactamente qué operación se realizará y en qué lado; responderá a cualquier duda que tenga y marcará el brazo con un bolígrafo, para eliminar cualquier posible confusión sobre el sitio correcto. Ver esa marca le brindará tranquilidad; se trata de una medida de seguridad deliberada, que se lleva a cabo siempre junto con usted.
  • El anestesista hablará con usted sobre cómo se le mantendrá cómodo, dormido o insensible al dolor. Según el tipo de operación, podría tratarse de una anestesia general (usted queda completamente dormido), un bloqueo nervioso regional (se adormece todo el brazo; consulte la página sobre bloqueo nervioso del hombro), una anestesia local para procedimientos menores, o una combinación de ambas. Este es el momento ideal para plantear cualquier inquietud que tenga.

Además, distintas personas le pedirán en varias ocasiones que confirme su nombre, fecha de nacimiento y tipo de operación. Puede parecer repetitivo; sin embargo, ese es el propósito. La verificación y re-verificación son fundamentales para garantizar la seguridad en la lista de operaciones.

La espera

Puede haber una espera entre el momento del registro y el ingreso al quirófano. Las listas de cirugías se planifican cuidadosamente y el equipo se esfuerza por mantener el cronograma, pero en ocasiones alguna operación se prolonga un poco más o el orden de las intervenciones cambia por razones clínicas válidas, lo que puede retrasar el proceso. Esto rara vez indica que haya algún problema. Lleve algo para entretenerse: un libro, una revista, música o un podcast con auriculares; intente relajarse en lugar de estar pendiente del reloj.

Dirigiéndose al quirófano y despertando después

Cuando llegue su turno, caminará o será trasladado en silla de ruedas hasta el área del quirófano.
Se le administra la anestesia; lo siguiente que notará será que se despierta en el área de recuperación, con una enfermera cerca cuidándolo. La operación ya se ha realizado. Es posible que se sienta somnoliento, un poco frío o con la boca seca; todo ello es completamente normal y de corta duración. Si le aplicaron un bloqueo nervioso, el brazo se sentirá pesado y entumecido, tal como estaba previsto.

Las enfermeras de recuperación le vigilan de cerca, verifican su comodidad y el estado de sus vendajes, y le administran analgésicos y medicamentos antieméticos según sea necesario. Una vez que esté plenamente despierto y estable, lo llevarán de regreso al área de cirugía ambulatoria.

Regreso a casa

Dado que su cirugía es ambulatoria, podrá volver a casa una vez que se cumplan ciertos requisitos: esté despierto y estable, el dolor esté controlado con medicamentos, cualquier náusea haya desaparecido, haya ingerido algo de comida y bebida, y el equipo médico esté satisfecho con su estado. Para la mayoría de las personas, esto ocurre unas horas después de la operación.

Antes de irse, las enfermeras le explicarán cómo cuidar el vendaje, el plan de alivio del dolor, el uso de cualquier cabestrillo o férula, qué actividades puede y no puede realizar, y cuándo debe regresar para una revisión. No se preocupe por recordarlo todo; se le entregará por escrito para que se lo lleve a casa, y también tendrá un número de teléfono al que llamar si más tarde tiene alguna duda.

Organización de su viaje a casa y de la primera noche

Este es el único aspecto que debe organizar con antelación: no puede conducir usted mismo a casa, y no debe quedarse solo durante la primera noche.

  • Organice que un adulto responsable lo lleve a casa y se quede con usted durante la noche. El efecto de la anestesia permanece en su organismo durante el resto del día; su juicio, reacciones y coordinación no vuelven a la normalidad aunque usted se sienta bien, por lo que conducir (y quedarse solo) no es seguro.
  • Por el mismo motivo, no planee tomar decisiones importantes, firmar ningún documento legalmente vinculante, consumir alcohol ni operar maquinaria durante el resto del día.

Qué llevar y qué ponerse

Un poco de preparación hará que el día transcurra sin contratiempos:

  • Use ropa holgada, cómoda y con abertura frontal: una camisa con botones o una sudadera con cremallera, en lugar de prendas ajustadas que deban pasarse por la cabeza; así le resultará fácil ponérsela después de colocarle un vendaje, cabestrillo o férula en el brazo.
  • Lleve una lista de sus medicamentos, indicando las dosis, así como cualquier inhalador o fármaco esencial que pueda necesitar durante el día.
  • Lleve cualquier dispositivo de ayuda para caminar que utilice habitualmente.
  • Si lleva un EpiPen, tráigalo y entrégueselo al personal de enfermería. Si utiliza insulina, lleve también su medidor de glucosa.
  • Deje en casa las joyas, relojes y objetos de valor. En particular, los anillos deben quitarse del brazo operado; cuanto menos lleve, menos tendrá que cuidar.
  • Lleve los datos de su cita médica y una pequeña cantidad de dinero o una tarjeta, por si necesita retirar una receta al salir.

Antes de venir — llámenos si

Por lo general, el día transcurre tal como está previsto. Pero en los días previos a su operación, póngase en contacto con nosotros en lugar de presentarse sin saber qué hacer, si:

  • Se siente enfermo: tiene un resfriado, tos, fiebre, malestar estomacal o cualquier señal de infección (incluyendo infecciones cutáneas, rasguños o heridas en el brazo que vamos a operar).
  • No está seguro respecto a sus medicamentos: si debe tomarlos o suspenderlos, especialmente anticoagulantes, medicamentos para la diabetes o cualquier fármaco que tome por la mañana.
  • No está seguro de las indicaciones sobre el ayuno o si por error comió o bebió cuando no debía hacerlo.
  • Cualquier cambio en su estado de salud desde su última consulta.

Siempre es mejor llamar con antelación. Preferimos saber de usted y resolverlo de antemano, antes de que llegue enfermo o sin preparación y corramos el riesgo de tener que posponer la operación. Cuando tenga dudas, llame a la consulta.


Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.