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Liberación de codo rígido (artrólisis)

Un plan temprano y agresivo de recuperación motora tras una operación para liberar un codo rígido: el cirujano logra restaurar la flexión y extensión del codo durante la intervención, y el objetivo de toda la rehabilitación es mantener ese rango de movimiento, comenzando desde el primer día sin usar cabestrillo ni fase de protección alguna.

Ilustración de la articulación del codo que muestra las superficies óseas y la cápsula que pueden volverse rígidas y tensas.
Un codo rígido tras una lesión o cirugía: la cápsula engrosada y tensa que se libera mediante una operación de liberación. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

Este protocolo le servirá de guía para su recuperación tras una intervención quirúrgica destinada a liberar un codo rígido (una liberación, o artrólisis) realizada por el Dr. Kieran Hirpara en el Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Comienza con un programa de ejercicios para realizar en casa; a continuación, se detalla el protocolo clínico estructurado para su fisioterapeuta o terapeuta de mano. Lleve esta página o su versión en PDF a su primera sesión de terapia, a fin de garantizar una rehabilitación coordinada. Su terapeuta podrá modificar el plan según el progreso de su recuperación.

Si tiene alguna duda respecto a la herida quirúrgica, no dude en ponerse en contacto con el consultorio. A menudo resulta útil tomar una fotografía de la herida y enviarla por correo electrónico para su evaluación.

Qué esperar

La rigidez del codo tras una lesión o intervención quirúrgica previa se debe a que la membrana (capsula) que recubre la articulación se engrosa y se tensa; a veces también se forma hueso adicional, impidiendo que el codo se flexione y extienda en toda su amplitud. Durante la intervención de liberación, realizada mediante cirugía artroscópica o una incisión abierta, el cirujano elimina dicha cápsula tensa (así como cualquier hueso extra o tejido cicatricial adherido) para que el codo vuelva a moverse libremente durante la operación.

Lo más importante que hay que comprender es que esta recuperación es lo opuesto a una operación de reparación. No hay nada que haya sido suturado o reparado y que requiera semanas de reposo para cicatrizar. En cambio, el cirujano logra una amplitud de movimiento casi completa durante la operación, y la tarea principal de su rehabilitación consiste en mantener dicha movilidad, pues la tendencia natural del codo tras la cirugía es volver a endurecerse. Por eso no se utiliza cabestrillo ni hay fase de protección: se empieza a mover el codo desde el primer día, y se hace de forma enérgica y frecuente. El principal enemigo es la re-rigidez, no el fallo de los tejidos.

Para información sobre el cuidado de la herida, la hinchazón y la cicatrización, consulte las pautas de cuidado de heridas de nuestra consulta. La hinchazón y el dolor son los principales factores que limitan el movimiento en las primeras etapas; por ello, controlarlos mediante elevación, hielo y analgésicos es fundamental para conservar la amplitud de movimiento.

La mayor parte de la mejora se produce entre las 6 semanas y los 3 meses; normalmente el codo alcanza su mejor amplitud estable alrededor de los 4 meses. Para mantener e incluso aumentar dicha amplitud, se emplea un programa de inmovilización con férula durante la noche y los períodos de descanso, el cual debe continuarse durante al menos 3 meses.

Precauciones y limitaciones

  • , empiece a mover el codo desde el primer día, y hágalo con frecuencia a lo largo del día: esto es fundamental para su recuperación.
  • , empuje suavemente hasta el límite de cada estiramiento; a diferencia de una reparación, no existe ninguna estructura que proteger, por lo que el objetivo es alcanzar el rango completo de movimiento.
  • , controle la hinchazón y el dolor mediante elevación, hielo y los analgésicos recetados; son estos factores los que limitan su movilidad, no la cirugía en sí.
  • , tome cualquier medicamento antiinflamatorio (como la indometacina) exactamente según las indicaciones, si el Dr. Hirpara lo ha prescrito para evitar la formación excesiva de hueso.
  • , use la férula nocturna o de reposo tal como se indica, durante al menos 3 meses, para mantener y consolidar el rango de movimiento logrado.
  • No deje el codo en reposo ni “tómelo con calma” para que se asiente: así es como vuelve la rigidez.
  • No se alarme si siente hormigueo o entumecimiento en el dedo meñique y el anular; el nervio situado en la parte interna del codo (el nervio cubital) puede volverse más sensible a medida que mejora la flexión; por ello, informe al Dr. Hirpara o a su terapeuta para que lo evalúen.

Sus ejercicios

Estos son los ejercicios que aparecen en su folleto para recuperar y mantener la movilidad del codo y el antebrazo. Comience a realizarlos bajo la guía del Dr. Hirpara y de su terapeuta; en este protocolo, deben iniciarse de inmediato. Se deben hacer con firmeza y con frecuencia, ya que el rango de movimiento que se mantenga será el que utilice a diario mediante estos ejercicios.

Su protocolo clínico

El resto de esta página contiene el protocolo clínico para la rehabilitación posterior a la liberación quirúrgica (artrólisis) de un codo rígido. Esta sección debe entregarse a su fisioterapeuta o terapeuta de mano; cada fase comienza con una explicación sencilla en lenguaje coloquial sobre lo que está ocurriendo. El principio fundamental es que el cirujano logra un rango de movimiento casi completo en la mesa de operaciones; la función de la rehabilitación es evitar que se pierda dicho rango. No existe ningún tipo de fijación para proteger el codo, por lo que no hay fase de protección: el control del dolor y la hinchazón son los factores que limitan el ritmo de la rehabilitación, no la cicatrización de los tejidos.

Días 0 a 2 después de la operación

Durante el primer día o dos, se mantiene el codo en reposo brevemente, el brazo se mantiene elevado y la hinchazón se controla con hielo y compresión. Con frecuencia, el codo se sujeta en una posición de extensión completa, ya que este es el movimiento que con mayor frecuencia se pierde y al que se debe favorecer. Si existe preocupación por una formación ósea excesiva (por ejemplo, tras la extirpación de hueso adicional o tras una lesión de alta energía), el Dr. Hirpara podría iniciar ahora un medicamento antiinflamatorio para prevenirla.

Para su fisioterapeuta:

Antes de iniciar el tratamiento, revise las imágenes médicas del paciente, el informe quirúrgico y su historial clínico previo; además, consulte con el cirujano responsable sobre el rango de movimiento logrado durante la operación, cualquier procedimiento realizado en el nervio cubital y si se ha iniciado la profilaxis contra la osificación heterotópica.

Posición y edema

  • Inmovilización breve en extensión completa mediante una férula acolchada; brazo elevado; crioterapia y compresión para controlar el edema.
  • Por lo general, los drenajes se retiran al día siguiente de la operación.

Profilaxis contra la osificación heterotópica (si procede)

  • Indometacina (por ejemplo, 25 mg tres veces al día, o 75–100 mg/día) durante 3–6 semanas cuando sea necesario, especialmente tras la extirpación de tejido óseo o tras traumatismos de alta energía; en casos seleccionados de alto riesgo, se puede añadir una dosis única de radioterapia perioperatoria (según criterio del cirujano).

A partir del día 1: movilización inmediata y enérgica

Esta es la base del protocolo. El día posterior a la cirugía se retira el yeso y se inicia una movilización firme y frecuente: flexión y extensión activo-asistida y pasiva, así como rotación del antebrazo, con el objetivo de recuperar todo el rango de movimiento que el cirujano logró durante la intervención. No existe límite alguno para el rango de movimiento; el objetivo es alcanzar exactamente el arco intraoperatorio completo.

Para su fisioterapeuta:

Límite del rango de movimiento

  • Ninguno. Se debe recuperar el arco intraoperatorio completo. Retirar el yeso al día siguiente a la cirugía.

Ejercicios

  • Movilización activo-asistida y pasiva en flexión, extensión, pronación y supinación; se debe enfatizar el estiramiento en la dirección más restrictiva (normalmente la extensión).
  • CPM opcional: si se utiliza, iniciar en el hospital al día siguiente a la cirugía con el rango máximo disponible (usualmente 0–145° con un cojín detrás del codo) y continuar en casa durante unas 4 semanas, además de la fisioterapia. El CPM es únicamente un complemento; no se ha demostrado que sea superior a la fisioterapia supervisada; su uso queda a criterio del cirujano.
  • Frecuencia: fisioterapia supervisada a diario durante la primera semana postoperatoria, y luego 2–3 veces por semana durante aproximadamente 6 semanas.

Criterios para avanzar

  • Mantenimiento del rango de movimiento logrado durante la cirugía; control del edema y del dolor.

Semanas 2 a 6: mantener el arco de movimiento e introducir el uso de férulas

El movimiento continúa siendo constante. Para mantener y ampliar el rango de movimiento, se incorpora un programa de férulas durante la noche y los períodos de descanso: se realiza un estiramiento prolongado y de baja carga en el extremo del rango de movimiento, alternando entre flexión y extensión.

Para su fisioterapeuta:

Ejercicios y uso de férulas

  • Continuar con ejercicios activos, activo-asistidos o pasivos para mantener el rango de movimiento.
  • Incorporar férulas estático-progresivas (o dinámicas/estático-serie/torniquete) para realizar estiramientos prolongados de baja carga en el extremo del rango de movimiento: un programa nocturno o de descanso que alterna flexión y extensión. Las férulas estático-progresivas (elásticas, con ajuste incremental del torque por parte del paciente) son la modalidad preferida para tratar las contracturas de flexión del codo.
  • Control del edema y manejo de las cicatrices.

Criterios para avanzar

  • El arco de movimiento se mantiene o se amplía; alrededor de la semana 6 el paciente estará listo para someterse a carga.

Semanas 6 a 12: fortalecimiento y continuación del uso de férulas

Una vez que el movimiento se vuelve estable, generalmente alrededor de la semana 6, se inicia el fortalecimiento mediante ejercicios de resistencia progresiva según la tolerancia del paciente. El programa de uso de férulas se mantiene.

Para su fisioterapeuta:

Ejercicios y férulas

  • Iniciar el fortalecimiento con resistencia progresiva una vez que el movimiento sea estable (normalmente alrededor de la semana 6)
  • Continuar el uso de férulas durante al menos 3 meses después de la cirugía para lograr un rango de movimiento final óptimo

Alrededor de 16 semanas: fase de estabilización

Los estudios publicados indican que los pacientes alcanzan su rango máximo de movimiento en un promedio de aproximadamente 16 semanas, siendo la mayor parte de la recuperación observable entre las 6 semanas y los 3 meses. Esta expectativa debe comunicarse al paciente antes de la cirugía. Los avances obtenidos en cuanto al rango de flexión/extensión y rotación suelen mantenerse a largo plazo (según seguimientos de hasta 15 meses en grandes cohortes de pacientes).

Para su fisioterapeuta:

  • El rango máximo de movimiento se alcanza en un promedio de ~16 semanas; se debe informar al paciente que ningún umbral previo al procedimiento permite predecir con certeza la trayectoria de recuperación; aplique este mismo plazo de ~16 semanas a todos los pacientes.

Volver al trabajo y a las actividades cotidianas

Al no existir ningún tipo de fijación que proteja la zona, el regreso a las actividades diarias se regula según su comodidad, la hinchazón y el rango de movimiento que logre alcanzar, en lugar de esperar a que algo se cure. Desde el principio se recomienda un uso moderado del brazo para las tareas cotidianas; de hecho, utilizar el codo con normalidad durante el día forma parte del tratamiento.

El fortalecimiento muscular, así como la realización de tareas más exigentes, comienzan alrededor de las 6 semanas, una vez que su movilidad se haya estabilizado, y se incrementan gradualmente según su fuerza y rango de movimiento lo permitan. La mayoría de las personas alcanzan un rango y nivel funcional estables al cabo de unos 4 meses, y los progresos obtenidos suelen mantenerse a largo plazo. El regreso a la conducción, al trabajo y a la práctica deportiva depende de que recupere suficiente movilidad, fuerza y control para cada actividad específica; hable con el Dr. Hirpara y su terapeuta sobre el momento adecuado para su caso, ya que esto varía según su profesión y la magnitud de la cirugía. El mensaje más importante es que debe mantener el programa de ejercicios de movilidad y el uso de la férula nocturna o de reposo durante todo el proceso, pues eso es lo que garantiza que conserve el rango de movimiento que tanto le ha costado recuperar.

Después de seguir este protocolo

Este protocolo complementa las recomendaciones generales de recuperación que brinda la clínica: consulte manejo del dolor postoperatorio y cuidado de la herida. Para información sobre la recuperación del codo cuando se realiza la liberación del revestimiento articular, vea liberación capsular. El plan por fases descrito anteriormente se ajusta a la evidencia científica publicada sobre la rehabilitación tras la liberación de contracturas del codo; además, su proceso de recuperación será guiado individualmente por su fisioterapeuta o terapeuta de mano, según la evolución de su codo.


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Stiff Elbow — Arthrolysis / Capsular Release (Open or Arthroscopic) — Rehabilitation Evidence

Topic scope: rehabilitation after surgical release of the post-traumatic / post-surgical stiff elbow — open or arthroscopic arthrolysis, anterior + posterior capsulectomy, ± heterotopic ossification (HO) excision, ± ulnar nerve decompression. The focus here is the post-operative rehabilitation philosophy and timeline, not the indications for or technique of the release itself.

Defining principle: the surgeon establishes a near-full arc of motion on the operating table; rehabilitation's single job is to not lose it. There is no fixation to protect, so — unlike a fracture fixation or a tendon repair — there is no protection phase. Motion starts essentially Day 1 (or even in-hospital CPM from Day 1–2), pushed firmly and often. Pain and oedema control are the rate-limiters, not tissue healing. This is the opposite philosophy to olecranon ORIF or a distal biceps repair. Dr Hirpara's stance: no sling and no immobilisation phase; immediate aggressive active-assisted and passive ROM from POD1; static-progressive (or dynamic) night/rest splinting continued for at least 3 months; HO prophylaxis where indicated; and a frank pre-operative conversation that the elbow reaches its plateau at a mean of ~16 weeks.


Consensus phased timeline (week windows)

Phase Window Immobilisation / "ceiling" Movement & adjuncts Strengthening Criteria to progress
Immediate Day 0–2 Brief splint in full extension; arm elevated, cryotherapy/compression HO prophylaxis decision made now (see below); drains out POD1 Splint off POD1
Immediate aggressive ROM (core) Day 1 onward No ROM ceiling — recover the full intra-operative arc Active-assisted + passive flexion / extension / pronation / supination; bias toward tightest direction (usually extension). Optional CPM 0–145° with bolster, in-hospital POD1–2, home to ~4 wk. Daily PT first week → 2–3×/wk for ~6 wk On-table arc maintained; oedema/pain controlled
Hold the arc + splinting Weeks 2–6 None Continue aggressive A/AAROM/PROM. Add static-progressive (or dynamic / serial-static / turnbuckle) splinting — low-load prolonged end-range stretch, night/rest, alternating flexion/extension Arc maintained or exceeded; ready for loading ~wk 6
Strengthening + continued splinting Weeks 6–12 None Continue splinting Progressive resistive strengthening once motion stable (~wk 6); continue splinting ≥3 months Stable, strengthening motion
Plateau ~16 weeks (≈4 months) None Maintain gains; long-term hold Maximum arc reached; most recovery occurred 6 wk–3 mo

Evidence summary by theme

Immediate aggressive motion — the agreed principle (Strong consensus)

Large, consistent retrospective case series and review articles agree that the elbow re-stiffens without immediate motion, and that rehabilitation exists to hold the intra-operative arc. Motion begins POD1; the splint (when used) is removed POD1 and active-assisted + passive ROM is started in all planes, biased toward the tightest direction (usually extension). This is strong consensus across the literature.

Which specific rehab protocol is best (Moderate — genuine equipoise)

The best specific rehab protocol is genuinely unknown. No completed RCT shows superiority of CPM vs PT vs delayed PT — the SET-Study (Stiff Elbow Trial) was designed precisely because this question is unresolved, with three real-world arms (in-hospital CPM + early PT / in-hospital early PT / outpatient PT from POD7–10). CPM is cited in protocols (home use to ~4 weeks) and one arthroscopic- release series reports very good 3-year outcomes with a 4-week CPM rail plus PT, but CPM has never been shown superior to supervised PT alone. So: strong consensus on aggressive early motion; weak/equipoise evidence on which adjunct.

Splinting modality (Moderate — no clear winner)

Static-progressive, dynamic, serial-static and turnbuckle splinting all deliver low-load prolonged end-range stretch. The Lindenhovius RCT found no difference between dynamic orthoses and static-progressive splinting (similar DASH). Static-progressive (inelastic, patient-adjusted incremental torque) is the favoured modality for elbow flexion contractures. Reviews recommend the splinting program run for at least ~3 months post-operatively for optimal final ROM. Bracing alone can rival surgery for non-osseous stiffness with far lower neurovascular risk.

HO prophylaxis (Consensus — extrapolated evidence)

Indomethacin (commonly 25 mg TID, or 75–100 mg/day, for 3–6 weeks) ± single-dose perioperative radiotherapy is widely used after release, especially with HO excision or high-energy trauma. Most HO-prophylaxis RCT evidence is extrapolated from acetabular/hip surgery, not elbow-specific. Recurrent HO / arthrofibrosis responds to repeat excision + release.

Recovery trajectory and plateau (Moderate — cohort data)

Published series report patients reach their maximum arc of motion at a mean of ~16 weeks, with most recovery occurring between 6 weeks and 3 months, and maintained gains at ~15-month follow-up in large cohorts. Growth-mixture modelling found no pre-operative ROM threshold or factor reliably predicted the recovery trajectory — so all patients are counselled on the same ~16-week timeline pre-operatively.

Ulnar nerve (Consensus)

As flexion improves post-release, the ulnar nerve sees increased stress — there should be a low threshold for review, and for concomitant ulnar nerve decompression/transposition at the time of surgery. Tobacco use predicts poorer outcomes and higher complication rates after open arthrolysis.


Evidence strength flags (summary)

  • STRONG (consensus across case series/reviews): immediate aggressive active-assisted + passive motion from POD1 to hold the intra-operative arc — no protection phase.
  • MODERATE (RCT/cohort, equipoise): which adjunct is best — CPM vs PT vs delayed PT (SET-Study, no completed superiority data); splinting modality (Lindenhovius RCT: no difference dynamic vs static-progressive); ~16-week plateau and maintained gains (growth-mixture-modelling and large open-release cohorts).
  • CONSENSUS / EXTRAPOLATED: HO prophylaxis (indomethacin ± single-dose RT; most evidence extrapolated from acetabular/hip surgery); ≥3-month splinting program duration.

Overall topic flag: MODERATE — strong consensus on the principle (aggressive early motion + adjunct splinting + HO prophylaxis), weak/equipoise evidence on the specific adjunct.


CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • Sun Z, Wang W, Fan C. Tobacco use predicts poorer clinical outcomes and higher post-operative complication rates after open elbow arthrolysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2019.
  • Open elbow release for post-traumatic stiffness — growth-mixture-modelling cohort: maximum arc of motion at a mean of ~16 weeks, most recovery between 6 weeks and 3 months.
  • 103-patient open capsular release series — significant, maintained flexion/extension and supination/pronation arc gains at a mean of 15 months.
  • Papatheodorou LK, Sotereanos DG (University of Pittsburgh) — elbow contracture release techniques review.
  • Lindenhovius et al. RCT — no difference between dynamic orthoses and static-progressive splinting (cited within a retrieved review).
  • Retrieved technique text: indomethacin 25 mg TID for ~6 weeks for HO prophylaxis; CPM continued at home up to 4 weeks, full range 0–145° with a bolster behind the elbow.
  • Northwestern series — HO excision + contracture release: ROM gains and complications.
  • Arthroscopic release + 4-week CPM rail series — very good ROM, function and quality of life at a mean of 3 years.

Published protocols / reviews (URLs)

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i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.