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Volar y viajar después de la cirugía

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Qué considerar antes de viajar o tomar un avión tras una cirugía de miembro superior: el riesgo de formación de coágulos en viajes largos, la hinchazón y el molde rígido que puede apretar a mayor altitud, cuándo es seguro volar, y aspectos prácticos como los controles de seguridad en el aeropuerto, el equipaje y el seguro de viaje.

Una persona sentada en el aeropuerto con el brazo apoyado en un cabestrillo.
Viajar durante la recuperación: planifique con antelación para hacer frente a la hinchazón, el riesgo de coágulos y para verificar que está en condiciones de volar. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

La mayoría de las personas vuelven a viajar sin problemas tras una cirugía de miembro superior; en la práctica, una intervención reciente rara vez constituye motivo para cancelar un viaje por completo. No obstante, la cirugía sí implica algunos cambios, y un viaje largo (en especial un vuelo de larga distancia) requiere cierta planificación. A continuación se detallan los aspectos que merece la pena considerar antes de reservar o partir. Si alguno de ellos se aplica a usted, lo más seguro es consultarnos primero.

Coágulos en viajes largos

Permanecer sentado durante horas en un vuelo, tren o viaje en coche aumenta ligeramente el riesgo de que se forme un coágulo en las venas profundas de la pierna, lo que se conoce como trombosis venosa profunda o TVP. Haberse sometido a una cirugía recientemente también incrementa ese riesgo; por eso ambos factores merecen ser tomados en serio, especialmente en vuelos de más de cuatro horas aproximadamente.

La buena noticia es que las medidas para reducir el riesgo son sencillas y son las mismas que hacen cualquier viaje largo más cómodo:

  • Muévase con regularidad. Si puede, levántese y camine por el pasillo cada hora o dos; en un viaje en coche, pare para estirar las piernas.
  • Ejercite sus pantorrillas estando sentado. Mueva los tobillos hacia arriba y abajo, y gire los pies varias veces por hora. Esa es la función de los músculos de la pantorrilla: impulsar la sangre de vuelta hacia arriba por la pierna; esto es especialmente importante cuando no puede levantarse.
  • Manténgase bien hidratado y modere el consumo de alcohol y cafeína, ya que ambos provocan deshidratación.
  • A algunas personas se les recomienda usar calcetines de compresión para vuelos: consúltenos para saber si es su caso.

Tenemos una página aparte sobre cómo prevenir coágulos en casa tras una cirugía, donde se detallan los signos de alerta de una TVP y qué hacer al respecto. Vale la pena leerla antes de viajar, pues los mismos consejos son aplicables durante el trayecto.

Hinchazón, altitud y su escayola

La cabina de un avión está presurizada a un nivel equivalente a la altitud de una montaña, no al nivel del mar. Bajo esa presión más baja, los tejidos tienden a hincharse un poco; por eso, una mano o un brazo que ya está en proceso de curación puede hincharse más de lo habitual. Si lleva escayola, esa hinchazón no tiene por dónde salir, y la escayola puede empezar a sentirse más apretada durante el vuelo.

Esto es especialmente importante cuando la escayola es reciente. Una escayola de yeso nueva y completa, aplicada unos días antes de volar, quizá deba abrirse longitudinalmente para que pueda ensancharse ligeramente y dar cabida a la hinchazón. La mayoría de las aerolíneas exigen esto para escayolas recién puestas; además, es una medida preventiva sensata en cualquier caso. No dé por hecho que su escayola está lista para el vuelo: consulte con nuestro equipo antes de viajar, y nosotros la abriremos o le daremos las indicaciones necesarias.

Tanto si lleva escayola como si no, mantenga el brazo elevado durante el viaje, apoyándolo en la mesita plegable, en una chaqueta doblada o en un cabestrillo, para que el líquido drene hacia atrás en lugar de acumularse en la mano. Asimismo, conozca los signos de alerta de una escayola demasiado apretada: dolor creciente, entumecimiento, hormigueo, o dedos que se vuelven pálidos, fríos o azulados. Estos síntomas se detallan en nuestra página cuidado de la escayola; requieren atención inmediata, no al final del vuelo.

¿Cuánto tiempo después de la cirugía es seguro volar?

Esta es la pregunta que deben hacernos directamente, porque la respuesta honesta es que depende: de la intervención quirúrgica realizada, de si se aplicó anestesia general, de cómo evoluciona la recuperación y de la duración y distancia del viaje.

Como guía general, los primeros días o semanas posteriores a la cirugía o a la anestesia general son cuando se debe tener más precaución; los vuelos largos requieren una espera mayor que los trayectos cortos. En el caso de intervenciones más complejas, los cirujanos y las aerolíneas suelen recomendar evitar los viajes de larga distancia durante unas semanas antes y después de la operación. No obstante, estos son únicamente valores mínimos y reglas generales; su situación personal podría requerir un tiempo de espera distinto, ya sea mayor o menor.

Por ello, si planea volar poco después de la cirugía o si va a reservar un viaje de larga distancia, solicite nuestra autorización antes de fijar las fechas. Es una conversación breve y mucho más sencilla de mantener antes de comprar los pasajes que después.

Seguridad aeroportuaria y sus implantes

Si su intervención quirúrgica implicó el uso de metal (una placa, tornillos, alambres o algún implante pequeño), probablemente se pregunte cómo afectará esto a los escáneres del aeropuerto. En la práctica, los implantes utilizados en la mayoría de las cirugías de mano y extremidad superior son rara vez lo suficientemente grandes como para activar los detectores de seguridad (lo cual no ocurre con las prótesis articulares metálicas de gran tamaño). Por lo general, no es necesario disponer de una “tarjeta de implante” ni de una carta del médico para poder volar.

No obstante, si desea mayor tranquilidad, puede solicitarnos una breve nota con los detalles de su implante o llevar esa información consigo. En caso de que el escáner sí detecte algo, simplemente indique al agente de seguridad que se ha sometido a una cirugía; ellos manejan este tipo de situaciones habitualmente y le guiarán en el proceso.

Aspectos prácticos

Algunos detalles que facilitan el viaje después de la cirugía:

  • Planifique con equipaje que no pueda levantar. No podrá cargar, levantar ni arrastrar maletas con el brazo operado; por eso, empaque lo mínimo posible, utilice maletas con ruedas y consiga ayuda: maleteros, acompañantes o asistencia contratada a través de la aerolínea.
  • Proteja el brazo en multitudes. El cabestrillo no solo brinda soporte al brazo, sino que también indica a las personas a su alrededor que deben dejarle espacio en una terminal o cabina concurrida.
  • Informe a su aseguradora de viajes. Este paso no debe omitirse: comunique a su compañía de seguros de viajes que se ha sometido recientemente a una cirugía, incluyendo cualquier implante o procedimiento programado. No declarar una operación reciente podría dejarlo sin cobertura para cualquier problema relacionado, precisamente cuando más la necesitaría. Una breve llamada o una declaración online solucionan el asunto.
  • Lleve sus medicamentos (y cualquier analgésico) en el equipaje de mano, junto con una copia de la receta para viajes prolongados.

Consulte con nosotros antes de viajar o tomar un avión

Nada de esto pretende disuadirle de hacer un viaje. La mayoría de las personas viajan después de una cirugía sin ningún problema. Sin embargo, hay algunas situaciones en las que realmente vale la pena hablar brevemente con nosotros antes de partir:

  • planea tomar un avión poco después de la operación o de haber recibido anestesia general
  • tiene un vuelo de larga duración o un viaje largo por delante
  • lleva un yeso nuevo o completo, o no está seguro de si es necesario cortarlo antes de volar
  • ha tenido coágulos de sangre anteriormente, o tiene otros motivos para estar en un grupo de mayor riesgo

Una breve conversación nos permite adaptar las recomendaciones a su cirugía y a su viaje: cuándo es seguro volar, si su yeso requiere atención y cualquier aspecto específico relacionado con su recuperación. Si tiene dudas, llame a la consulta antes de hacer la reserva.


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