Skip to content

Patients › Rehabilitation

Dedo en martillo

Un plan de recuperación mediante férula para el dedo en martillo: se mantiene la articulación distal del dedo completamente recta y sin interrupción durante unas seis a ocho semanas, para permitir la cicatrización del tendón extensor; mientras tanto, las demás articulaciones del dedo pueden moverse libremente.

Ilustración de un dedo en martillo: la punta misma del dedo cuelga hacia abajo y no puede enderezarse, mientras que la articulación media permanece intacta.
En el dedo en martillo, el tendón extensor terminal se desprende en la última articulación (la DIP); por ello, la punta del dedo queda caída y no puede estirarse activamente. El tratamiento consiste en inmovilizar dicha articulación en posición recta de forma continua mientras cicatriza. Holly Cheng / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

Este protocolo le guiará en su recuperación de un dedo en martillo (una deformidad en la punta del dedo provocada por una lesión en el tendón que endereza la última articulación del dedo), bajo el cuidado del Dr. Kieran Hirpara en el Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. La mayoría de los casos de dedo en martillo se tratan sin cirugía, mediante el uso de una férula que mantiene la punta del dedo recta mientras cicatriza. El proceso comienza con un programa de ejercicios en casa, seguido del protocolo clínico estructurado que se ha diseñado para su terapeuta de mano. Lleve esta página o su versión en PDF a su primera sesión de terapia para garantizar que la rehabilitación se realice de manera coordinada. Su terapeuta podría modificar el plan según el progreso de su recuperación.

Si tiene alguna duda respecto al dedo, a la piel bajo la férula o a su evolución, no dude en contactar con el consultorio. A menudo resulta útil tomar una fotografía y enviarla por correo electrónico para su revisión.

Qué esperar

El dedo en martillo se produce cuando el tendón extensor terminal (el tendón delgado encargado de enderezar la última articulación del dedo, la DIP situada junto a la uña) se desprende del hueso. Generalmente ocurre tras una flexión forzada de la punta del dedo, como cuando se golpea con una pelota o se da un golpe que “atrapa” el extremo del dedo. En algunos casos el tendón arranca consigo un pequeño fragmento óseo (dedo en martillo óseo); en otros, el tendón se desgarra por sí solo (dedo en martillo tendinoso). En cualquier caso, el resultado es el mismo: la punta del dedo queda caída y no se puede enderezar por sí mismo, aunque el resto del dedo funcione normalmente.

La buena noticia es que esta lesión sana con gran fiabilidad únicamente mediante el uso de una férula; para la mayoría de las personas no se requiere cirugía. Todo el tratamiento se basa en un único principio sencillo:

  • La articulación de la punta del dedo debe mantenerse completamente recta, sin interrupción, mientras el tendón sana. La férula mantiene la última articulación recta (o ligeramente flexionada hacia atrás) para que los extremos desgarrados puedan unirse. Esta férula se lleva todo el tiempo (día y noche) durante unas ocho semanas en caso de dedo en martillo tendinoso, o unas seis semanas si se trata de un dedo en martillo óseo.
  • Durante este período, la punta del dedo no debe doblarse bajo ninguna circunstancia. Si la punta se dobla aunque sea brevemente (por ejemplo, al cambiar la férula o al lavarse), el proceso de curación se interrumpe y hay que volver a empezar desde cero. Por este motivo, la precisión con la que se mantenga la punta recta es el factor más importante para una buena recuperación del dedo.
  • Las demás articulaciones del dedo deben permanecer libres y moverse con normalidad. La articulación intermedia (PIP) y la articulación metacarpofalángica (MCP) quedan fuera de la férula y deben moverse libremente desde el principio; moverlas no interfiere en la curación de la punta.

Una vez transcurrido el período de uso continuo, la férula se va retirando gradualmente (primero solo por la noche o al realizar actividades de riesgo, y luego por completo), mientras se empieza a flexionar poco a poco la punta del dedo. Es normal quedar una ligera flexión permanente de unos cinco a diez grados; esto es esperable, normalmente no afecta al funcionamiento del dedo, y la mayoría de las personas quedan muy satisfechas con el resultado.

Precauciones y limitaciones

  • NUNCA permita que la punta del dedo se doble durante la fase de inmovilización; ni siquiera por un segundo al lavarse o al cambiar la férula. Si se dobla, el proceso de curación se reinicia y el período de inmovilización vuelve a comenzar.
  • Use la férula todo el tiempo (día y noche) durante el período indicado por su terapeuta: aproximadamente 8 semanas para un martillo tendinoso, unas 6 semanas para un martillo óseo.
  • Solo retire la férula para limpiar y secar la piel, y únicamente si puede mantener la punta del dedo completamente recta en todo momento (apóyela plana sobre una mesa o sostenla recta con la otra mano).
  • Mantenga la articulación media y el nudillo en movimiento desde el inicio; solo la última articulación debe permanecer inmóvil.
  • Revise la piel a diario. Informe a su terapeuta de la mano si la piel sobre la parte superior de la articulación se vuelve pálida, blanca o dolorosa; es posible que la férula esté manteniendo la punta del dedo demasiado hacia atrás y necesite ajustes.
  • No comience a doblar la punta del dedo hasta que su terapeuta inicie la fase de desacostumbramiento a la férula.

Para el cuidado de heridas, la reducción de la hinchazón y el manejo de la piel, consulte las pautas de cuidado de heridas de nuestra consulta.

Sus ejercicios

Estos son los ejercicios que aparecen en su folleto informativo. El “ejercicio” más importante de todos es, sencillamente, usar la férula correctamente y mantener la punta del dedo recta en todo momento; todo lo demás se basa en eso. Al principio, su tarea consiste en mantener la férula puesta, conservar la salud de la piel y asegurar que las demás articulaciones de los dedos se muevan libremente. Los ejercicios suaves de flexión de la punta del dedo y de estiramiento controlado corresponden a la fase posterior de deshabituación y no deben iniciarse hasta que su terapeuta de mano los indique específicamente. Si algún ejercicio hace que la punta del dedo se doble, interrúmalo de inmediato y vuelva a usar la férula de forma continua.

Su protocolo clínico

El resto de esta página describe el protocolo clínico por etapas para la rehabilitación mediante férula del dedo en martillo. Esta sección debe entregarse al terapeuta de mano; cada fase comienza con una explicación sencilla en lenguaje coloquial de lo que ocurre. La cicatrización depende de una extensión continua de la articulación DIP: el tendón terminal (o el fragmento óseo desprendido) solo se une si durante el período de inmovilización la DIP no se flexiona en ningún momento; en cambio, las articulaciones PIP y MCP deben permanecer libres, pues su movimiento no interfiere en la cicatrización del tendón terminal. El cumplimiento del paciente es el factor determinante del resultado.

Antes de iniciar el tratamiento, confirme si el dedo en martillo se debe a una lesión tendinosa o ósea y revise las imágenes diagnósticas. Se emplea una ortesis de extensión para la DIP: de tipo Stack, termoplástica o de espuma de aluminio volar/dorsal; el tipo de férula no influye significativamente en el resultado, por lo que se debe elegir según el ajuste, la tolerancia cutánea y el cumplimiento del paciente. Mantenga la DIP en extensión total o con una ligera hiperextensión, pero EVITE una hiperextensión excesiva (riesgo de palidez o úlceras en la piel dorsal). En casos de dedo en martillo óseo, es preferible mantener la DIP en posición neutra o recta en lugar de hiperextenderla, para evitar la subluxación volar de la falange distal. La articulación PIP siempre debe quedar libre.

Fase I: inmovilización continua mediante férula de extensión a tiempo completo (semanas 0 a 6/8)

La articulación de la punta del dedo se mantiene continuamente en extensión, día y noche, para permitir la cicatrización del tendón o del fragmento óseo. La férula solo se retira para el cuidado de la piel, y siempre manteniendo la articulación DIP en extensión; cualquier episodio aislado de flexión de la DIP reinicia el proceso de cicatrización. Las articulaciones PIP y MCP pueden moverse libremente.

Para su terapeuta de mano:

Instrucciones y precauciones - Coloque una ortesis de extensión para la DIP (tipo Stack, termoplástica o de espuma de aluminio), asegurándose de que la DIP quede en extensión completa o con una ligera hiperextensión; evite una hiperextensión excesiva (puede causar palidez cutánea o úlceras); en caso de fractura ósea tipo “mallet”, la posición debe ser recta/neutral, nunca hiperextendida (riesgo de subluxación). - Uso continuo: aproximadamente 8 semanas para lesiones tendinosas y 6 semanas para lesiones óseas; durante este período la DIP no debe flexionarse bajo ninguna circunstancia. - Enseñe al paciente una técnica para cambiar la férula sobre una superficie plana, de modo que la DIP nunca quede en posición de flexión; si el paciente no puede mantener la extensión, el terapeuta realizará el cambio. - Las articulaciones PIP y MCP deben permanecer libres y ser movilizadas activamente desde el primer día.

Manejo clínico - Piel: inspección diaria del dorso de la DIP y del pliegue ungueal; ajuste la ortesis si aparece palidez o presión excesiva; mantenga la zona limpia y seca. - Edema: elevación de la mano; movilización suave de las articulaciones proximales. - Ejercicios: realizar movimientos activos completos de las articulaciones PIP y MCP; no se permite ningún movimiento de la DIP. - Fractura ósea tipo “mallet”: mantener vigilancia radiográfica durante el uso de la férula (alineación/subluxación), ya que la inmovilización es tan eficaz como la fijación con clavos para corregir la retracción extensora; sin embargo, es imprescindible monitorizar la posición del fragmento óseo.

Criterios para avanzar a la fase siguiente - Transcurrido el período completo de inmovilización (aproximadamente 8 semanas para lesiones tendinosas / 6 semanas para lesiones óseas), sin retracción extensora de la DIP por encima de los límites aceptables, y con la piel en buen estado.

Fase II: reducción del uso de la férula y comienzo de movilización controlada de la articulación DIP (semanas 6/8, y luego de 2 a 6 semanas más)

Una vez finalizado el período de uso continuo de la férula y siempre que no exista retraso en la extensión, o este sea aceptable, se reduce el uso de la férula a solo por las noches y durante actividades de alto riesgo, mientras se inicia una flexión controlada y suave de la articulación DIP. El uso nocturno de la férula puede considerarse opcional (un estudio de nivel I determinó que no es esencial) y se emplea según sea necesario. Si vuelve a aparecer un retraso significativo en la extensión, el paciente debe volver a usar la férula de extensión de forma continua.

Para su terapeuta de mano:

Evaluaciones - Retraso en la extensión activa de la articulación DIP (en grados) y flexión activa; estado de la piel; nivel de confianza del paciente al sacar la punta de los dedos de la férula

Instrucciones y precauciones - Reducir el uso de la férula a solo por las noches y durante actividades de alto riesgo durante unas 2 a 6 semanas más; el uso nocturno es opcional según la evidencia actual. - Si el retraso en la extensión supera los 20° tras dejar de usar la férula, se debe reanudar el uso continuo de la férula de extensión durante unas 4 a 6 semanas.

Manejo - Ejercicios: iniciar una flexión activa de la articulación DIP, suave y progresiva (empezando con un rango pequeño) y una extensión activa controlada de la DIP (estabilizando la articulación PIP mientras se extiende la DIP); aumentar gradualmente el rango de flexión según lo permita el retraso en la extensión. - Reducir el uso diurno de la férula una vez que la articulación DIP mantenga la extensión activamente, sin retraso o con un retraso aceptable (≤10–20°). - Continuar con la movilización completa de las articulaciones PIP y MCP; cuidado de la cicatriz y la piel según sea necesario. - Los dedos en martillo crónicos o diagnosticados tardíamente también responden al uso de férulas de extensión; el inicio tardío del tratamiento no constituye una contraindicación.

Criterios para avanzar a la siguiente fase - La articulación DIP mantiene la extensión activamente con un retraso aceptable; se ha recuperado una flexión controlada y sin dolor; la piel permanece intacta.

Fase III — Fortalecimiento y reincorporación (aproximadamente de la semana 8 a la 12)

Una vez que el tendón ha cicatrizado y se ha recuperado el movimiento activo, se retira por completo el splint y se inicia un programa gradual de fortalecimiento y reincorporación a las actividades. Se espera una ligera limitación permanente en la extensión (promedio de ~8°), lo cual es compatible con un resultado funcional excelente.

Para su terapeuta de mano:

Evaluaciones - Limitación en la extensión activa y rango de flexión en la articulación DIP; fuerza de agarre; grado de preparación para la carga y la práctica deportiva

Educación y precauciones - Uso diario sin splint; uso de splint protector durante la práctica de deportes de contacto durante la reincorporación - Informar al paciente de que una limitación residual de ~5–10° en la extensión es normal y no afecta su satisfacción con el resultado

Manejo - Ejercicios: fortalecimiento gradual de la fuerza de agarre y pinza; recuperación completa del rango de movimiento de los dedos; progresión adaptada a tareas y deportes específicos - La reincorporación a deportes o trabajos pesados se realiza entre las semanas 8 y 12, según criterios clínicos (con uso de splint protector en deportes de contacto) - El alta se concede cuando la fuerza y la función son adecuadas y la limitación en la extensión se mantiene estable; se remitirá nuevamente al paciente si dicha limitación persiste o reaparece.

Volver al trabajo y a las actividades cotidianas

El uso moderado de la mano con férula es aceptable desde el principio: la férula se mantiene puesta, la punta del dedo permanece recta y puede utilizar la mano para tareas diarias dentro de esos límites. Por lo general, una férula pequeña para la punta del dedo no impide conducir una vez que pueda agarrar el volante y controlar el vehículo de forma segura; sin embargo, consulte este punto con el Dr. Hirpara en su revisión médica. La capacidad de agarre y la fuerza se van recuperando a partir de las seis a ocho semanas, a medida que se va retirando la férula. El regreso a deportes y trabajos manuales más exigentes suele ocurrir entre las ocho y doce semanas, evaluándose según la recuperación de un movimiento controlado y no únicamente en función del tiempo transcurrido; durante ese periodo, se debe usar una férula protectora en deportes de contacto. Es normal que la punta del dedo presente una ligera inclinación permanente de unos cinco a diez grados; esto no afecta el funcionamiento de la mano y la mayoría de las personas apenas lo notan.

Después de seguir este protocolo

Este protocolo se complementa con las recomendaciones generales de recuperación que brinda la clínica; consulte control del dolor postoperatorio, cuidado de la herida y cuidado de las cicatrices. El plan por fases descrito anteriormente se basa en las guías publicadas para el uso de férulas en casos de dedo en martillo; su recuperación continua será supervisada individualmente por el Dr. Hirpara y su terapeuta de mano, según la evolución de su punta del dedo.

Nota: si su dedo en martillo se corrige mediante cirugía

En la mayoría de los casos, el dedo en martillo no requiere intervención quirúrgica. La cirugía solo se considera en casos de dedo en martillo óseo, cuando la fractura afecta a una gran parte de la superficie articular (más de un tercio aproximadamente) o cuando la última falange se desplaza de su posición normal (subluxación volar). Cuando se realiza la fijación, lo habitual es utilizar alambres de K tipo bloque de extensión (método Ishiguro); a veces se coloca además un alambre temporal a través de la articulación distal del dedo para mantenerlo recto. Este alambre suele permanecer en su lugar entre cuatro y seis semanas, y se retira al cabo de ese tiempo; a partir de entonces se inicia el movimiento activo del dedo, y puede usarse un splint nocturno durante otras cuatro semanas aproximadamente. La evidencia clínica indica que el uso de splintes produce resultados no inferiores a los obtenidos con la fijación con alambres en cuanto al grado final de corrección de la deformidad; por ello, la cirugía se reserva únicamente para las situaciones mencionadas anteriormente y no se emplea de forma rutinaria.


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Mallet Finger — Injury Outcomes & Splint-Led Rehabilitation (Terminal Extensor Tendon, DIP)

Topic scope: non-operative (and, where indicated, post-fixation) management of a mallet finger — disruption of the terminal extensor tendon at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, either purely tendinous or with an avulsion bony fragment (bony mallet). This is a healing injury, not a reconstruction: the entire treatment is uninterrupted DIP extension splinting that holds the tendon (or fragment) in apposition while it unites, with the PIP and MCP left free.

Defining principle of the rehab here: the terminal extensor tendon heals only if the DIP is held in continuous extension and is never allowed to flex during the splinting period. Any single lapse into DIP flexion separates the healing ends and restarts the healing clock, which is why patient compliance is the dominant outcome driver. The PIP is deliberately kept mobile because proximal-joint motion does not disturb terminal-tendon healing. Splint type (Stack, thermoplastic, volar/dorsal alumifoam) does not materially change the outcome — fit, skin tolerance and compliance matter more than the device. The single branch point is the bony mallet with a large articular fragment or DIP volar subluxation, where surgical fixation is considered; even there, splinting is non-inferior to pinning for the final extensor lag, so operation is reserved rather than routine.


A. INJURY OUTCOMES (tendinous vs bony mallet; splinting vs fixation)

Mallet finger is one of the most reliably treated closed tendon injuries in the hand: the great majority heal well with splinting alone, and the principal debate is over the bony mallet — when, if ever, to fix it.

  • Continuous extension splinting is the standard of care and works well for both tendinous and bony mallets, including chronic and delayed presentations, which still respond to splinting weeks after injury [Valdes systematic review LoE 1a; Salazar Botero review; Medscape; StatPearls]. Strong (SR + reviews).
  • Splint type makes no meaningful outcome difference. A randomised comparison of splint designs found no superiority of one orthosis over another; the determinant is uninterrupted DIP extension and compliance, not the device [Pike RCT]. Strong (RCT).
  • Splinting is non-inferior to extension-block pinning for the final extensor lag. A randomised trial comparing conservative extension splinting with operative extension-block K-wiring for bony mallet found no advantage to pinning in the residual lag, supporting non-operative management as the default even for many bony mallets [Thillemann RCT]. Strong (RCT).
  • Surgery is reserved for the large bony fragment or subluxating DIP. Operative fixation is considered when the fracture involves a large part of the articular surface (often cited as

    ~30%) or there is volar subluxation of the distal phalanx; common techniques are extension-block (Ishiguro) K-wiring with or without a trans-articular DIP pin. Single-K-wire constructs perform less well in non-compliant settings [Aksan; Salazar Botero; Medscape]. Moderate.

  • Stack splints can subluxate a bony mallet. Volar-based Stack-type orthoses holding the DIP in hyperextension can displace a bony-mallet fragment / promote subluxation, which is why a straight/neutral DIP is preferred for bony mallets rather than hyperextension [Kaplan]. Moderate (mechanistic/clinical).
  • The underlying mechanism is a terminal tendon avulsion at the distal phalanx. Anatomical and injury studies characterise the lesion as avulsion of the terminal extensor at its distal-phalanx insertion, and a very small amount of tendon lengthening translates into a large extensor lag — roughly 1 mm of lengthening ≈ 25° of lag — which is the biomechanical reason apposition must be maintained so strictly [Tuttle; Yeh; PMC current concepts]. Mechanistic.

B. REHABILITATION / THERAPY EVIDENCE

The central rehab questions are (1) how long and how strictly to splint, (2) whether the PIP should be included, and (3) whether night-time and post-splinting splinting are needed. The evidence supports uninterrupted full-time DIP extension splinting (~6–8 weeks) with the PIP free, followed by a weaning phase, and downgrades routine night-splinting to optional.

  • Uninterrupted DIP extension is the active ingredient; the PIP must stay free. Splinting holds the DIP in full extension (or slight hyperextension) continuously; the PIP and MCP are mobilised from the outset because proximal-joint motion does not load the terminal tendon. Full-time wear is about 8 weeks for tendinous and 6 weeks for bony mallets [Valdes SR 1a; Salazar Botero; StatPearls; Physiopedia]. Strong (SR + guideline-level reviews).
  • Compliance is the dominant outcome driver. Because any DIP flexion restarts healing, outcome tracks adherence to continuous extension more than any device choice; patient education and a safe flat-surface splint-change technique are central [Valdes SR; Cook BAHT survey of therapist practice]. Strong (mechanism + practice consensus).
  • Avoid excessive hyperextension. Holding the DIP in marked hyperextension risks dorsal-skin blanching and pressure ulceration over the joint; slight hyperextension or neutral is sufficient, and bony mallets should be held straight/neutral to avoid fragment subluxation [Azad dorsal splinting outcomes; Kaplan]. Moderate.
  • Night-time splinting after the full-time phase is non-essential (optional). A Level-I study found that continued night-splinting after the primary full-time period was not essential to the result, so the ~2–6 week post-splinting night/risky-activity phase is framed as optional and pragmatic rather than mandatory [Valdes SR 1a evidence base]. Moderate (Level I within SR).
  • Recurrent lag responds to re-splinting. If an extensor lag (>~20°) recurs after the splinting period, a further ~4–6 weeks of full-time extension splinting is appropriate; chronic/delayed mallets likewise still respond [Salazar Botero; Medscape; StatPearls]. Moderate.
  • A small residual extensor lag is the expected, satisfactory result. Most patients are left with a slight permanent lag (mean ~8°, typically 5–10°) that does not impair function or satisfaction; this should be counselled as normal rather than as failure [Salazar Botero; PMC current concepts; Physiopedia]. Moderate–strong (natural history).

Recovery trajectory (expected, evidence-anchored)

Phase Window Restraint Hand use / therapy focus Strength / load Notes
I — Continuous DIP extension splinting Week 0–6/8 (bony ~6, tendinous ~8) DIP held continuously extended; never flex the DIP Full-time extension orthosis (Stack/thermoplastic/alumifoam); flat-surface splint changes only; PIP + MCP moved freely from day 1; daily dorsal-skin checks No DIP loading; light splinted hand use Any DIP flexion resets the clock; bony mallet held straight/neutral + radiographic surveillance
II — Weaning & controlled DIP motion +2–6 weeks after full-time phase Night / high-risk-activity splinting (night wear optional) Begin gentle graded active DIP flexion + blocked active DIP extension; reduce day wear once lag ≤10–20° Light functional load Lag >20° recurring → re-splint full-time ~4–6 wk; chronic mallets still respond
III — Strengthening & return From ~week 8–12 None (protective splint for contact sport) Splint-free use; graded grip/pinch strengthening; full ROM; sport-/work-specific progression Grip/strength built up; driving once able to grip the wheel safely Expect ~5–10° permanent lag (mean ~8°) — normal, satisfaction preserved

(Phase windows mirror the precautions in the patient protocol; they are typical guides, not trial-derived deadlines.)


C. KEY CONTROVERSIES / EVIDENCE QUALITY

  1. Splint type. Stack vs thermoplastic vs volar/dorsal alumifoam — randomised data show no meaningful outcome difference; the determinant is uninterrupted extension and compliance, not the device [Pike RCT]. Strong evidence of equivalence.
  2. Splinting vs operative fixation for bony mallet. Randomised data show extension splinting is non-inferior to extension-block pinning for the residual lag; surgery is reserved for the large articular fragment (>~30%) or volar DIP subluxation, not used routinely [Thillemann RCT; Aksan; Salazar Botero]. Strong (RCT) for non-inferiority; moderate for the fixation indications.
  3. Hyperextension vs neutral. Slight hyperextension aids tendinous apposition but excessive hyperextension risks dorsal-skin ischaemia/ulcer, and in bony mallets can subluxate the fragment — hence straight/neutral for bony mallets [Azad; Kaplan]. Moderate.
  4. Is night-splinting necessary? A Level-I study found continued night-splinting after the full-time phase non-essential; the post-splinting phase is therefore optional/pragmatic rather than mandatory [Valdes SR 1a]. Moderate.
  5. Residual lag as expected outcome, not failure. A small permanent lag (mean ~8°) is the norm and is compatible with full function and satisfaction; mislabelling it as failure drives unnecessary intervention [Salazar Botero; PMC current concepts]. Strong natural-history data.

D. EVIDENCE STRENGTH FLAGS (summary)

  • STRONG (RCT / SR): uninterrupted DIP extension splinting as standard of care (6–8 wk full-time, tendinous ~8 / bony ~6); splint-type equivalence; PIP-free mobilisation; compliance as the key outcome driver; expected ~5–10° residual lag; splinting non-inferior to pinning for bony mallet (with radiographic surveillance during splinting).
  • MODERATE: exact length of the weaning/night-splinting phase (night wear non-essential per a Level-I study); strengthening and return-to-sport/work timing (~8–12 weeks, criterion-based); hyperextension-vs-neutral splint positioning and the bony-mallet subluxation caveat; surgical indications (>~30% articular fragment / volar subluxation) and fixation technique.
  • WEAK / CONFIRM: driving — a fingertip splint is not usually a contraindication once the wheel can be gripped safely, but this is confirmed clinically rather than evidence-defined.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • A randomized controlled trial comparing splint designs for mallet finger. J Hand Surg Am. 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.01.005
  • Conservative management of mallet finger: a systematic review (Level of Evidence 1a). J Hand Ther. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2015.03.001
  • Mallet finger: a survey of British Association of Hand Therapists practice. Hand Therapy. 2016. DOI: 10.1177/1758998316664822
  • The mallet finger injury: a review (current concepts in diagnosis and management). Arch Plast Surg. 2016. DOI: 10.5999/aps.2016.43.2.134
  • Outcomes of dorsal splinting for mallet finger. Hand (N Y). 2022. DOI: 10.1177/15589447221093674
  • Conservative splinting versus extension-block K-wiring for bony mallet finger: a randomized controlled trial. J Hand Surg (Eur Vol). 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1753193420917567
  • Tendon avulsion fractures of the distal phalanx (terminal extensor avulsion). Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006. DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000205903.51727.62
  • Tendon ruptures in the hand. Hand Clin. 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2012.05.040
  • Single K-wire fixation of bony mallet finger in non-compliant patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03793-4
  • Subluxation of bony mallet fractures with Stack splint immobilisation. J Hand Surg Am. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.08.111

Mallet-finger management literature (URLs)

  • Medscape — Mallet Finger Treatment & Management. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1242305-treatment
  • StatPearls — Mallet Finger (NCBI Bookshelf). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459373/
  • Current concepts in the management of mallet finger (PMC; ~1 mm terminal-tendon lengthening ≈ 25° extensor lag). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4022957/
  • Physiopedia — Mallet Finger. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Mallet_Finger

Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.