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Cómo masajear, proteger y vigilar una cicatriz quirúrgica durante los meses que tarda en madurar.

Updated May 2026
Ilustración de dedos masajeando una cicatriz quirúrgica ya curada en el antebrazo.
Masaje de la cicatriz para ablandar y asentar una cicatriz quirúrgica ya curada. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

Una cicatriz es el registro que deja el cuerpo de una lesión. Una vez que la herida se ha cerrado, la cicatriz sigue evolucionando durante 6–12 meses. Prestar algo de atención durante esos primeros meses marca una gran diferencia en cuanto a su suavidad, planicidad y tonalidad final.

Cómo madura una cicatriz

Durante las primeras 2–3 semanas, la herida sigue cerrándose: déjela en paz, manténgala seca y siga los consejos de cuidado de la herida.

A partir de las 3 semanas aproximadamente, la herida queda cerrada y la cicatriz entra en una fase de remodelación. En ese momento será elevada, rosada y firme; esto es normal. En los siguientes 6–12 meses, el cuerpo reemplaza gradualmente el colágeno desordenado y producido de forma apresurada en la fase inicial por fibras más fuertes y ordenadas. La cicatriz se aplana, ablanda y pierde color. Las cicatrices más antiguas en su cuerpo, de las que ya ni se percata, pasaron por el mismo proceso.

Cuándo y cómo masajear

Una vez que la herida esté completamente cerrada y se hayan desprendido todas las costras (normalmente al final de la semana 3), un masaje suave ayuda a que el tejido subyacente se deslice libremente y rompe las bandas restrictivas.

  • Use un humectante sencillo y sin fragancia: sorboleno, crema de vitamina E o cualquier otro que ya tenga. Las “cremas para cicatrices” de marca también son adecuadas, pero no son mejores que un humectante básico.
  • Aplique presión suficiente para mover la piel sobre el tejido más profundo; no se trata simplemente de deslizarla sobre la superficie. La cicatriz debería palidecer al presionar.
  • Dos minutos, dos veces al día, durante unos tres meses.
  • Realice el masaje con pequeños círculos o de un lado a otro a lo largo de la línea de la cicatriz.

Si durante la primera o segunda semana el masaje resulta incómodo, es normal; la cicatriz está sensible. Si el dolor es realmente intenso, deténgase y vuelva a intentarlo al día siguiente.

Geles y láminas de silicona

La silicona es el único producto de venta libre que cuenta con buenas evidencias que demuestran su eficacia para ablandar las cicatrices y reducir la probabilidad de que se formen cicatrices hipertróficas. Es especialmente útil cuando la cicatriz empieza a verse elevada, roja o a provocar picor a las 6–8 semanas.

Puede adquirir gel de silicona (se aplica con pincel, se seca en segundos, dos veces al día) o láminas de silicona (se colocan sobre la cicatriz; se usan durante todo el día o por la noche) en cualquier farmacia. Úselos durante 8–12 semanas. Interrumpa su uso si aparece alguna erupción dermatológica debida al adhesivo.

Protección solar

Una cicatriz reciente se pigmenta más que la piel normal. La exposición a los rayos UV durante los primeros 12 meses puede hacer que la cicatriz permanezca permanentemente más oscura que la piel circundante. Cubra la cicatriz con ropa o aplique un protector solar con alto SPF cada vez que quede expuesta: en la playa, durante una caminata larga, o incluso al conducir con el brazo cerca de la ventanilla.

¿Qué es normal y qué no lo es?

Normal: de color rosado, firme, ligeramente elevado; a veces produce picazón y es más sensible que la piel circundante. Mejora lentamente a lo largo de varios meses.

Cicatriz hipertrófica: elevada, rojiza y gruesa, pero se mantiene dentro de los límites de la herida original. Suele causar picazón. En la mayoría de los casos mejora con el uso de silicona y con el paso del tiempo. Si le resulta molesta, podemos aplicarle una inyección de esteroides.

Cicatriz queloide: crece más allá de los bordes originales de la herida, adoptando una forma similar a una burbuja. Es poco frecuente en las extremidades superiores. Es más común en personas con piel oscura y en la parte frontal del tórax, lóbulos de las orejas o hombros. Si usted tiene antecedentes de queloides, indíquelo antes de la cirugía para que podamos planificarla adecuadamente.

Llámenos si

  • La cicatriz se pone roja, caliente, hinchada o vuelve a supurar (esto suele indicar una infección tardía más que un problema relacionado con la cicatriz).
  • Se vuelve visiblemente más gruesa o ancha después de las primeras 6 semanas.
  • Presenta picor intenso que no mejora con el uso de silicona y crema hidratante.
  • Se engancha o se desgarra con el uso normal (en ocasiones, una cicatriz tensa que atraviesa una articulación necesita ser liberada).

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