Skip to content

Patients › General-Health

Terapia con péptidos en medicina musculoesquelética

Injectable and regenerative peptide therapies in orthopaedics and sports medicine — what the evidence shows for tendon, cartilage and bone healing, and where the hype outpaces the data.

Updated Sep 2026
Una cadena molecular de péptidos junto a un frasco pequeño.
Las terapias con péptidos se promocionan ampliamente como medios para la cicatrización y la recuperación; sin embargo, la evidencia sobre su uso en el sistema musculoesquelético es limitada. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

¿Qué es?

La terapia con péptidos emplea pequeñas cadenas de componentes llamados péptidos, que el cuerpo produce naturalmente para transmitir señales entre las células. La idea es que dichas señales podrían ayudar a la cicatrización de tejidos dañados. En el ámbito de la medicina ósea y articular, la mayor parte de esta terapia se encuentra todavía en fase de investigación.

Actualmente, no existen pruebas que respalden el uso de péptidos inyectables para problemas ortopédicos o deportivos [1]. En gran medida, siguen siendo experimentales [2]. No se recomienda el uso de suplementos de péptidos como sustituto o complemento del tratamiento estándar [3]. Un péptido llamado BPC-157 se promociona ampliamente para la recuperación deportiva; sin embargo, no existen ensayos controlados aleatorizados en humanos [4], por lo que su eficacia y seguridad son desconocidas [4].

También es posible encontrar péptidos a la venta en internet y en redes sociales, a menudo con afirmaciones exageradas y escasa supervisión regulatoria [5]. Sea cauteloso ante lo que prometen estos productos.

Existe una excepción clara: dos factores de crecimiento, denominados BMP-2 y BMP-7, pueden recomendarse gracias a estudios de nivel I [6]. Los factores de crecimiento son sustancias naturales que estimulan el crecimiento y la especialización celular. BMP significa “proteína morfogenética ósea”; ambos están aprobados para tratar problemas específicos de curación ósea: fracturas tibiales abiertas tratadas mediante fijación intramedular y no unión ósea tibial, es decir, cuando el hueso de la espinilla no logra soldarse [7].

Se están investigando otros péptidos en el laboratorio. En modelos animales de desgarros del manguito rotador, el BMP-7 mejoró la calidad de la cicatrización entre tendón y hueso [8]; asimismo, un péptido llamado GHRP-2 también mejoró dichas propiedades de cicatrización [9]. Estos hallazgos representan pasos iniciales; por ahora, no constituyen tratamientos disponibles para los pacientes.

Su médico le explicará cualquier opción respaldada por pruebas sólidas y le informará claramente cuando algo siga siendo experimental.

¿Funciona?

En el caso de la mayoría de los péptidos, la respuesta honesta es que aún no lo sabemos. Faltan ensayos de buena calidad en humanos para muchos de estos tratamientos. Por ejemplo, el BPC-157 se promociona ampliamente para la recuperación deportiva, pero no existen ensayos controlados aleatorizados en personas [1]. Sin esos ensayos, no hay forma fiable de determinar si es útil o cuán seguro es.

Existe una excepción clara: la proteína morfogenética ósea, o BMP, es una sustancia natural que estimula el crecimiento de células óseas. Cuenta con dos usos aprobados: el tratamiento de fracturas abiertas de tibia fijadas con una barra metálica dentro del hueso, y el tratamiento de fracturas de tibia que no han sanado [2]. Se trata de situaciones muy específicas, no de usos generales.

Otros estudios aún se encuentran en fase de laboratorio. En estudios con animales, un péptido llamado BDNF aplicado en forma de gel mostró resultados prometedores para proteger el tejido nervioso tras lesiones graves de médula espinal [3]. Otro estudio analizó la combinación de un gel de péptidos con una técnica de reparación de cartílago en caballos, observándose una mejora en la cicatrización del cartílago [4]. Estos hallazgos representan pasos iniciales; lo que funciona en animales no siempre funciona en humanos, y estos tratamientos aún no forman parte de la atención médica habitual.

Existe otro dato relevante: dos péptidos producidos naturalmente por el cuerpo, llamados sustancia P y péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina, aparecen en cantidades mayores en tendones muy deteriorados [5]. Esto indica a los investigadores que dichos péptidos están vinculados a problemas tendinosos, pero no implica que su administración como tratamiento sea beneficiosa.

En resumen, la situación es variada: algunos péptidos cuentan con evidencia sólida en casos muy concretos; la mayoría no, y algunos se comercializan con afirmaciones que superan lo que la ciencia respalda. Si está considerando la terapia con péptidos, pregunte qué ensayos se han realizado en humanos y desconfíe de cualquier promesa que exceda lo que la investigación permite afirmar.

¿Cuáles son los riesgos?

En el caso de la mayoría de los tratamientos con péptidos, la respuesta honesta es que aún nadie conoce el panorama completo de riesgos. Los investigadores han afirmado claramente que faltan pruebas que respalden el uso de la terapia con péptidos en el cuidado de huesos y articulaciones [1]. En cuanto al BPC-157, no existen estudios científicos suficientes para determinar su seguridad ni cuándo debería emplearse [2]. Eso significa que los posibles efectos secundarios tampoco están bien documentados. Si utiliza un producto a base de péptidos vendido en línea, no puede saber con certeza qué contiene ni cómo reaccionará su cuerpo a él.

La información de seguridad más fiable proviene de los tratamientos con mayor respaldo científico. El BMP-2 y el BMP-7 son los únicos péptidos recomendados gracias a estudios de nivel I [3]; además, están aprobados para tratar dos problemas específicos de curación ósea [4]. Fuera de esos usos autorizados, los riesgos de otros péptidos en humanos no han sido estudiados adecuadamente.

Algunos datos provienen de investigaciones en animales, pero estos no permiten predecir qué ocurriría en el cuerpo humano. En estudios con ratas que padecían desgarros del manguito rotador, el BMP-7 mejoró la curación entre el tendón y el hueso [5], mientras que el GHRP-2 también favoreció dicha curación [6]. Un gel que contiene BDNF protegió el tejido nervioso en animales con lesiones medulares graves; sin embargo, estos animales no recuperaron la capacidad de moverse [7]. Se trata de etapas preliminares de investigación, no de pruebas de seguridad en personas.

Existe un único hallazgo limitado en humanos: un tratamiento llamado EGYFIL pareció reducir el dolor y la rigidez a las 3 horas de su primera aplicación, y durante los 3 días siguientes al tratamiento [8]. No obstante, el periodo de estudio fue breve, por lo que se desconocen los efectos a largo plazo.

El riesgo real no es solo físico. Los productos con péptidos vendidos en internet y en redes sociales suelen presentar afirmaciones exageradas y escasa supervisión [9]. Optar por ellos en lugar de tratamientos convencionales podría retrasar la aplicación de terapias respaldadas por evidencia científica. Si está considerando cualquier terapia con péptidos, pregunte qué ensayos clínicos se han realizado en humanos, qué efectos secundarios se han observado y si dicho tratamiento está aprobado para su condición específica.

¿Es adecuado para usted?

En la mayoría de los problemas óseos y articulares, la terapia con péptidos aún no está lista para formar parte de su tratamiento. La evidencia científica no respalda su uso por el momento [1]. Su médico le indicará claramente si un tratamiento sigue siendo experimental y le explicará las opciones que cuentan con sólos fundamentos investigativos.

Existe una excepción muy específica: en un tipo particular de daño cartilaginoso en la rodilla, un estudio demostró que tanto el tratamiento con un péptido llamado KLD como la técnica estándar de reparación cartilaginosa denominada microfractura mejoraron los síntomas en comparación con la ausencia de tratamiento [2]. Sin embargo, este hallazgo proviene de investigaciones preliminares, no de ensayos clínicos a gran escala. No significa, en absoluto, que los péptidos sean una solución general para articulaciones desgastadas o dañadas.

Entonces, ¿quién se beneficia de este tipo de tratamiento? Prácticamente nadie, por ahora, salvo en el marco de ensayos clínicos rigurosamente controlados y en las situaciones específicas de curación ósea descritas anteriormente. Si padece una lesión deportiva, un problema tendinoso o artritis por desgaste, la atención médica convencional cuenta con mucha más evidencia científica que cualquier producto a base de péptidos disponible en el mercado.

La decisión debe tomarse en conjunto. Plantee sus dudas a su médico: pregúntele qué ensayos se han realizado con este tratamiento, qué efectos secundarios se han observado y si está aprobado para su condición. Si la respuesta honesta es que aún no se sabe nada, esa información también es valiosa. La sección sobre riesgos anterior detalla lo que se conoce y lo que no se conoce respecto a su seguridad.

Conclusión

En la mayoría de los problemas óseos y articulares, aún no es recomendable recurrir a la terapia con péptidos. En la actualidad, no existen pruebas que respalden su uso en ortopedia y medicina deportiva [1]. Hay una excepción limitada: en un tipo específico de daño del cartílago de la rodilla, investigaciones preliminares demostraron que tanto el tratamiento con un péptido llamado KLD como la técnica estándar de reparación cartilaginosa denominada microfractura mejoraron los síntomas en comparación con la ausencia de tratamiento [2]. Si está considerando el uso de péptidos, mantenga expectativas realistas: la mayor parte de este campo sigue siendo experimental; además, el punto más importante a tener en cuenta es que muchos productos promocionados nunca han sido sometidos a ensayos clínicos adecuados en humanos.

Referencias

[1] Terapia con péptidos inyectables: Una introducción para médicos ortopédicos y de medicina deportiva. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251357593

[2] Péptidos inyectables en medicina deportiva: Una revisión narrativa estructurada sobre evidencia, seguridad e implicaciones antidopaje. JBJS Reviews. 2026. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.26.00027

[3] Suplementos de péptidos y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas en medicina deportiva. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465261464420

[4] Péptidos terapéuticos inyectables: ¿Un complemento para la medicina regenerativa y el rendimiento deportivo? Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005

[5] Artículo 32. Rendimiento y promesas: Un análisis en redes sociales sobre las supuestas indicaciones, riesgos y uso de los “péptidos” en la salud musculoesquelética. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/2325967126s00290

[6] Sistemas vehiculizadores y aplicación de factores de crecimiento en ortopedia. Injury. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(08)70014-7

[7] Aplicaciones clínicas de los factores de crecimiento en lesiones óseas: Experiencia con los BMP. Injury. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(13)70008-1

[8] Efectos del BMP-7 y de una solución de péptidos de bajo peso molecular en la cicatrización: Estudio histopatológico y biomecánico en ratas con rotura del manguito rotador. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.003

[9] El péptido liberador de hormona de crecimiento 2 podría estar asociado a una disminución en la producción de macrófagos M1 y a una mejora histológica y biomecánica en la cicatrización tendón-ósea en un modelo de rotura del manguito rotador en ratas. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094

[10] El hidrogel biofuncionalizado a base de péptidos, como soporte inyectable para la liberación de BDNF, puede mejorar la regeneración tras una lesión medular. Injury. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.027

[11] Mejora mediante microfractura con pretratamiento con tripsina y un soporte hidrogel de péptidos autoensamblables funcionalizados con factores de crecimiento en un modelo equino. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/03635465211021798

[12] La expresión de sustancia P y del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina se asocia a la gravedad de la degeneración tendinosa en la epicondilitis lateral. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2021. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04067-1

[13] Estudio clínico intervencionista, de brazo único y previo a la comercialización, de una nueva loción tópica a base de ácido hialurónico y péptidos, EGYFILTM, para tratar el dolor y la rigidez en tejidos blandos. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y

[14] Efectos de la combinación de microfractura y relleno con péptidos autoensamblables en la reparación de un defecto troclear clínicamente relevante en un modelo equino. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2014. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.m.01408


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

  • Injectable peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential [1].
  • There is a current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of injectable peptides [1].
  • Injectable peptides for sports medicine remain largely experimental [4].
  • Peptide supplements should not currently be recommended as a replacement or adjunct for existing orthopaedic standard of care due to the lack of robust efficacy and safety data [2].
  • Peptides are being widely advertised and sold through social media, often with exaggerated claims and minimal regulatory oversight [6].
  • Loss of function in musculoskeletal tissues initiates from either a failure of the cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) or as a consequence of material failure of the ECM itself [13].
  • Advances in the identification of candidate therapeutic cell populations and the development of new biomaterials have occurred over the last three decades to address degenerative processes in musculoskeletal tissues [13].
  • Therapeutic cell populations and new biomaterials can be applied alone or in combination to promote healing that alters the trajectory of disease or potentially replace an entire tissue when damage has progressed to later stages [13].
  • The use of BMP currently has two FDA-approved indications: treatment of open tibial fractures treated with intramedullary fixation and treatment of tibia long bone non-union [8].
  • Only BMP-2 and BMP-7 can be recommended based on level I studies [5].
  • GLP-1 agonists may not produce sufficient weight loss to achieve body mass index cutoffs for total joint arthroplasty depending on individual patient factors, including starting bodyweight [7].

How It Works

  • Peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential [1].
  • There is a current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of peptides in orthopaedic and sports medicine [1].
  • Robust efficacy and safety data for peptide supplements are currently lacking [2].
  • Peptide supplements should not currently be recommended as a replacement or adjunct for existing orthopaedic standard of care [2].
  • BMP-2 and BMP-7 are the only growth factors that can be recommended based on level I studies [5].
  • BMP currently has two FDA-approved indications: treatment of open tibial fractures treated with intramedullary fixation and treatment of tibia long bone non-union [8].
  • Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [9].
  • BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability in a rat rotator cuff tear model [10].
  • GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization and enhanced histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • Exosomes offer a promising cell-free alternative to mesenchymal stem cell therapies for upper-extremity tissue regeneration by overcoming limitations such as donor-site morbidity and tumorigenesis [12].
  • A better understanding of exosome mechanisms and standardized isolation methods is required before clinical application [12].

What the Evidence Shows

Current Clinical Status and Recommendations

  • Orthopaedic and sports medicine providers must understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of peptide therapy [1].
  • The use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery is not recommended because there are no randomized controlled trials investigating its use in human subjects [14].
  • The science is lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for BPC-157 in sports enhancement in athletes [14].

Regulatory and Commercial Context

  • Various materials are on the market for which no clinical or experimental long-term data on soft tissue or bone reaction is available [18].

Specific Peptide Applications and Outcomes

  • EGYFIL is safe and seems to reduce pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment, already after 3 h from the first application [15].
  • Treatment of trochlear defects with only KLD or with only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment in an equine model [17].
  • Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using trypsin pretreatment and growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes in an equine model [9].

Adjunctive Therapies

Practical Considerations

  • Orthopaedic and sports medicine providers must understand the current lack of evidence supporting the clinical use of peptide therapies [1].
  • Peptides are widely advertised and sold through social media, often with exaggerated claims and minimal regulatory oversight [6].
  • Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using trypsin pretreatment and growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [9].

Key Evidence

  • [L5] While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides. [1] (10.1177/03635465251357593)
  • [L5] Because of the lack of robust efficacy and safety data, peptide supplements should not currently be recommended as a replacement or adjunct for existing orthopaedic standard of care. [2] (10.1177/03635465261464420)
  • [L5] Injectable peptides for sports medicine remain largely experimental. [4] (10.2106/jbjs.rvw.26.00027)
  • [Paper] Today only BMP-2 and BMP-7 can be recommended based on level I studies. [5] (10.1016/s0020-1383(08)70014-7)
  • [Paper] Peptides are being widely advertised and sold through social media, often with exaggerated claims and minimal regulatory oversight. [6] (10.1177/2325967126s00290)
  • [Paper] While efficacious, GLP-1 agonists may not produce sufficient weight loss to achieve body mass index cutoffs for total joint arthroplasty depending on individual patient factors, including starting bodyweight. [7] (10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00167)
  • [Paper] The use of BMP currently has two FDA-approved indications: treatment of open tibial fractures treated with intramedullary fixation and treatment of tibia long bone non-union. [8] (10.1016/s0020-1383(13)70008-1)
  • [L5] Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those presented in this study, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes. [9] (10.1177/03635465211021798)
  • [L5] BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability. [10] (10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.003)
  • [L5] GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization and enhanced histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model. [11] (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094)
  • [L5] Exosomes offer a promising cell-free alternative to mesenchymal stem cell therapies for upper-extremity tissue regeneration by overcoming limitations such as donor-site morbidity and tumorigenesis, though a better understanding of their mechanisms and standardized isolation methods is required before clinical application. [12] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.11.016)
  • [L5] The authors do not recommend the use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery because there are no randomized controlled trials investigating its use in human subjects, and the science is clearly lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for sports enhancement in athletes. [14] (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005)
  • [L4] EGYFIL is safe and seems to reduce pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment, already after 3 h from the first application. [15] (10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y)
  • [L5] Treatment of defects with only KLD or with only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment; the improvement likely resulted from different causes depending on the treatment. [17] (10.2106/jbjs.m.01408)
  • [Paper] However, various materials are on the market for which no clinical or experimental long-term data on soft tissue or bone reaction is available. [18] (10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00128-6)

References

[1] Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251357593

[2] Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465261464420

[4] Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. JBJS Reviews. 2026. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.26.00027

[5] Carrier systems and application of growth factors in orthopaedics. Injury. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(08)70014-7

[6] Paper 32. Performance & Promises: A Social Media Review of Alleged Indications, Risks and Usage of “Peptides” in Musculoskeletal Health. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/2325967126s00290

[7] Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists. JBJS Reviews. 2024. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00167

[8] Clinical applications of growth factors in bone injuries: Experience with BMPs. Injury. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(13)70008-1

[9] Microfracture Augmentation With Trypsin Pretreatment and Growth Factor–Functionalized Self-assembling Peptide Hydrogel Scaffold in an Equine Model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/03635465211021798

[10] Effects of BMP-7 and Low Molecular Weight Peptide Solution on Healing in a Rotator Cuff Tear Model: A Histopathological and Biomechanical Study in Rats. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.003

[11] Growth Hormone–Releasing Peptide 2 May Be Associated With Decreased M1 Macrophage Production and Increased Histologic and Biomechanical Tendon‐Bone Healing Properties in a Rat Rotator Cuff Tear Model. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094

[12] The Role of Exosomes in Upper-Extremity Tissue Regeneration. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.11.016

[13] Orthopaedic Basic Science Fifth Edition Print Ebook. Cells and Materials for Soft-Tissue Repair and Regeneration > Introduction.

[14] Injectable Therapeutic Peptides—An Adjunct to Regenerative Medicine and Sports Performance?. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005

[15] A pre-market interventional, single-arm clinical investigation of a new topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, EGYFILTM, for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y

[17] Effects of the Combination of Microfracture and Self-Assembling Peptide Filling on the Repair of a Clinically Relevant Trochlear Defect in an Equine Model. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2014. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.m.01408

[18] Biodegradable implants in soft tissue refixation: Experimental evaluation, clinical experience, and future needs. Injury. 2002. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00128-6

Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.