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What's New — Wrist — May 2026

49 new articles published this month.

Themes: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Management · Scaphoid Fractures and Instability · Distal Radius Fracture Treatment · TFCC and Wrist Biomechanics · Wrist Arthroplasty and Reconstruction

Digest generated 2026-06-05 20:39:34+00:00.

Highlights

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Management

Recent literature extensively evaluates carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) diagnostics, treatment outcomes, and associated risks. Studies highlight the rising utilization of ultrasound-guided injections [14] and compare ultrasound-guided release with endoscopic techniques, noting differences in anesthesia and incision size [21]. Diagnostic accuracy is further explored through quantitative scratch collapse testing [39] and the influence of preoperative nerve conduction studies on surgical recommendations [25]. Postoperative recovery trajectories and patient-perceived time to full recovery are analyzed using PROMs [20, 36, 44], while persistent median nerve enlargement is linked to metabolic syndrome [43]. Additionally, CTS is recognized as a potential complication following non-upper extremity surgeries like shoulder arthroplasty [23] and ulnar neuropathy [28], and its association with cardiac amyloidosis is reviewed [24].

Scaphoid Fractures and Instability

This theme covers the diagnosis, fixation, and complications of scaphoid injuries. Diagnostic challenges are addressed through dynamic stress imaging comparisons [5] and advanced modalities like 4D-CT [30, 47]. Systematic reviews distinguish between avascular necrosis and irreversible bone death [6]. Surgical management studies compare one- versus two-screw fixation for nonunion risks [11] and describe arthroscopic-assisted repair techniques [37]. Biomechanical and clinical factors influencing outcomes are also examined, including the association of extrinsic ligament injuries with scapholunate diastasis [41] and the impact of early NSAID prescriptions on nonunion rates [15]. These articles collectively inform strategies for optimizing union rates and managing complex instability patterns.

Distal Radius Fracture Treatment

Articles in this cluster focus on the operative management and outcomes of distal radius fractures (DRFs). Comparisons between volar locking plates and external fixation with adjuvant pins demonstrate long-term equivalence at ten years [48]. Clinical variations in treating associated distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) injuries are explored via survey experiments [4], while biomechanical studies assess radial lengthening effects on DRUJ stability [32]. Safety of early weight-bearing for activities of daily living after open reduction and internal fixation is evaluated [33], and billing practices regarding Modifier 22 use in complex cases are analyzed [34]. Pediatric management is also addressed through a modified retrograde elastic stable intramedullary nailing technique [8].

TFCC and Wrist Biomechanics

This theme encompasses triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) pathologies and general wrist biomechanics. Postoperative immobilization protocols for foveal TFCC repairs are compared in a meta-analysis [49], while arthroscopic fixation techniques using manual ties versus knotless anchors are evaluated [35]. Biomechanical cadaveric studies investigate radial lengthening impacts on DRUJ stability [32] and the role of coronoid defects in elbow instability [29], though the latter is tangential. Dynamic imaging concepts, including 4D-CT and biplanar videoradiography, are reviewed to understand phase-dependent kinematics and detect subtle instabilities [2, 30]. These studies highlight the importance of dynamic assessment and standardized rehabilitation in wrist stability.

Wrist Arthroplasty and Reconstruction

Articles here address complex wrist reconstruction and arthroplasty options. A novel technique using fascia lata allograft for extensor carpi ulnaris subsheath reconstruction is described [27]. For Kienböck’s disease, outcomes of radial shortening osteotomy versus proximal row carpectomy are compared [42]. Limited wrist fusion techniques, specifically radioscapholunate fusion with or without bone excisions, are reviewed systematically [46]. Additionally, in vitro analysis of a new total wrist implant demonstrates changes in range of motion and tendon forces compared to native anatomy [40]. These articles provide insights into salvage procedures and joint-preserving strategies for advanced wrist pathology.

Articles by Theme

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Management (11)

14. Zehner KM, Salib A, Sanchez JG, et al. Rising Use of Ultrasound-Guided Carpal Tunnel Injections: National Trends, Drivers of Utilization, and Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100950

This retrospective analysis of national trends examined the utilization of ultrasound guidance for carpal tunnel injections from 2010 to 2022 and its association with patient outcomes. The study found a significant increase in ultrasound-guided usage, driven by regional and demographic factors, and assessed survival rates to repeat injection or release. These insights inform current practices regarding the adoption and efficacy of image-guided interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome.

20. Earp BE, Zhang D, Benavent KA, et al. Patient-Perceived Time to Recovery After Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100973

This prospective study assessed patient-reported time to full recovery following carpal tunnel release using standardized questionnaires. The mean time to patient-reported full recovery was 5.5 months, with a small percentage of patients not recovering within one year. These findings indicate that patient-perceived recovery takes significantly longer than typical clinical milestones, suggesting a need for adjusted postoperative counseling.

21. Marwin VM, Nelson JT, Watt JF, et al. Prospective Multicenter Propensity Score-matched Comparison of Ultrasound-guided Versus Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100974

This prospective multicenter study compared 3-month outcomes of ultrasound-guided versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release using propensity score matching. Both techniques showed significant improvement, with ultrasound-guided release offering advantages in anesthesia type, incision size, and suture requirements, while endoscopic release had shorter procedure times. The study suggests that ultrasound-guided release is a viable alternative with comparable efficacy and distinct procedural benefits.

23. Gonzalez R, Dean O, Nakken ER, et al. Rate of Ipsilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Increases After Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100987

This retrospective cohort study investigated the incidence of ipsilateral carpal tunnel syndrome following shoulder arthroplasty using contralateral side incidence as a control. The incidence of ipsilateral carpal tunnel syndrome was 46% higher than the contralateral side within one year post-surgery. These results indicate a significant association between shoulder arthroplasty and subsequent development of ipsilateral carpal tunnel syndrome.

24. Laridaen J, Klena JC, Grandizio LC. Amyloidosis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic and Management Considerations. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100993

This narrative review updates hand surgeons on the diagnostic and management considerations for carpal tunnel syndrome associated with cardiac amyloidosis. It highlights the increasing awareness of this link and the potential for early detection of amyloid deposition during carpal tunnel release. The review addresses controversies regarding screening protocols and the cost-effectiveness of biopsy procedures in this context.

25. Iglesias B, Hua K, Weinberg J, et al. Associations Between Preoperative Diagnostic Tests and Surgical Recommendation for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100994

This retrospective cohort study analyzed preoperative diagnostic findings to determine their association with surgical recommendations for carpal tunnel syndrome. The results identified specific nerve conduction and ultrasound parameters that significantly predict a surgeon's decision to recommend carpal tunnel release. These findings help clinicians understand which objective metrics most strongly influence surgical decision-making in CTS management.

28. Fellheimer HS, DiDomenico E, Ayub M, et al. Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome After the Diagnosis of Ulnar Neuropathy. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100970

This large-scale retrospective cohort study found that patients diagnosed with ulnar nerve lesions have a significantly increased risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome over five years. The highest incidence occurred within the first two years post-diagnosis, suggesting a strong temporal link between the two conditions. These findings support the hypothesis that ulnar nerve pathology may precede and increase susceptibility to CTS.

36. Hausner CJ, Franchino JT, Hamdan S, et al. Early Recovery Trajectories Predict Achievement of a Patient-Acceptable Symptom State After Open and Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.015

This cohort study evaluated early recovery trajectories and the predictive value of short-term PROMIS upper-extremity scores for achieving patient-acceptable symptom states after carpal tunnel release. The analysis demonstrated that early postoperative improvements could predict long-term success in meeting patient-centered benchmarks. These findings highlight the potential for using early patient-reported outcomes to prognosticate recovery and guide postoperative care.

39. Faszholz A, Davidson M, Pullman S, et al. Quantitative Scratch Collapse Test Methodology With Handheld Dynamometer: Normative Upper-Extremity Force Data and Reliability Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100966

This study established normative upper-extremity force and torque values for the scratch collapse test using handheld dynamometry and assessed the reliability of this quantitative approach. The results demonstrated good to excellent inter- and intra-examiner reliability with no meaningful systematic differences between examiners. This standardized quantitative method reduces subjectivity and variability, potentially improving the diagnostic consistency of the scratch collapse test.

43. Yamada Y, Natsume T, Yamamoto M. Postoperative Reduction and Persistent Enlargement of Median Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Influence of Metabolic Syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.019

This study evaluated postoperative changes in median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) and their association with clinical outcomes in 117 patients undergoing carpal tunnel release. Persistent or enlarged median nerve CSA after surgery was associated with metabolic syndrome and did not correlate with worse clinical outcomes. This implies that postoperative CSA enlargement may be a benign anatomical variation rather than a predictor of poor recovery, particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome.

44. Saito K, Okada M, Hama S, et al. Longitudinal Changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Carpal Tunnel Release: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.011

Précis unavailable.

Scaphoid Fractures and Instability (8)

5. Goorens CK, Keelson B, Duerinckx J, et al. Analysis of dynamic scapholunate instability with stress views on plain wrist radiographs and stress CT. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261446778

The study compared stress radiographs and stress CT to measure scapholunate distance in patients with and without instability. It found that the clenched fist plus ulnar deviation view provided greater sensitivity for detecting instability than the clenched fist view alone. Both imaging modalities showed no significant difference in measurements, validating stress CT as a reliable diagnostic tool.

6. Jacobi S, Davidovic-Katz E, Moll S, et al. Current diagnostic methods for detecting avascular necrosis and irreversible bone death of the proximal pole of the scaphoid: a systematic review. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261449042

This scenario-based survey of surgeons revealed significant variation in treating the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) after plate fixation of distal radial fractures. Despite evidence suggesting specific DRUJ treatment may not be beneficial, surgeons frequently recommended additional interventions like pinning or ligament repair. The study identifies factors associated with this treatment variation to better understand clinical decision-making.

11. Jing C, Zirbes CF, Ralph JE, et al. Role of one- versus two-screw fixation of scaphoid fractures in contributing to nonunion and delayed union. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261445802

This propensity score-matched retrospective study compared outcomes between one-screw and two-screw fixation for displaced scaphoid fractures. While union rates were comparable, the one-screw cohort demonstrated significantly greater wrist extension at six months and improved pain and physical function scores. These results suggest that one-screw fixation may offer superior early functional outcomes without compromising union rates.

15. Phan A, Dussik CM, Wilbur D, et al. Early Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Prescriptions and Nonunion After Scaphoid Fractures: A TriNetX Matched Cohort Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100958

This matched cohort study investigated the association between early nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescriptions and nonunion rates in scaphoid fractures. Patients in the nonoperative group with NSAID prescriptions had significantly higher odds of nonunion and subsequent salvage procedures compared to those without. These findings suggest that early NSAID use may impair healing in nonoperatively managed scaphoid fractures.

30. van der Heijden EPA, Terng T, Haenen M, et al. Dynamic wrist imaging using four-dimensional CT: current concepts, clinical applications, and future perspectives. EFORT Open Reviews 2026. doi:10.1530/eor-2026-0051

This review discusses four-dimensional CT as a dynamic imaging modality capable of visualizing in vivo wrist kinematics and identifying abnormalities missed by static imaging. It highlights clinical applications for diagnosing carpal instability, evaluating conditions like Kienböck disease, and aiding preoperative planning. The technology offers objective quantification of motion, improving diagnostic confidence and treatment assessment.

37. Westbrooks TJ, Gorsky AL, Suh N, et al. Arthroscopic-Assisted Scaphoid Nonunion Repair. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.012

This article describes a reproducible arthroscopic-assisted technique for scaphoid nonunion repair that utilizes percutaneous autologous bone grafting and headless compression screw fixation. The approach aims to preserve soft tissue integrity and vascularity while allowing direct visualization and correction of deformities. This minimally invasive method offers a potential alternative to traditional open repairs by reducing postoperative stiffness and soft tissue disruption.

41. Dankelman LH, Kooi K, Romeo RB, et al. Association of Extrinsic Ligament Injury with Diastasis in Scapholunate Ligament Injury. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.020

This retrospective cohort study analyzed MRI data from 101 patients to determine which extrinsic ligament injuries are independently associated with scapholunate diastasis. The key finding was that volar extrinsic ligament injuries were significantly more prevalent in patients with diastasis greater than 2 mm compared to those without. Clinically, this suggests that assessing volar extrinsic ligaments is crucial for evaluating the severity and stability of scapholunate injuries.

47. Elsherbini A, Saenz L, Persitz J, et al. Imaging for Scapholunate Ligament Injuries: Techniques, Challenges, and Innovations. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.021

Précis unavailable.

Distal Radius Fracture Treatment (6)

4. Drost A, Brinkman N, Ring D, et al. Factors associated with variation in treatment of the distal radioulnar joint after plate fixation of distal radial fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261449057

This systematic review analyzed diagnostic methods for distinguishing between avascular necrosis (AVN) and irreversible bone death in scaphoid fractures. It found that MRI-diagnosed AVN had a high rate of healing, whereas CT-diagnosed cases had a much lower healing rate, suggesting different prognoses. The findings indicate that current diagnostic criteria may not adequately distinguish between these two conditions with different outcomes.

8. Cintean R, Pankratz C, Schütze K, et al. Modified retrograde ESIN for diametaphyseal distal radius fractures in children: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09952-1

The authors evaluated a modified retrograde elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) technique with a distal bend for pediatric distal radius fractures. This modified technique resulted in significantly better postoperative alignment in both coronal and sagittal planes compared to standard ESIN. The approach offers improved distal fragment control without requiring more invasive fixation methods.

32. Yin C, Vilai P, Thoreson AR, et al. Effect of Radial Lengthening on the Stability of the Distal Radioulnar Joint: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.06.013

This biomechanical study evaluated whether radial lengthening stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) in the setting of triangular fibrocartilage complex injury. The results demonstrated that radial lengthening did not significantly reduce DRUJ translation, challenging its proposed utility as an alternative to ulnar shortening. The findings suggest that radial lengthening may not effectively restore DRUJ stability in this context.

33. Kazmers NH, Roca H, Maughan-Egbert G, et al. Evaluating the Safety of Limited Load Bearing for Activities of Daily Living Following Volar Locked Plating of Select Distal Radius Fractures. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.05.020

This retrospective study evaluated whether allowing limited load bearing for activities of daily living following volar locked plating of select distal radius fractures compromises radiographic alignment. The findings indicated that this approach did not lead to clinically relevant changes in alignment or high complication rates in the selected patient population. These results suggest that early functional loading may be a safe and viable postoperative protocol for specific fracture patterns.

34. Mayers A, Mahmoud M, Ozdag Y, et al. Modifier 22 Use in Surgical Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures Within an Integrated Health Care System. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.006

This study analyzed the utilization of Modifier 22 for complex distal radius fracture surgeries within an integrated healthcare system to identify associated patient and surgeon characteristics. The results showed that hand fellowship training was significantly associated with increased use of this billing modifier. This implies that surgeon specialty and training level are key predictors of how complexity is documented and reimbursed in operative care.

48. Williksen JH, Tangerud A, Hellund JC, et al. External Fixation and Adjuvant Pins Versus Volar Locking Plates in Unstable Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Study with a 10-Year Follow-Up. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.020

Précis unavailable.

TFCC and Wrist Biomechanics (6)

2. Xiang Z, Jia S, Chen S. Dynamic imaging and wrist biomechanics: a narrative review. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261452068

This narrative review evaluates four dynamic imaging modalities to highlight how wrist kinematics vary by phase, load, and task. It finds that abnormalities like scapholunate instability often only appear under specific physiological conditions, challenging static diagnostic models. These findings suggest dynamic imaging is crucial for accurately diagnosing clinically relevant wrist instability.

29. Babasiz T, Wegmann K, Rausch V, et al. Influence of anteromedial facet defects of the coronoids process on the posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament in human cadaveric specimens. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.004

This biomechanical cadaveric study investigated the stress on the posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament (pMCL) in the presence of anteromedial facet coronoid defects. Results showed that pMCL strain increased significantly with larger bone defects, indicating its potential role in varus posteromedial rotatory instability. These findings suggest that pMCL integrity is crucial for elbow stability in these fracture patterns.

30. van der Heijden EPA, Terng T, Haenen M, et al. Dynamic wrist imaging using four-dimensional CT: current concepts, clinical applications, and future perspectives. EFORT Open Reviews 2026. doi:10.1530/eor-2026-0051

This review discusses four-dimensional CT as a dynamic imaging modality capable of visualizing in vivo wrist kinematics and identifying abnormalities missed by static imaging. It highlights clinical applications for diagnosing carpal instability, evaluating conditions like Kienböck disease, and aiding preoperative planning. The technology offers objective quantification of motion, improving diagnostic confidence and treatment assessment.

32. Yin C, Vilai P, Thoreson AR, et al. Effect of Radial Lengthening on the Stability of the Distal Radioulnar Joint: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.06.013

This biomechanical study evaluated whether radial lengthening stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) in the setting of triangular fibrocartilage complex injury. The results demonstrated that radial lengthening did not significantly reduce DRUJ translation, challenging its proposed utility as an alternative to ulnar shortening. The findings suggest that radial lengthening may not effectively restore DRUJ stability in this context.

35. Morisaki S, Yoshii K, Tsuchida S, et al. Comparison of Manual Tie and Knotless Suture Anchor Techniques in Arthroscopic Transosseous Foveal Repair of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.021

This retrospective review compared postoperative outcomes between manual tie and knotless suture anchor techniques for arthroscopic transosseous foveal repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears. Both fixation methods yielded significant and comparable improvements in grip strength, range of motion, pain, and functional scores. The study suggests that either technique is effective for restoring distal radioulnar joint stability, allowing surgeons to choose based on preference or availability.

49. Lee J, Lee T, Lee S, et al. Postoperative Immobilization After Foveal Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.029

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared elbow-restricted versus forearm-restricted immobilization protocols following surgical repair of foveal triangular fibrocartilage complex tears. The analysis of five comparative studies involving 288 patients evaluated clinical outcomes including pain, functional scores, range of motion, and grip strength. These findings aim to help standardize postoperative care by identifying which immobilization method yields superior functional recovery and fewer complications.

Wrist Arthroplasty and Reconstruction (4)

27. Mukohara S, Hartman Budnik JV, Viola RW. Reconstruction of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Subsheath Using a Fascia Lata Allograft. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100957

Précis unavailable.

40. Cavallaro SM, Harley BJ, Werner FW. In Vitro Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis of a Recently Designed Total Wrist Implant. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.015

This in vitro study analyzed the kinetic and kinematic effects of a recently designed total wrist arthroplasty implant on cadaveric wrists. The results showed that the implant significantly decreased wrist extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation compared to native motion, with some instances of component impingement. These findings indicate that while the implant restores some function, it imposes specific restrictions on range of motion and may risk mechanical impingement.

42. Quaife T, Diffey I, Hashem L, et al. Save or Salvage: Radial Shortening Osteotomy and Proximal Row Carpectomy in Kienböck’s Disease—A Descriptive Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.02.031

This multicenter cohort study compared mid- to long-term outcomes of radial shortening osteotomy (RSO) and proximal row carpectomy (PRC) in 47 patients with Kienböck's disease. RSO demonstrated superior patient-reported outcomes, including lower PRWE and QuickDASH scores and higher satisfaction rates, compared to PRC. These findings support RSO as a preferred salvage option for preserving function and patient satisfaction in appropriate Kienböck's disease stages.

46. Nie A, Woodford SC, Robinson D, et al. The Effect of Distal Scaphoid Excision and Triquetrum Excision on Radioscapholunate Fusion: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.008

Précis unavailable.

1. Onaka K, Wu C, Tu Y. Abductor pollicis longus tendon distraction arthroplasty for chronic traumatic trapeziometacarpal dislocation. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261448017

The authors describe a modified distraction arthroplasty technique for chronic traumatic trapeziometacarpal dislocation that utilizes the abductor pollicis longus tendon. This approach preserves the trapezium while leveraging a locally available tendon to maintain joint reduction and stability. The technique offers a viable surgical option for managing this specific chronic injury.

3. London DA. CORR Insights®: What Is the Interversion Reliability and Agreement Between the Decision Tree Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation and the Full-length Version?. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 2026. doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000003994

The author discusses the increasing mandate for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in value-based care and the associated burden on patients. The text highlights the tension between regulatory requirements for high response rates and the risk of bias from patient non-completion. It emphasizes that PROM data quality depends heavily on managing this patient burden effectively.

7. Maier JP, Pohl L, Eck J, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of biodegradable zinc and polylactide pins for radial head fracture fixation: a human cadaver study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2026. doi:10.1186/s13018-026-06964-4

This cadaveric study compared the biomechanical performance of biodegradable zinc pins versus polylactide pins for radial head fracture fixation. Zinc pins demonstrated superior mechanical strength and resistance to secondary loss of reduction compared to polylactide pins under cyclic loading. These results suggest zinc pins may be a more robust alternative for fragment-preserving fixation of radial head fractures.

9. Peters ST, Wouters RM, Selles RW, et al. What Is the Interversion Reliability and Agreement Between the Decision Tree Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation and the Full-length Version?. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 2026. doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000003933

This prospective study evaluated the interversion reliability and agreement between the five-item decision tree patient-rated wrist evaluation (DT-PRWE) and the full 15-item PRWE in a clinical setting. The findings aim to validate the shortened version's psychometric properties against the gold standard in real-world practice. This supports the potential adoption of the DT-PRWE to reduce patient burden while maintaining measurement accuracy.

10. Schmid T, von Schmeling M, Gehmert S, et al. Surface alterations and chondrocyte activity in articular cartilage after monopolar radiofrequency treatment. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261445820

This in vitro study assessed the effects of monopolar radiofrequency chondroplasty on porcine cartilage, measuring subchondral temperature, surface roughness, and chondrocyte viability. Results showed that all protocols significantly reduced surface roughness while keeping temperatures below physiological levels and preserving chondrocyte viability. These findings suggest that radiofrequency smoothing is a safe and effective minimally invasive option for treating articular cartilage degeneration.

12. Vesselle A, Christman I, Cheng C, et al. Attritional Carpal Dislocation and Flexor Tendon Rupture as a Rare Complication of Conservatively Managed Distal Radius Fracture in a Rheumatoid Patient. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100933

This case report describes a patient with psoriatic arthritis who developed attritional carpal dislocation and multiple flexor tendon ruptures three years after conservatively managed distal radius fracture malunion. The severe disability necessitated wrist fusion and distal ulna resection, highlighting the risks of nonoperative management in inflammatory arthropathies. Clinicians should exercise caution when recommending conservative treatment for distal radius fractures in patients with underlying inflammatory conditions.

13. Dussik CM, Coombs J, Phan A, et al. Is Cannabis Dependence Associated with Postoperative Infections in Hand and Wrist Surgeries?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100948

This large-scale database study evaluated perioperative complications following hand and wrist soft-tissue surgeries in patients with cannabis dependence compared to nondependent controls. The analysis aimed to determine if cannabis dependence is associated with increased rates of infections, admissions, or wound breakdown within 90 days. The findings will help clarify the safety profile of these surgeries in a growing population of cannabis users.

16. Parker AM, Genovese N, Ilchuk A, et al. Association of Charlson Comorbidity Index and Charlson Fracture Index With Surgical Complications in Distal Radius Fractures: A Retrospective Review. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100959

This retrospective review compared the predictive value of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the Charlson Fracture Index (CFI) for early complications after open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures. Both indices showed a positive association with complication risk, though the study sought to determine if the fracture-specific index offered superior predictive accuracy. The results may guide preoperative risk stratification and patient counseling for distal radius fracture surgery.

17. Gupta R, Bhagwat AM, Gupta R, et al. Congenital Symptomatic Scaphoid-Trapezium Coalition in a Pediatric Patient With VACTERL Association. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100961

This case report describes a pediatric patient with VACTERL association who presented with symptomatic congenital scaphotrapezial coalition and thumb hypoplasia. Surgical intervention successfully resolved the patient's persistent wrist pain after conservative treatments failed. The findings highlight the importance of considering rare carpal coalitions in pediatric patients with complex congenital syndromes.

18. van der Post A, Jens S, Kox LS, et al. The Influence of Early Gymnastic Exposure on the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in the Adolescent Wrist. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100969

This study evaluated triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) morphology and thickness in asymptomatic adolescent gymnasts compared to healthy controls using MRI. The results indicated specific morphological variations and correlations with ulnar variance in this athletic population. These findings suggest that early gymnastic exposure influences TFCC development, which may inform clinical assessments of wrist pain in young athletes.

19. Gullborg EJ, Jan K, Kim JH, et al. Incidence of Median and Ulnar Neuropathy Following Nonupper Extremity Surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100972

This retrospective study analyzed the incidence of median and ulnar neuropathies following nonupper extremity surgeries, including anterior cervical discectony and fusion, total hip arthroplasty, and total knee arthroplasty. The highest incidence of postoperative carpal tunnel syndrome was observed in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion cohort. These results suggest that perioperative positioning or systemic factors in nonupper extremity surgeries contribute to upper-extremity neuropathies.

22. Dhanoa A, Lafreniere A, Harper CM, et al. Evaluating Generative Artificial Intelligence Models’ Responses to Questions About Scaphoid Fracture and Scaphoid Nonunion. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100978

This study evaluated and compared the accuracy and clarity of responses from ChatGPT and Google Gemini regarding scaphoid fractures and nonunions against expert surgeon opinions. Plastic surgeons rated AI responses higher than orthopedic surgeons, and Google Gemini performed better on complex questions. The findings suggest that while AI provides generally accurate information, its utility and perceived quality vary by specialty and question complexity.

26. Manikya S, Vadhithala V, Kumar R. Comment on “Is Cannabis Dependence Associated With Postoperative Infections in Hand and Wrist Surgeries?”. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100999

This letter critiques a study linking cannabis dependence to postoperative infections by highlighting potential temporal ambiguity in exposure definition. The authors argue that including postoperative diagnostic codes may misclassify dependence arising from complication-related encounters as preexisting exposure. Restricting diagnosis timing to preoperative periods would improve the validity of such associations.

31. Saxena T, Cruz T, Bravo D. Isolated Acute Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101007

This case report describes a rare instance of acute exertional compartment syndrome isolated to the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, treated successfully with fasciotomy. The authors emphasize that this condition is often misdiagnosed due to its non-traumatic onset and lack of awareness among practitioners. Early recognition and surgical intervention are critical for symptom resolution and preventing long-term morbidity.

38. London DA, Rizvanović BF, Choo S, et al. Investigating the Educational Utility of an Optimized Hand Surgery Video for Carpal Tunnel Release. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.010

This multicenter randomized controlled trial assessed whether an optimized surgical education video improves trainee performance in carpal tunnel release compared to standard resources. The results indicated that access to the optimized video significantly enhanced technical skills and procedural understanding among surgical residents. This suggests that video resources designed with procedural learning theory in mind are more effective for surgical education.

45. Straszewski A, Troyer S, Boyer MI, et al. Utility of Routine Histopathologic and Culture Analysis in Wrist Tenosynovectomy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.009

Précis unavailable.

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Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

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