What's New — Shoulder — May 2026

228 new articles published this month.

Themes: Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation · Shoulder Arthroplasty Techniques and Outcomes · Shoulder Instability and Labral Pathology · Risk Factors and Perioperative Management

Digest generated 2026-06-05 20:51:53+00:00.

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Highlights

Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation

Recent literature highlights the evolving role of biologic and structural augmentation in rotator cuff repair (RCR). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow stimulation (BMS) show mixed results; while PRP may reduce retear rates, it often fails to improve clinical outcomes compared to standard repair or BMS [1], [2], [7]. Structural augmentation using allografts or xenografts demonstrates lower retear rates and improved function for large to massive tears, with cost-effectiveness analyses supporting their use [19], [24], [39]. Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) outcomes are influenced by graft thickness, with thicker porcine xenografts or folded human dermal allografts providing superior biomechanical stability and clinical results compared to thinner single-layer allografts [28], [33], [34], [35]. Additionally, the biceps smash technique remains an area of interest but lacks high-level evidence [227].

Shoulder Arthroplasty Techniques and Outcomes

Advancements in shoulder arthroplasty focus on implant design, bone loss management, and patient selection. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is increasingly used for proximal humerus fractures and osteoarthritis, with studies comparing lateralized versus medialized glenoid implants and stemless designs [130], [133], [143]. Management of glenoid bone loss in revision settings utilizes augmented baseplates, coracoid autografts, or custom implants [20], [114], [183]. Anatomic TSA outcomes in young patients and those with glenoid dysplasia are also evaluated, with patient-specific planning showing promise [122], [138]. Pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty offers a viable alternative for type B glenoids with good survivorship [3], [31]. Furthermore, navigation and robotic assistance are being assessed for improving component positioning accuracy [105], [115], [174], [177].

Shoulder Instability and Labral Pathology

Management of anterior shoulder instability continues to compare arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) with the Latarjet procedure, particularly in contact athletes. While ABR remains excellent for selected athletes without significant bone loss, Latarjet offers superior stability in high-risk populations [8], [11], [13], [30], [41], [211]. Augmentations like remplissage are frequently discussed alongside Bankart repairs [8], [79]. Diagnostic challenges persist, with AI-assisted MRI interpretation showing potential for improving Bankart lesion detection [6]. Novel techniques such as the labral bridge technique and distal clavicle autograft for glenoid bone loss are also reported [89], [186]. The Pittsburgh Instability Tool (PIT) helps predict outcomes in patients with subcritical bone loss [213].

Risk Factors and Perioperative Management

Identifying risk factors for poor outcomes is critical for optimizing shoulder surgery. Nicotine dependence, including non-tobacco sources, significantly increases complication and revision rates after RCR [43], [44]. Osteoporosis and low bone density are linked to higher failure rates in RCR and periprosthetic fractures after arthroplasty [163], [198]. Preoperative factors such as central sensitization, mental health status, and health literacy also negatively impact postoperative outcomes [164], [165], [197]. Perioperative management strategies include non-opioid multimodal pain protocols, which achieve equivalent pain control with reduced opioid use [194], and the use of cold therapy units [144]. Prophylactic antibiotic strategies and wound protector efficacy are also under investigation [4], [217].

Articles by Theme

Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation (11)

1. Hohmann E. Editorial Commentary : Targeted Use of Leukocyte‐Poor Platelet‐Rich Plasma Reduces Retear Rate More Than Bone Marrow Stimulation in Double‐Row Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70190

This editorial commentary reviews evidence indicating that leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (PRP) significantly reduces retear rates in double-row rotator cuff repair compared to bone marrow stimulation, despite similar clinical outcomes. The authors suggest that PRP is cost-effective when it reduces retear rates by at least 9% and advocate for its targeted use while calling for standardized preparation methods.

2. Chang H, Chun Y, Kim S, et al. Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Stimulation in Double‐Row Rotator Cuff Repair Does Not Improve Clinical Outcomes but Reduces Retear Rates: A Retrospective Analysis With Propensity Score Matching. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70387

This retrospective propensity-matched study found that augmenting double-row suture bridge repair with either platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bone marrow stimulation (BMS) reduced retear rates compared to repair alone, without improving clinical outcomes. The findings support the structural benefit of these biological adjuncts in reducing structural failure, even though patient-reported functional scores remained comparable across all groups.

7. Chen W, Qi W, Su Y, et al. Platelet‐Rich Products Can Have Variable Effects on Outcomes After Arthroscopic Full‐Thickness Rotator Cuff Repair: A Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70234

This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that platelet-rich products significantly improve retear rates and certain functional scores after arthroscopic full-thickness rotator cuff repair. Subgroup analyses revealed that leukocyte-poor formulations, higher platelet concentrations, and liquid forms were particularly effective in reducing retear rates, highlighting the importance of product characteristics in clinical outcomes.

19. Quigley RJ, Sardesai KS, Cole BJ. Editorial Commentary : Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation: Arguably the Only Meaningful Improvement in Rotator Cuff Repair Outcomes in Last 40 Years, While Being Cost‐Effective. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70344

This editorial argues that structural augmentation with allograft or xenograft represents a meaningful improvement in rotator cuff repair outcomes by reducing retear rates and improving functional integrity. The authors contend that recent cost-effectiveness analyses support the use of augmentation in primary repairs, challenging the traditional view that it should be reserved only for complex or revision cases.

24. Kruse C, Bouchard MD, Dagher D, et al. The Use of Allograft or Xenograft Augmentation in Rotator Cuff Repair Is Cost‐Effective Particularly With Allograft. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70329

This decision tree analysis evaluated the cost-effectiveness of allograft and xenograft augmentation during primary rotator cuff repair, finding that both options met the $100,000/QALY threshold. The study concludes that graft augmentation, particularly with allograft, is a cost-effective strategy for large tears by reducing revision rates and improving long-term quality-adjusted life years despite higher initial procedural costs.

28. Eichinger JK. Editorial Commentary : When it Comes to Graft Thickness for Superior Capsular Reconstruction, Go Thick or Go Back to the Original. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70364

This editorial commentary argues that graft thickness is a critical factor in superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), advocating for grafts that replicate the 6 to 8 mm thickness of the original autograft technique. It highlights biomechanical evidence suggesting that thicker porcine xenografts may offer superior performance compared to thinner human dermal allografts. Surgeons are advised to prioritize graft thickness over material type to ensure optimal structural integrity and clinical outcomes.

33. Kim SH, Lee S, Seo J, et al. Thicker Porcine Xenografts Provide Superior Biomechanical Stability Compared With Single‐Layer Human Dermal Allografts in Superior Capsular Reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70318

This biomechanical study compared thick porcine xenografts to single-layer human dermal allografts for superior capsular reconstruction in cadaveric shoulders. Xenografts provided superior biomechanical stability by preserving physiologic rotational range of motion and reducing excessive translation compared to allografts. These findings suggest that thicker xenografts may offer better mechanical restoration of shoulder stability than standard single-layer allografts.

34. Shybut TB. Editorial Commentary : If You're Performing Superior Capsule Reconstruction With Human Dermal Allograft, Prepare a Thick Graft. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70210

This editorial commentary discusses the evolving role of superior capsule reconstruction, noting that enthusiasm has waned due to technical demands and inconsistent outcomes. It suggests that the procedure may still be viable if surgeons utilize thicker, double-folded human dermal allografts to improve structural integrity. The author argues that refining graft thickness could help overcome previous limitations and restore confidence in the technique.

35. Mirzayan R, Acevedo DC, Yao JF, et al. Superior Capsule Reconstruction With Thicker Human Dermal Allograft Leads to Lower Lateral‐Sided Graft Tears and Better Functional Outcomes. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70208

This study compared clinical and MRI outcomes of superior capsule reconstruction using 3 mm versus 6 mm human dermal allografts. Patients receiving the thicker 6 mm allografts experienced significantly lower rates of lateral-sided graft tears and better functional outcomes compared to those with 3 mm grafts. The results support the use of thicker allografts to enhance graft durability and clinical success in this procedure.

39. Kim SH, Yoon JY. Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears With Only Partial Repair Possible Treated With Human Dermal Allograft Results in Lower Retear Rates and Improved Function Compared With Matched Group Without Augmentation. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70122

This retrospective study compared incomplete rotator cuff repair with and without human dermal allograft patch augmentation in patients with large to massive tears. The addition of the allograft patch resulted in lower retear rates and improved functional outcomes compared to incomplete repair alone. These findings support the use of patch augmentation to enhance structural integrity and clinical results in challenging rotator cuff repairs.

227. Weber SC. Editorial Commentary : Is Biceps Smash in Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation a Smash Hit? Well, Maybe…. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70358

This editorial commentary discusses the use of the biceps smash technique as an autograft augmentation for rotator cuff repairs, noting its advantages in cost and lack of antigenicity. The author highlights that while promising, high-level clinical studies are currently lacking to substantiate its efficacy. The implication is that surgeons should exercise caution and await stronger evidence before routinely adopting this technique.

Shoulder Arthroplasty Techniques and Outcomes (14)

3. Garret J, Bouteille C, Labadens A, et al. Outcomes of hemi-shoulder arthroplasty using pyrocarbon implants for type B glenoids at a follow-up of 3 to 12 years. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261441876

This study evaluated hemi-shoulder arthroplasty using pyrocarbon implants in patients with type B glenoids, finding satisfactory clinical outcomes and improved radiological subluxation at a mean follow-up of 3 to 12 years. Although one patient required conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty and some glenoid wear progression occurred, the procedure demonstrated durability and functional efficacy for this specific patient population.

20. Khan AZ, Kane LT, Vaughan A, et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision to reverse shoulder arthroplasty with an augmented baseplate in the setting of glenoid bone loss. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261449624

This retrospective study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty using non-custom augmented baseplates to address glenoid bone loss. The results demonstrated significant improvements in range of motion, pain scores, and functional assessments, indicating that augmented baseplates are a viable solution for correcting deformity and restoring function in revision settings.

31. McBride A, D’Costa E, Duke P, et al. Pyrocarbon shoulder hemiarthroplasty: A surgical technique. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261445928

This article presents a systematic surgical technique for pyrocarbon shoulder hemiarthroplasty designed to restore proximal humeral anatomy and prevent glenoid erosion. The authors describe their reproducible method and compare its survivorship against other shoulder arthroplasty classes using joint registry data. Pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty is presented as a viable alternative that reduces glenoid wear while avoiding the risks associated with metal implants or total shoulder replacement.

105. Brian A, Hoang TNA, Samuel RM, et al. The role of intraoperative navigation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and its impact on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100687

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of intraoperative navigation on clinical outcomes in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The study found that while navigation improves glenoid component placement accuracy, its effect on functional range of motion and patient-reported outcomes remains unclear. These findings suggest that navigation's primary benefit is technical precision rather than immediate functional superiority.

114. Satalich J, Wall K, Wiley N, et al. Glenoid defects in revision shoulder arthroplasty may be treated with coracoid autograft with reliable short-term results. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101665

This retrospective study assessed the efficacy of coracoid autograft for treating contained glenoid bone defects during revision shoulder arthroplasty. The findings demonstrated reliable short-term results with low failure rates and improved patient-reported outcomes. Clinically, this supports coracoid autograft as a viable option for managing glenoid defects in revision settings.

115. Hao KA, Signoretti R, Gass JL, et al. Glenoid component implantation accuracy using a novel handheld computer targeting system in total shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101663

This cadaveric study evaluated the accuracy of a novel, implant-agnostic handheld computer targeting system for glenoid component placement in total shoulder arthroplasty. The system enabled surgeons to place central K-wires with high precision relative to pre-operative plans. This technology offers a potentially flexible and cost-effective tool to improve implant positioning accuracy.

122. Peebles LA, Akamefula RA, Weinerman J, et al. Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty indications, outcomes, and survivorship in patients younger than 50 years of age: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.005

This systematic review analyzed outcomes and survivorship of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) in patients aged 50 or younger, finding that while concerns exist regarding longevity, aTSA remains an effective treatment for multifactorial arthritis in this demographic. The study highlights that implant survivorship and functional outcomes are generally favorable, supporting its use despite the higher revision risks associated with younger, active patients. These findings help guide patient selection and counseling regarding the trade-offs between joint preservation and replacement in young adults.

130. Passaretti D, Ascani C, Ponzo A, et al. Lateralized versus medialized glenoid implants in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures. Comparison between trabecular metal and comprehensive Zimmer Biomet glenoid implants. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.017

Précis unavailable.

133. Pamula A, Lachance AD, Whittemore C, et al. Outcomes of modular diaphyseal vs. nonmodular metaphyseal reverse total shoulder arthroplasty stem for 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.018

Précis unavailable.

138. Mouchantaf M, Biegun M, Schippers P, et al. Patient-specific BIO-RSA (bony increased-offset reverse shoulder arthroplasty) for glenoid dysplasia (type C) osteoarthritis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.010

This retrospective case series evaluated the mid- to long-term outcomes of patient-specific bony increased-offset reverse shoulder arthroplasty (BIO-RSA) using humeral head autografts in 45 shoulders with Walch type-C glenoid dysplasia. The technique demonstrated promising clinical and radiologic results, with the structural autograft effectively correcting severe retroversion. This approach offers a viable solution for complex glenoid bone loss while preserving native bone stock.

143. Gupta MS, Krishan A, Rashid A, et al. Reverse versus anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients over 70 with a competent rotator cuff and glenohumeral osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.015

This meta-analysis compared reverse versus anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients aged 70 and older with glenohumeral osteoarthritis and a competent rotator cuff. The review pooled data from eight studies to evaluate differences in range of motion, functional outcomes, and complication rates between the two procedures. The results provide evidence to guide the selection of arthroplasty type in elderly patients, balancing functional gains against potential risks.

174. Arroyo RA, Casper SJ, Joyce CD, et al. Navigation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100718

This retrospective study assessed the radiographic accuracy and learning curve associated with a surgeon's transition from non-navigated to navigated reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Navigated cases demonstrated significantly greater inferior glenosphere offset compared to non-navigated cases, while other measurements showed excellent reliability. The results suggest that navigation may improve specific aspects of component positioning accuracy during the learning curve.

177. Marigi EM, Lopez CE, Marigi IM, et al. Robotic assisted reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: narrative review and surgical technique of humeral and glenoid preparation. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100708

This narrative review and technical note outlines the surgical technique for humeral and glenoid preparation during robotic-assisted reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. It provides a detailed description of the procedural steps to optimize implant positioning and surgical precision. The article serves as a guide for surgeons adopting robotic technology in shoulder arthroplasty.

183. Henke RT, Ries RJ, Tobin JG, et al. Surgical Options for the Management of Severe Glenoid Structural Deficiencies in the Setting of Revision Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.059

A systematic review compared outcomes of various grafts and custom implants used to manage severe glenoid bone deficiencies during revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis of 556 shoulders indicated that different strategies, including allografts, autografts, and custom implants, offer viable solutions for complex bone loss. The review aims to guide surgeons in selecting appropriate reconstruction methods based on current evidence.

Shoulder Instability and Labral Pathology (13)

6. Sethi S, Reddy S, Sakarvadia M, et al. AI-Assisted MRI Interpretation in Diagnosing Bankart and Reverse Bankart Lesions. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261449797

Précis unavailable.

8. Bitar IJ, Marangoni LD, Bitar LB, et al. Comparable Subscapularis Tendon Outcomes After Open Versus Arthroscopic Bankart Repair With Remplissage in Collision/Contact Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability: A 5‐Year Prospective Cohort Study. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70343

This 5-year prospective cohort study found comparable clinical function and subscapularis tendon integrity between open Bankart repair with inferior capsular shift and arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage in collision athletes. Both surgical techniques yielded excellent outcomes with no significant differences in instability indices or structural tendon health, supporting either approach for this high-demand population.

9. Brockmeyer M. Editorial Commentary : Retaining Its Clinical Importance: Open Bankart Repair With Inferior Capsular Shift in Collision and Contact Athletes With Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability Retains Its Clinical Importance—But Will It Also Endure in the Future?. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70362

This editorial commentary reviews the enduring clinical relevance of open Bankart repair with inferior capsular shift for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in collision athletes, noting its comparable outcomes to arthroscopic techniques. The authors suggest that while arthroscopic options are prevalent, open repair remains a vital option for specific high-risk populations. This highlights the need to preserve open surgical skills alongside arthroscopic advancements in shoulder instability management.

11. Berge T, Vuletić F, Bøe B. Comparable 1‐year results after arthroscopic Latarjet using screw or suture‐button fixation. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/ksa.70426

This retrospective cohort study compared one-year clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic Latarjet procedures using screw versus suture-button fixation, finding comparable results between the two methods. The study controlled for surgical experience by stratifying patients into early, late, and suture-button groups. These results support the equivalence of both fixation techniques in achieving stable graft healing and functional recovery at one year.

13. Boutros M, Awad G, Saad J, et al. Arthroscopic vs Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261443999

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared contemporary arthroscopic and open Bankart repairs for anterior shoulder instability, finding no significant differences in instability rates, functional outcomes, or complications between the two techniques. The analysis included 32 comparative studies, with subgroup analyses showing consistent results across different publication periods. This supports the conclusion that modern arthroscopic Bankart repair is clinically equivalent to open repair.

30. Peckston DC, Deng D, Farshidfar SS, et al. A Comparison of Arthroscopic Bankart Repair and the Latarjet Procedure in Contact Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261441255

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) and the Latarjet procedure in contact athletes with anterior shoulder instability, analyzing data from 29 studies. The Latarjet procedure demonstrated significantly lower recurrence rates and higher return-to-sport rates compared to ABR. These findings support the Latarjet procedure as the preferred surgical option for contact athletes seeking to minimize instability recurrence and facilitate a return to play.

41. Luco JB, Larrague C, Brandariz R, et al. When appropriately indicated, isolated arthroscopic Bankart repair remains an excellent option for anterior glenohumeral instability in athletes. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261446218

This retrospective cohort study evaluated outcomes of isolated arthroscopic Bankart repair in 205 athletes under 30 years old with a minimum four-year follow-up. The procedure demonstrated high success rates, with 93.2% returning to sport and significant improvements in functional scores, while maintaining high recurrence-free survival. These findings support isolated arthroscopic Bankart repair as an excellent option for appropriately selected athletes with anterior glenohumeral instability.

79. Miyasaka Y, Hoshika S, Matsuki K, et al. Return to play and recovery metrics after arthroscopic Bankart repair with augmentations in rugby players. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100649

The study investigated return-to-play metrics and recovery factors in rugby players following arthroscopic Bankart repair with augmentations for anterior shoulder instability. It analyzed the relationships between postoperative range of motion, pain, psychological factors, and athletic performance to better understand the recovery trajectory in this high-demand population.

89. Ruderman L, Lorentz S, Amanah AY, et al. Arthroscopic distal clavicle autograft with suture button fixation for shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss: a case series. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100667

This case series evaluated the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic distal clavicle autograft with suture button fixation for glenoid bone loss in recurrent shoulder instability. The study demonstrated that this technique is a safe and effective option for reconstruction, with stable acromioclavicular joint distances maintained at minimum one-year follow-up. These findings support the use of arthroscopic DCA as a viable, cost-effective solution for managing significant glenoid bone loss.

182. Gustavo Armando T, José Rene C, Verónica Itzel V, et al. Pectoralis Minor Reattachment in Latarjet Procedure: Improvement of Scapular Stability in High-Performance Contact Athletes— Retrospective Cohort Comparison. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.045

A retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of pectoralis minor reattachment during the Latarjet procedure on scapular stability in high-performance contact athletes. The intervention group, which underwent reattachment, demonstrated a lower incidence of scapular dyskinesis and improved functional outcomes compared to those without reattachment. These findings support pectoralis minor reattachment to enhance scapular mechanics in this specific athletic population.

186. Schanda JE, Tomanek FM, Conner-Rilk S, et al. Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Using the Labral Bridge Technique Reveals Excellent Outcomes at a Minimum Follow-up of 2 Years: A Retrospective Case Series. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261438108

This retrospective case series evaluated clinical outcomes following arthroscopic Bankart repair using the labral bridge technique for traumatic shoulder instability. The study found excellent short-term outcomes with high patient satisfaction and stability scores at a minimum two-year follow-up. These results suggest the labral bridge technique is a viable option for achieving anatomic healing and lasting stability in selected patients.

211. Adan F, Olson C, Austin CN, et al. Arthroscopic Bankart Repair with Remplissage versus Open Bankart Repair: A Multicenter Retrospective Comparative Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/2325967126s00044

This multicenter retrospective study compared postoperative outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage against open Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability. The analysis revealed comparable functional outcomes and stability rates between the two surgical approaches in high-risk patients. Both techniques appear to be viable options for managing instability, allowing for individualized surgical planning.

213. Lin R, Charles S, Karimi A, et al. Validation of the Pittsburgh Instability Tool (PIT) Score: The PIT Score Predicts Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization in Patients with Subcritical Bone Loss. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/2325967126s00051

This study validated the Pittsburgh Instability Tool (PIT) score as a predictor of short-term failure following arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization in patients with subcritical bone loss. The PIT score effectively stratified patients by risk, helping to identify those who might benefit from remplissage augmentation. This tool aids surgeons in preoperative planning and patient counseling regarding recurrence risks.

Risk Factors and Perioperative Management (11)

4. Lauck BJ, Bank NC, Davis WR, et al. Extended oral antibiotic prophylaxis does not reduce periprosthetic joint infection after primary outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty: A matched cohort analysis. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261451169

This reader study evaluated whether artificial intelligence assistance improves clinician sensitivity and diagnostic confidence in detecting Bankart and reverse Bankart lesions on MRI and MRA. The results indicated that AI assistance significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and confidence for orthopaedic clinicians, suggesting its potential utility in streamlining the interpretation of complex shoulder imaging for athletic injuries.

43. Florentino SA, Berk AN, Good LM, et al. Nontobacco Nicotine Dependence Is Associated With Perioperative Complications and Repeat Surgery After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70189

This large database study compared perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair, finding that nontobacco nicotine dependence is associated with significantly higher risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, and pneumonia compared to non-users. Although nontobacco users had lower emergency department utilization than traditional tobacco users, their complication rates remained elevated relative to controls. These results suggest that nontobacco nicotine dependence is a significant risk factor for adverse perioperative events.

44. Ernat JJ. Editorial Commentary : Tobacco or Not—All Nicotine Products Negatively Impact Rotator Cuff Surgery. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70199

This editorial commentary emphasizes that all nicotine products, including nontobacco alternatives, negatively impact rotator cuff surgery outcomes, mirroring the risks associated with traditional tobacco use. It argues that clinical knowledge regarding surgical risk factors must evolve to address the rising prevalence of these newer nicotine delivery methods. The author calls for updated guidelines to account for these emerging public health trends in orthopaedic practice.

144. Xiao AX, Trotter M, Sampson H, et al. The use of cold therapy unit in the postoperative period influences pain and narcotic use following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.08.026

This prospective cohort trial assessed the impact of a standardized cold therapy unit protocol on postoperative pain and opioid consumption following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients using the cold therapy units reported reduced pain levels and decreased narcotic use during the first postoperative week compared to standard care. These findings support the integration of cold therapy into postoperative protocols to enhance pain management and reduce opioid reliance.

163. Brown C, Johnson AH, Brennan JC, et al. Osteoporosis is a risk factor for complications and reoperations at 1 and 3 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101678

This propensity-matched retrospective study evaluated the impact of osteoporosis on complications and reoperations within one and three years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients with osteoporosis demonstrated significantly higher rates of frozen shoulder and proximal humerus fractures at one year compared to matched controls. The results indicate that osteoporosis is a significant risk factor for early post-operative complications, necessitating careful pre-operative counseling and monitoring.

164. Perry JS, Lauck BJ, Reed JM, et al. Low musculoskeletal health literacy is associated with inferior outcomes in total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101677

This retrospective cohort study investigated the association between musculoskeletal health literacy and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty. Patients with low health literacy scored significantly lower on the Literacy in Musculoskeletal Problems survey and experienced inferior clinical outcomes and lower satisfaction rates compared to those with normal literacy. The findings highlight the importance of assessing and addressing health literacy to optimize patient education and post-operative satisfaction in shoulder arthroplasty.

165. Sasaki T, Shitara H, Kamiyama M, et al. Relationship between pre-operative central sensitization and post-operative outcome after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair—longitudinal outcomes over 2 post-operative years. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101684

This longitudinal study evaluated the impact of pre-operative central sensitization on pain and functional outcomes over two years following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for small-to-medium tears. Patients with pre-operative central sensitization exhibited poorer post-operative pain relief and functional scores compared to those without sensitization throughout the 24-month follow-up period. These results suggest that pre-operative screening for central sensitization may help identify patients at risk for suboptimal outcomes, allowing for targeted interventions.

194. Evans H, Castle JP, Kasto J, et al. A Non-Opioid Multimodal Pain Protocol Achieves Equivalent Pain Control After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Randomized-Controlled Trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.063

This randomized controlled trial demonstrated that a non-opioid multimodal pain protocol achieves equivalent pain control and functional outcomes compared to a standard opioid protocol after total shoulder arthroplasty. The results support the implementation of non-opioid regimens as a safe and effective strategy to reduce opioid consumption without compromising postoperative pain management.

197. Streubel PN, Sahoo S, Zhang C, et al. Associations of preoperative patient mental health status, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with baseline pain, function and satisfaction in patients undergoing revision rotator cuff repairs. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.007

This study investigated preoperative factors associated with baseline pain, function, and satisfaction in patients undergoing revision rotator cuff repair, comparing them to a primary repair cohort. It found that revision patients had distinct sociodemographic and clinical profiles, including lower mental health scores and larger tear sizes, which were significantly associated with worse baseline patient-reported outcomes, informing preoperative counseling and expectation setting.

198. Eisenberg MT, Wang K, Lederman E, et al. Preoperative Anti-remodeling Osteoporotic Therapy Is Associated with Increased Periprosthetic Humeral Fracture Risk. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.065

This retrospective cohort study using a national claims database found that preoperative use of anti-remodeling osteoporotic therapy, such as bisphosphonates, is associated with an increased risk of periprosthetic humeral fracture within one year after shoulder arthroplasty. These results suggest that surgeons should carefully weigh the benefits of anti-remodeling agents against the potential for increased fracture risk when managing osteoporotic patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.

217. Kirkham MS, Carlson HB, Merrill E, et al. Do Wound Protectors Reduce Contamination in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.048

This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether wound protector devices reduce deep wound bacterial colonization in primary total shoulder arthroplasty. The study found no significant difference in Cutibacterium acnes colonization rates between the protector and control groups, though it also assessed soft tissue injury outcomes. These results suggest that wound protectors may not offer a microbiological advantage in preventing shoulder prosthetic joint infection.

Other articles this month

5. Hems T. Outcomes of nerve transfer and grafting for recovery of glenohumeral joint motion after brachial plexus injury. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261449996

This study reviewed outcomes of nerve transfers and grafting for shoulder motion recovery after brachial plexus injuries, finding that axillary nerve reinnervation via C5 nerve grafts yielded the best median active shoulder abduction. The results indicate that surgical approach and injury level significantly influence functional recovery, with earlier intervention and specific graft techniques associated with better abduction outcomes.

10. Hali K, Manzo MA, Mckellar S, et al. Sleep quality after shoulder arthroplasty – A systematic review. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261450975

This systematic review analyzed sleep quality outcomes following shoulder arthroplasty, finding that while preoperative sleep disturbance is highly prevalent, significant improvement typically occurs by six months post-surgery. However, a minority of patients continue to experience persistent sleep difficulties despite functional gains. These findings suggest that while shoulder arthroplasty generally improves sleep, clinicians should monitor for persistent issues in a subset of patients.

12. Longo UG, Marino M, Candela V, et al. The substantial economic burden of rotator cuff pathology: A nationwide cost‐of‐illness study. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/ksa.70411

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physiotherapist-led interventions for glenohumeral osteoarthritis, finding low-certainty evidence that postoperative physiotherapy protocols did not significantly differ in patient-reported outcomes. Only four randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, all focusing on postoperative settings without placebo controls. The limited evidence suggests a need for higher-quality research to determine the optimal physiotherapy approaches for this condition.

14. Muhammad DG, Foster NE, Pelaez M, et al. The effectiveness of physiotherapy-led non-surgical and perioperative interventions for glenohumeral osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261450961

Précis unavailable.

15. Aydın A, Çakar B, Uzun MF, et al. Correction: The effects of N-acetylcysteine and adipose-derived stem cells on tendon healing in chronic rotator cuff tears: a rabbit model study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09945-0

This correction notice addresses a typographical error in the author's name from a previously published study on N-acetylcysteine and adipose-derived stem cells for tendon healing in a rabbit model. The correction updates the spelling of one author's name to ensure accurate attribution. The original study's findings regarding the effects of these treatments on chronic rotator cuff tears remain unchanged.

16. Witten A, Thorborg K, Hölmich P, et al. Association between acromial morphology, scapular control, ultrasonographic impingement and non‐surgical treatment outcome in patients with isolated subacromial pain syndrome. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/ksa.70424

This study investigated the association between acromial morphology, scapular control, and ultrasonographic impingement with treatment outcomes in patients with subacromial pain syndrome undergoing non-surgical physiotherapy. The results indicated that these specific pathophysiological factors were not significantly associated with the change in disability scores after three months of treatment. This suggests that these imaging and clinical measures may not reliably predict response to conservative management in isolated subacromial pain syndrome.

17. Haneberg E, Harkin W, Singh H, et al. Smoking, Diabetes, Workers' Compensation, and Traumatic Tears Are Risk Factors for Postoperative Shoulder Stiffness After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70328

This retrospective matched-case study identified smoking, diabetes, workers' compensation status, traumatic tears, and non-English language as significant risk factors for postoperative shoulder stiffness requiring arthroscopic release after rotator cuff repair. These findings highlight specific patient populations at higher risk for poor mobility outcomes, suggesting the need for targeted preoperative counseling and enhanced postoperative rehabilitation protocols for these individuals.

18. Boutros M, Awad G, Hamyeh A, et al. Response to Letter to the Editor regarding “Arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair: A meta-analysis”. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261451501

The authors clarify that their meta-analysis specifically compared outcomes between arthroscopic and mini-open surgical techniques rather than evaluating the efficacy of surgery versus nonoperative care. By distinguishing the study's technical comparison from broader debates on surgical necessity, they argue that the lack of sham controls does not invalidate the findings regarding the relative merits of the two surgical approaches.

21. Shirinskiy IJ, Buijze GA, Ring D, et al. Reaction to “Arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair: A meta-analysis”. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261451500

The authors express concern that comparing arthroscopic and mini-open techniques implicitly assumes surgical benefit without addressing whether defect closure itself provides specific advantages over nonoperative care. They cite evidence from sham surgery trials suggesting that symptom relief may stem from nonspecific effects rather than the surgical intervention, questioning the current framing of rotator cuff surgery efficacy.

22. Leonard JP. Editorial Commentary : The Glenoid Labrum: Two Distinct Morphologies to Match the Complex Function of the Shoulder. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70222

This commentary describes the glenoid labrum as having two distinct morphologies: a loose, mobile superior portion and a firm, static inferior portion, which together balance shoulder mobility and stability. Understanding these anatomical differences is crucial for clinicians, as the varying structural properties influence the diagnosis and treatment strategies for different types of glenoid labral injuries.

23. Popper HR, Baker W, Fliegel B, et al. Damaging Noise Levels Are Seen in Arthroscopic Surgery. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70226

This study measured intraoperative noise levels during arthroscopic shoulder, hip, and knee surgeries, finding that maximum decibel levels consistently exceeded 85 dB, with shoulder procedures generating the highest peaks. Although time-weighted averages remained below high-risk thresholds, the frequent exposure to peak noise levels suggests a potential occupational hearing hazard for surgical teams that warrants protective measures.

25. Levy O, Natera L, Dutta A, et al. Exploring options in revision shoulder arthroplasty: Is a humeral stem necessary in revision reverse shoulders?. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261440361

This study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of revising stemmed total shoulder arthroplasty to stemless metaphyseal reverse TSA in ten patients to preserve bone stock. The results demonstrated that this stemless approach effectively addresses pain and instability while maintaining humeral bone integrity. This technique offers a viable option for preserving future surgical options in younger patients requiring revision arthroplasty.

26. Craddock G, Obinero C, McKellar K, et al. Prognostic value of one-week postoperative pain for early recovery after total shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261447366

Researchers analyzed the prognostic value of one-week postoperative pain scores on recovery trajectories following total shoulder arthroplasty in 217 patients. Higher pain levels at one week were associated with worse functional outcomes through six months, although differences resolved by one year. These findings suggest that early pain assessment can help identify patients at risk for delayed recovery, allowing for targeted interventions.

27. Tytherleigh-Strong G, Morris F, Hill F. Recurrent anterior sternoclavicular joint instability secondary to clavicle fracture malunion treated by corrective clavicle osteotomy using 3D patient-specific guides and anterior sternoclavicular joint stabilisation. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261448866

This case series examined the efficacy of corrective clavicle osteotomy using 3D patient-specific guides combined with sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) stabilization for treating recurrent anterior SCJ instability secondary to clavicle malunion. All five patients achieved stable joints and significant improvements in functional scores and patient satisfaction at a mean follow-up of 35 months. This combined surgical approach provides a reliable solution for restoring biomechanics and stability in complex clavicular malunions.

29. Koç E, Seker C, Sensoy AA, et al. Delayed refixation of a lesser tuberosity avulsion fracture in a young male with open growth plate: successful repair four years after missed injury. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09955-y

This case report describes the successful delayed repair of a lesser tuberosity avulsion fracture four years after the initial injury in a 19-year-old male with an open growth plate. Surgical fixation using suture anchors in a double-row technique restored full range of motion and internal rotation strength within six months. The case underscores the importance of considering chronic avulsion fractures in adolescents with persistent internal rotation weakness, even years after trauma.

32. Paciotti M, De Rosa A, Di Fabio S, et al. Preoperative glenoid retroversion does not influence postoperative outcomes or glenoid lateralization after reverse shoulder arthroplasty at a minimum 2-year follow-up: A retrospective cohort study from the FP-UCBM Shoulder Study Group. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261450197

This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether preoperative glenoid retroversion influences outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) when intraoperative correction to neutral orientation is performed. Analysis of 161 patients showed that preoperative retroversion did not significantly affect clinical outcomes or glenoid lateralization at a minimum two-year follow-up. The findings suggest that systematic intraoperative correction can mitigate the potential negative impact of preoperative deformity on RTSA success.

36. Kelly RJ, LeVasseur C, Moon CH, et al. In Vivo 3‐Dimensional Glenohumeral Joint Geometry Based Upon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Analysis Shows Deeper, Thicker, and Taller Glenoid Labrum Morphology at 12 O’Clock Position in Healthy Young Adults. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70221

This study utilized 3D imaging to characterize location- and sex-specific glenoid labrum morphology in healthy young adults. It found that the labrum is deeper, thicker, and taller at the 12 o'clock position, with significant variations in dimensions across different clockface locations. These detailed morphological insights provide a baseline for understanding normal joint geometry and its contribution to glenohumeral stability.

37. Henssler L, Drenkard D, Riedl M, et al. Gene expression and histological assessment of capsular fibrosis in post-traumatic shoulder stiffness following plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures: an exploratory pilot study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09944-1

This pilot study analyzed gene expression and histology in joint capsules from patients with post-traumatic shoulder stiffness following proximal humeral fracture fixation. It identified specific molecular and histological changes, including type V collagen alterations, associated with capsular fibrosis compared to acute fracture samples. These findings help elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stiffness, potentially guiding future therapeutic targets.

38. Kin Y, Sugaya H, Onishi K, et al. Surgical Management of SLAP Lesions in Baseball Throwers: Posterosuperior and Posterior Labral Debridement With or Without Anterosuperior Repair Yields High Return to Play Rates. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261442967

This study evaluated the outcomes of posterosuperior and posterior labral debridement with selective anterosuperior repair for SLAP lesions in baseball throwers. The surgical strategy yielded high return-to-play rates, challenging the notion that rigid fixation of the posterosuperior labrum is necessary. This approach suggests that debridement without rigid fixation may be more effective for overhead athletes by preventing overconstraint and persistent pain.

40. Goh RSJ, Chong B, Phua SKA, et al. Arthroscopic Treatment Shows Noninferior Outcomes to Open Treatment for Native Glenohumeral Septic Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70173

This systematic review compared arthroscopic versus open treatment for native glenohumeral septic arthritis, focusing on reinfection rates and functional outcomes. The analysis showed that arthroscopic treatment yields noninferior outcomes to open treatment regarding reinfection and functional recovery. Arthroscopy may therefore be a viable, less invasive alternative for managing native glenohumeral septic arthritis.

42. Hodgetts CJ, Vincent K, Daffin L, et al. Adherence to clinical guidelines in treating degenerative disorders of the supraspinatus tendon: A descriptive baseline analysis of surgical vs. conservative approaches in a 12-month observational study. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261442570

This observational study analyzed baseline data from 189 patients to assess adherence to clinical guidelines in managing degenerative supraspinatus disorders. Results indicated that clinicians generally adhered to guidelines, with impingement and tendinopathy managed conservatively and full-thickness tears more frequently recommended for surgery. The study highlights that clinical decision-making aligns with diagnostic severity, though variations in surgical indicators persist among practitioners.

45. Gonzalez R, Dean O, Nakken ER, et al. Rate of Ipsilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Increases After Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100987

This retrospective cohort study using Medicare claims data found that the incidence of ipsilateral carpal tunnel syndrome is 46% higher than the contralateral side within one year following shoulder arthroplasty. The risk was particularly elevated in patients undergoing surgery for rotator cuff tears compared to those with osteoarthritis. These findings suggest a significant association between shoulder arthroplasty and subsequent development of ipsilateral carpal tunnel syndrome.

46. Rivas R, Muhammad E, Love A, et al. High energy clavicle shaft fractures consistently occur at the inflection point: defining morphology and correlation with fracture patterns. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101623

This study utilized 3D modeling to demonstrate that high-energy midshaft clavicle fractures consistently occur at the anatomical inflection point of the clavicle's curvature. Morphometric analysis of 100 fractures confirmed a strong correlation between this specific geometric transition and fracture location. This finding provides a biomechanical explanation for the predictable location of midshaft clavicle fractures under high-energy stress.

47. Adams NC, Bank N, Kotseos CQ, et al. Shoulder arthroplasty in the osteoporotic patient: do bisphosphonates make a difference?. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101629

This propensity-matched study using the TriNetX database investigated whether bisphosphonate management improves outcomes in osteoporotic patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty. The results indicated no significant difference in postoperative complications or outcomes between osteoporotic patients managed with bisphosphonates and those who were not. These findings suggest that bisphosphonate therapy may not alter surgical risk profiles in this specific patient population.

48. Frear AJ, Wong VR, Makarczyk MJ, et al. A multiplanar humeral head osteotomy results in significantly improved bone compression strength compared to a standard humeral head osteotomy in stemless total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101631

This biomechanical study compared bone compression strength in fresh-frozen humeral heads prepared with either a standard osteotomy or a multiplanar osteotomy for stemless total shoulder arthroplasty. The multiplanar technique resulted in significantly improved bone compression strength compared to the standard cut, likely due to preserved subchondral bone. This suggests that multiplanar osteotomy may enhance implant fixation stability in patients with poor metaphyseal bone quality.

49. Shannon MF, Nash A, Lin RT, et al. Timing of corticosteroid injection within 1 year prior to rotator cuff repair was not associated with increased risk of repair failure. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101632

This retrospective study evaluated whether the timing of a single corticosteroid injection within one year prior to rotator cuff repair affects repair failure or clinical outcomes. The key finding was that corticosteroid injection timing was not associated with increased risk of repair failure or worse patient-reported outcomes. Clinically, this suggests that preoperative corticosteroid injections do not necessarily compromise rotator cuff repair success regardless of when they are administered.

50. Okubo A, Yotsumoto T, Nakamura E, et al. Clinical outcomes of muscle advancement technique for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: comparison between cases with and without subscapularis tendon tear. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101633

This study compared clinical outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the muscle advancement technique in patients with and without subscapularis tendon tears. Results indicated that the presence of a subscapularis tear did not significantly negatively impact clinical scores or cuff integrity compared to those without tears. These findings support the use of the muscle advancement technique as a viable option even when subscapularis involvement is present.

51. Corban J, Alaqaili S, Coden G, et al. Prescription testosterone is associated with increased risk of infection-related and all-cause reoperations after primary total shoulder arthroplasty in male patients. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101634

This retrospective cohort study analyzed the association between prescription testosterone use and reoperation risks following primary total shoulder arthroplasty in male patients. The study found that testosterone prescription was associated with a significantly increased risk of both infection-related and all-cause reoperations. Clinicians should consider these elevated risks when managing male patients on testosterone therapy undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.

52. Matsuzawa G, Hatta T, Sasajima K, et al. Optimizing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for combined loss of elevation and external rotation: latissimus dorsi and teres major transfer, lateralization, or both?. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101636

This study evaluated the efficacy of latissimus dorsi and teres major transfer versus humeral lateralization in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for patients with combined loss of elevation and external rotation. The findings suggest that combining muscle transfer with lateralization may offer superior functional outcomes compared to either intervention alone in this complex patient population. This supports a tailored surgical approach addressing both muscle deficiency and biomechanical factors.

53. Kobayashi JK, Sow M, Aibinder WR. Optimal screening for prediction of referral and outcome score is a strong predictor of shoulder pain and function in glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff arthropathy. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101637

This study assessed the impact of psychological distress, measured by the OSPRO-YF score, on pain and function in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff arthropathy. The key finding was that higher psychological distress scores were strong predictors of poorer patient-reported outcomes and pain levels. Screening for psychological factors is clinically important for predicting surgical outcomes and managing patient expectations.

54. Petersson AH, Samuelsson JM, Björnsson Hallgren HC, et al. Translation of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101638

This study translated the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index into Swedish and evaluated its psychometric properties in patients with subacromial pain. The Swedish version demonstrated high validity, reliability, and responsiveness, with a determined minimal important change value. This validated tool can now be used to accurately assess treatment outcomes and patient progress in Swedish-speaking populations.

55. Moriya M, Tasaki A, Nozaki T, et al. Related factors for coracoid nonunion in the treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability with arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Bristow procedure. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101641

This study identified factors associated with coracoid nonunion in athletes undergoing combined arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Bristow procedure for anterior shoulder instability. The analysis revealed that specific surgical parameters, such as screw angle and bone contact, were significantly related to nonunion rates. Optimizing these technical factors during surgery may help reduce the risk of coracoid nonunion and improve stability outcomes.

56. Sim BS, Kim YK. Prevalence and grade of scapular dyskinesis in patients with shoulder injuries: a cross-sectional study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101643

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and severity of scapular dyskinesis in patients with shoulder injuries compared to noninjured shoulders. The results showed a significantly higher prevalence and severity of scapular dyskinesis in injured shoulders, particularly in those with long-standing symptoms. Routine assessment and treatment of scapular dyskinesis are recommended to improve dysfunction in patients with shoulder injuries.

57. Hirakawa Y, Manaka T, Nakazawa K, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures and clinician-based scores after reverse shoulder arthroplasty in Asian patients: patient-reported outcome measures may be sufficient beyond 1 year. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101646

This retrospective study compared patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinician-based scores in 211 Asian patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty over two years. The findings indicate that PROMs, such as the ASES score, sufficiently reflect recovery beyond one year post-operation. Clinically, this suggests PROMs may replace clinician evaluations for long-term follow-up in this population.

58. Hesseling B, Berends Y, van der Linden S, et al. Complete fulfillment of expectations is associated with greater satisfaction after shoulder arthroplasty: results from a prospective multicenter cohort study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101651

This prospective multicenter cohort study analyzed the relationship between pre-operative expectations, expectation fulfillment, and post-operative satisfaction in 230 shoulder arthroplasty patients. Results demonstrated that complete fulfillment of pre-operative expectations is significantly associated with greater post-operative satisfaction, independent of baseline optimism. These findings highlight the importance of managing patient expectations to improve satisfaction outcomes.

59. Kawashima I, Matsuki K, Takahashi N, et al. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional implant-based scapulohumeral rhythm measurements derived from two radiographic images in shoulders with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101654

This basic science study validated the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) scapulohumeral rhythm measurements against precise three-dimensional (3D) models in 35 shoulders with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis confirmed that 2D measurements derived from two radiographic images are valid proxies for 3D kinematic assessments. This supports the clinical utility of simpler 2D radiographic methods for evaluating shoulder mechanics post-surgery.

60. Yu JS, Wahle C, Heo K, et al. Implant prices and physician reimbursement have declined more than total costs and hospital payments in total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101656

This study analyzed trends in total shoulder arthroplasty costs, reimbursements, and implant prices from 2010 to 2022 using national claims and registry data. It found that while implant prices declined substantially, total costs and physician reimbursements decreased less, leading to a widening gap. This implies that cost-containment efforts must address non-implant expenses to align with value-based care goals.

61. Stirma GA, Belangero PS, Schmidt Lara PH, et al. Evaluating coracoid graft geometry for glenoid bone loss: a comparative study of stress distribution and contact mechanics. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100608

This finite element analysis compared the biomechanical performance of natural versus modified coracoid grafts for glenoid bone loss reconstruction. Modified grafts with flattened surfaces demonstrated superior stress distribution and contact consistency as bone loss increased beyond 2%. These results suggest modified graft geometry may enhance biomechanical stability in cases of significant glenoid bone loss.

62. Abildgaard M, Karimi D, Andreasen KR, et al. Treatment of isolated greater tuberosity fractures: a scoping review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100611

This scoping review synthesized existing literature on the management of isolated greater tuberosity fractures to address the lack of evidence-based guidelines. The review highlighted ongoing debates regarding acceptable displacement thresholds and the optimal balance between nonoperative and operative treatments. It provides a comprehensive overview to inform clinical decision-making in the absence of standardized protocols.

63. Narvel RR, Wasylyk N, Bell J. Glenohumeral arthrodesis utilizing intraoperative computer navigation: a case report and surgical technique. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100621

This case report describes a glenohumeral arthrodesis performed using intraoperative computer navigation for a patient with a flail shoulder. The technique demonstrated that computer navigation can enhance precision in achieving optimal fusion positioning. This approach offers a viable surgical option for patients who are poor candidates for joint replacement.

64. Dávila BPT, Vargas Lara RA, Chaves Lara CA, et al. The role of emotional disorders in frozen shoulder: results of a binational study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100623

This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of anxiety and depression in 60 patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder using the Goldberg scale. The results revealed that a majority of patients (71.6%) presented with both anxiety and depression, while only 15% had no psychological disorders. These findings suggest that emotional disorders are frequently associated with frozen shoulder and should be routinely assessed during patient evaluation.

65. Matsui Y, Menjo Y, Hojo Y, et al. Preoperative humeral computed tomography may be a useful indicator of low bone mineral density in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100624

This retrospective study evaluated the correlation between preoperative proximal humerus CT Hounsfield unit values and systemic bone mineral density in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. The greater tuberosity HU values showed significant association with systemic BMD, suggesting that preoperative CT can serve as a useful indicator for identifying low bone mineral density in these patients.

66. Cardona-Perez V, Lugo E, Rivera AR, et al. Use of locking humeral stems in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for complex proximal humerus fractures: a scoping review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100625

This scoping review analyzed clinical and radiographic outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using locking humeral stems for complex proximal humerus fractures. The findings indicate that this technique yields satisfactory functional outcomes and tuberosity healing rates with a low overall complication rate, supporting its use as a viable fixation strategy.

67. Fossum BW, You DZ, Rudisill SS, et al. Management of a proximal humerus nonunion with an extramedullary calcar replacing iliac crest autograft: surgical technique and review of the literature. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100626

This article describes a surgical technique for managing proximal humerus nonunion using an extramedullary calcar-replacing iliac crest autograft, accompanied by a literature review. The approach addresses complex fracture patterns and poor bone quality, offering a reconstructive option for challenging nonunion cases that may not respond to standard treatments.

68. Lohre R, Koljaka S, Wiley N, et al. Outcomes of endoscopic, thoracic segment long thoracic nerve decompression. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100629

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated various skin preparation methods to determine the most effective strategies for preventing shoulder surgical site infections. The analysis aimed to identify optimal preoperative protocols, highlighting the variability in current practices and the need for standardized, evidence-based preparation techniques.

69. Baek CH, Kim BT, Bensaka M, et al. Body mass index does not affect clinical outcomes following arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100634

Précis unavailable.

70. Narulla RS, Ting R, Sima S, et al. Shoulder surgery preparation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100637

Précis unavailable.

71. Crawford AE, Mussell EA, Ithurburn MP, et al. Predictors of outcomes following double-row rotator cuff repair: an assessment of all-suture or solid medial row anchor utilization at a single high-volume institution. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100639

Précis unavailable.

72. Karpyshyn J, Boileau P. Accessory subscapularis muscle: implications for muscle splitting during arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100640

Précis unavailable.

73. Dedeoğlu SS, Ayaz MB, Şahbat Y, et al. Acromion bone block transfer with preserving coracoacromial ligament for surgical treatment of anterior instability novel method (Reverse Latarjet). JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100641

The authors describe a novel surgical technique, termed Reverse Latarjet, which involves transferring an acromion bone block while preserving the coracoacromial ligament to treat anterior shoulder instability. This technical note introduces a new method for surgical stabilization that may offer alternative biomechanical advantages for managing recurrent dislocations.

74. Percin B, Wang JC, Joyce CC, et al. Does estradiol supplementation improve rotator cuff repair outcomes in postmenopausal women?. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100642

This retrospective study evaluated whether estradiol supplementation via hormone replacement therapy improves functional outcomes and healing rates in postmenopausal women undergoing rotator cuff repair. The findings aim to clarify the potential role of hormonal status in surgical success, addressing the high failure rate associated with estradiol deficiency in this population.

75. Shibata T, Miyake S, Miyazaki K, et al. Low reoperation rate following arthroscopic débridement using diluted povidone-iodine irrigation for septic shoulder arthritis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100643

The study assessed the efficacy of arthroscopic irrigation and débridement using diluted povidone-iodine for septic shoulder arthritis, finding a low reoperation rate for reinfection and no adverse effects from the antiseptic. However, functional outcomes were significantly worse in patients who experienced radiographic progression of glenohumeral arthritis, highlighting the risk of joint degeneration despite infection control.

76. Mekhail J, Mullan R, Cross JL, et al. Outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty vs. other surgical fixation methods for proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100644

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, and open reduction internal fixation for proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients. The results provide evidence on the comparative effectiveness of these surgical options regarding functional scores, complications, and revision rates to guide optimal treatment strategies.

77. Hysong AA, Day J, Chennoju M, et al. A biomechanical comparison of hook plate vs. superolateral locking plate with coracoclavicular suture fixation for distal third clavicle fractures with coracoclavicular ligament disruption. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100645

A biomechanical study compared hook plates and superolateral locking plates with coracoclavicular suture fixation for unstable distal clavicle fractures, finding that the latter demonstrated significantly less displacement and higher load-to-failure strength. These results suggest that superolateral locking plates with suture augmentation may offer superior mechanical stability compared to hook plates in this fracture pattern.

78. Klimov A, Freislederer F, Pieringer A, et al. Severe glenohumeral ankylosis following revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100647

This case report describes a rare instance of severe glenohumeral ankylosis following revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty, emphasizing the potential for significant heterotopic ossification to restrict joint mobility. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring and managing heterotopic ossification risks in revision shoulder surgery to preserve postoperative function.

80. Suarez Romero FA, Celeita Medina DC, Ruiz Cardenas MC, et al. Anatomical characterization of sternoclavicular joint and correlation of arthroscopic portals and structures at risk: a cadaveric study on Colombian specimen. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100650

This cadaveric study anatomically characterized the sternoclavicular joint to identify safe arthroscopic portals and define the posterior capsule as a critical protective barrier against mediastinal structures. The measurements provide essential safety guidelines for surgeons performing arthroscopic procedures in this high-risk anatomical region.

81. Guy CR, Burke J, Thorne T, et al. Talus allograft for bipolar bone loss in locked anterior shoulder fracture dislocation. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100652

This case report describes the use of a talus allograft to address bipolar bone loss in a patient with a locked anterior shoulder fracture dislocation. The procedure successfully restored joint stability and function, demonstrating the viability of this grafting technique for complex shoulder instability. This highlights a potential surgical option for managing severe combined glenoid and humeral bone defects.

82. Medina G, Boraschi Vieira Ribas LH, Schor B, et al. Acute pectoralis major tendon tear repair with semitendinosus augmentation: case series. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100653

This case series presents the repair of acute pectoralis major tendon tears using semitendinosus allograft augmentation in multiple patients. The technique resulted in satisfactory functional outcomes and return to activity, suggesting it is a viable option for significant tendon defects. This approach may improve repair strength and healing in high-demand athletes with acute ruptures.

83. Lauck BJ, Reynolds AW, Ritter JL, et al. A survey of surgical technique preferences for lower trapezius tendon transfer for functionally irreparable rotator cuff tears. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100658

A survey of shoulder surgeons revealed substantial variability in techniques for lower trapezius tendon transfer, including graft choice and fixation methods. Most respondents use arthroscopic assistance and Achilles allografts, but rehabilitation protocols and contraindications differ widely. This lack of standardization suggests that outcome comparisons across studies may be confounded by technical differences.

84. Ajjawi I, Seddio AE, Ansah-Twum JK, et al. Outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair adversely affected by underlying diagnosis of glenohumeral osteoarthritis: a matched cohort analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100659

This matched cohort analysis found that underlying glenohumeral osteoarthritis negatively impacts short- and long-term outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients with osteoarthritis experienced higher rates of adverse events and poorer functional scores compared to those without. These findings suggest that pre-existing arthritis should be carefully considered when counseling patients about rotator cuff repair prognosis.

85. Yazdanpanah S, Talaski GM, Smith MS, et al. Low short-term complication rates following acromioclavicular joint surgery: a large database study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100660

This large database study demonstrated low short-term complication rates following acromioclavicular joint surgery, contrasting with higher long-term complication rates reported in other literature. Operative time was identified as a significant risk factor for increased complications. These results provide reassurance regarding the safety of AC joint surgery in the immediate postoperative period.

86. Plug KM, Broekman MM, Ring D, et al. The role of patient and surgeon characteristics on the treatment decision for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in athletes: a global survey. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100662

A global survey of surgeons identified patient and surgeon characteristics that influence the decision to operate on displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in athletes. Factors such as the level of competition, timing within the season, and surgeon specialty significantly affected the likelihood of recommending surgery. These insights help clarify the decision-making process for managing clavicle fractures in athletic populations.

87. Waltenspül M, Kiss S, Bouaicha S, et al. Biomechanical analysis of single-row anchor, double-row anchor, and single-row knotless tape repair techniques for complete subscapularis tears. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100664

This biomechanical study compared single-row, double-row, and knotless tape repair techniques for complete subscapularis tears, finding that double-row repair provided superior footprint coverage. However, stiffness and cyclic displacement were comparable across all techniques, and ultimate load to failure did not differ significantly. Double-row repair may offer better anatomical restoration, though all techniques demonstrated adequate initial biomechanical strength.

88. Stehling L, Ricker E, Klute L, et al. Surgical vs. nonsurgical treatment of extra-articular scapula fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100666

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for extra-articular scapula fractures, finding that surgical management yielded better functional outcomes for scapular neck and floating shoulder fractures. Nonsurgical treatment remained a viable option for body fractures with acceptable alignment. The study provides evidence to guide treatment selection based on fracture localization.

90. Rabak OJ, Low AK. Incomplete glenosphere seating: a cause for concern. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100668

This article highlights incomplete glenosphere seating as a critical risk factor for complications such as dissociation and baseplate failure in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The authors emphasize that ensuring proper seating is essential to mitigate the high rates of mechanical failure associated with this procedure. Surgeons must prioritize intraoperative verification of component stability to improve long-term implant survival.

91. Craddock G, Obinero C, Kasto J, et al. A reproducible wafered lesser tuberosity osteotomy technique with transosseous box configuration for subscapularis repair in stemless total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100669

The authors describe a reproducible surgical technique for stemless total shoulder arthroplasty utilizing a wafered lesser tuberosity osteotomy with a transosseous box configuration for subscapularis repair. This method aims to provide secure fixation and facilitate healing while preserving bone stock in anatomic shoulder replacements. The technique offers a standardized approach to address subscapularis management in stemless implants.

92. Philp F, Seyres M, Emery N, et al. A study evaluating differences in 3D upper limb kinematics and surface electromyography measures in adults with and without facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100670

This study compared 3D kinematics and surface electromyography in adults with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, with and without scapulothoracic arthrodesis, against matched controls. Results revealed distinct differences in movement profiles and muscle activity patterns, particularly in scapulohumeral rhythm, between FSHD patients and healthy individuals. These findings provide valuable insights into the biomechanical deficits of FSHD to inform targeted treatment strategies.

93. Hollo D, Sprengel K. Unique case report of shoulder girdle fracture following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a 1-year follow-up. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100672

This case report describes a rare shoulder girdle fracture involving the scapular spine and clavicle following reverse shoulder arthroplasty, managed conservatively with successful outcomes at one-year follow-up. The authors highlight the importance of recognizing this unique complication pattern and considering non-operative management in select cases. This report expands the understanding of post-rTSA fracture etiologies and treatment options.

94. Baek CH, Lim C, Kim JG, et al. Rapid subscapularis degeneration after retear following reverse shoulder arthroplasty managed with secondary pectoralis major tendon transfer: a case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100673

This case report details the management of rapid subscapularis degeneration and retear after reverse shoulder arthroplasty using a secondary pectoralis major tendon transfer. The procedure successfully restored internal rotation strength and function despite significant muscle atrophy. This approach offers a salvage option for patients experiencing severe subscapularis failure following rTSA.

95. Baek CH, Kim BT, Sokołowski A, et al. Impact of body mass index on clinical outcomes following arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100674

This retrospective study compared clinical outcomes of arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears in patients with normal versus overweight body mass indices. The results indicated no significant difference in functional scores or range of motion between the two groups, supporting the hypothesis that BMI does not negatively impact surgical outcomes. These findings suggest that overweight patients can achieve similar benefits from this procedure as normal-weight patients.

96. Byrd RL, Reis RJ, Catanzaro CM, et al. No difference in outcomes for posterior shoulder instability surgery in patients with a normal vs. pathological radiologist reported magnetic resonance arthrogram study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100675

This study found no difference in clinical outcomes between patients undergoing posterior shoulder instability surgery who had normal versus pathological magnetic resonance arthrogram findings. Patients with clinical signs of instability but normal imaging still experienced significant improvement following capsulolabral repair. These results suggest that clinical examination should guide surgical decision-making over radiologic findings in posterior instability cases.

97. Prakash R, Aagesen AL, Javed N, et al. Demographic and anatomic predictors of glenoid morphology: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100676

This systematic review analyzed demographic and anatomic predictors of glenoid morphology to address variability in joint alignment and stability. The findings highlight specific factors influencing glenoid shape, providing data to inform surgical planning and improve total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes.

98. Brazier BG, Allen CB, Cook C, et al. Global shoulder instability in a seizure patient: anterior and posterior glenoid reconstruction with humeral head reconstruction. A case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100677

This case report describes the successful management of global shoulder instability in a seizure patient using combined anterior and posterior glenoid reconstruction with humeral head reconstruction. The technique demonstrates a viable surgical option for addressing complex bipolar bone loss in patients with multidirectional instability.

99. Gruber T, Vetter P, Todiraş I, et al. Acromioclavicular joint stabilization using autologous biceps for horizontal neutralization technique in the revision setting of acromioclavicular joint stabilization using autologous biceps. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100678

This technical note details a revision acromioclavicular joint stabilization technique utilizing autologous biceps tendon for horizontal neutralization after prior failure. The method offers a salvage strategy for acromioclavicular instability by leveraging local tissue to restore horizontal stability.

100. Oruc MM, Kemah B, Söylemez MS. Does clavicle shaft malunion with more than 20 mm shortening have a clinical and radiological effect on the shoulder joint?. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100679

This retrospective study compared clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with clavicular shaft fractures experiencing either ≥20 mm or ≤19 mm shortening. The results indicate that significant shortening does not negatively impact functional scores or joint health, suggesting conservative management remains appropriate for these cases.

101. Pitts T, Aibinder WR. The inconsistent reporting and effect of resilience on outcomes following shoulder surgery. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100681

This systematic review evaluated whether psychological resilience predicts clinical outcomes following shoulder surgery. The analysis suggests that resilience is a modifiable psychosocial trait potentially linked to better postoperative results, highlighting the importance of mental health in surgical recovery.

102. Hoffmeister T, Cass Z, Levy JC, et al. The role of glenoid version in arthroplasty. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100682

This narrative review assesses the impact of glenoid retroversion on outcomes in anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The findings suggest that routine correction of mild-to-moderate retroversion is often unnecessary, as adequate component seating and fixation are stronger predictors of success.

103. Nakamura Y, Yokoya S, Harada Y, et al. Risk factors for progression of supraspinatus tear size and fatty infiltration in nonsurgically treated rotator cuff tears. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100683

This retrospective study identified risk factors for the progression of supraspinatus tear size and fatty infiltration in nonsurgically treated rotator cuff tears. Understanding these predictors helps clinicians optimize follow-up intervals and treatment strategies for patients managed conservatively.

104. Miner N, Bono C, Chiu M, et al. Examining the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcome instrument in extended reality: X-DASH. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100685

This study developed and validated an extended reality version of the DASH outcome instrument (X-DASH) to standardize patient-reported assessments. The XR-based tool demonstrated usability and preliminary validity, offering a potential alternative to traditional questionnaires by reducing recall bias through standardized task simulation.

106. Wahlström P, Welin D, Nordmark P. Improving active shoulder external rotation in adults with brachial plexus birth injury and internal rotation contracture. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100688

This retrospective study assessed the outcomes of subscapular tendon step lengthening and partial coracoid resection in adults with brachial plexus birth injury. The procedure successfully improved active external rotation without sacrificing internal rotation, although greater glenoid retroversion correlated with lower gains. This technique offers a viable surgical option for enhancing shoulder function in this specific adult population.

107. Yang C, Huang DM. Unusual presentation of nonhemophilic hemosiderotic synovitis mimicking pigmented villonodular synovitis in the left shoulder, a case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100689

This case report describes a rare instance of nonhemophilic hemosiderotic synovitis in the shoulder mimicking pigmented villonodular synovitis. The unusual presentation highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between these conditions based on clinical and imaging features. Awareness of this mimicry is crucial for appropriate surgical planning and pathological diagnosis.

108. Sprowls GR, Parker M, Denninger TR, et al. Shoulder pain that is not shoulder pathology – a shoulder surgeon's guide to concomitant cervical spine and rotator cuff disease. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100690

This article presents an algorithmic approach to diagnosing and managing concomitant cervical spine and rotator cuff disease. It emphasizes the need for surgeons to maintain a high index of suspicion for cervical pathology when treating shoulder pain. Recognizing cervical conditions that may take surgical precedence is essential for optimizing patient outcomes.

109. Yazdanpanah S, Soth BT, Eskew JR, et al. Decreased clinical and functional outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures compared to rotator cuff arthropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100691

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared clinical and functional outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures versus rotator cuff arthropathy. Patients undergoing rTSA for fractures demonstrated significantly lower American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores and reduced forward flexion compared to those with arthropathy. These results indicate poorer functional outcomes for fracture indications, aiding in perioperative counseling.

110. Shimizu H, Nohara D, Nagai-Tanima M, et al. Validation of a web-based questionnaire for shoulder disorder diagnosis and staging. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100693

This cross-sectional study validated a novel web-based, self-administered questionnaire for diagnosing and staging shoulder disorders. The application demonstrated high agreement with expert physical therapist assessments across classification, disease phase, and specific diagnosis domains. This tool shows promise for standardizing remote assessment and facilitating telemedicine in shoulder care.

111. Alabdali A, AlQattan O, Ahmad H, et al. Anterior sternoclavicular joint disruption with ipsilateral medial clavicle fracture in an adolescent: case report and literature review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100697

This case report and literature review describe a rare anterior sternoclavicular joint disruption with ipsilateral medial clavicle fracture in an adolescent. The injury presented as a physeal fracture-dislocation due to the patient's skeletal immaturity, requiring open reduction. This case highlights the unique trauma patterns and management considerations for pediatric shoulder girdle injuries.

112. Takeuchi Y, Hiraiwa H, Tsukahara T. Intrathoracic migration of a Kirschner wire used for temporary glenohumeral fixation after open reduction of a subacute shoulder dislocation: a case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100699

This case report details the intrathoracic migration of a Kirschner wire used for temporary glenohumeral fixation after open reduction of a subacute shoulder dislocation. The migration resulted in pneumothorax, underscoring the risks associated with temporary fixation techniques. This highlights the need for careful monitoring and potentially alternative stabilization methods to prevent serious complications.

113. Ruderman LV, Ibarra J, Rueckert H, et al. Characterizing histological fatty accumulation, muscle atrophy, and fibrosis in relation to re-tear and revision after primary rotator cuff repair: a mean 3-year follow-up study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100702

This prospective study evaluated the association between histological features of rotator cuff muscles and re-tear rates following primary arthroscopic repair. Key findings indicate that specific histological markers of fatty accumulation, fibrosis, and atrophy correlate with surgical failure. These results suggest that histological assessment may help predict outcomes and guide patient selection for primary repairs.

116. Uno T, Mura N, Yuki I, et al. Mid-term clinical outcomes after net-like bridging arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101660

This study investigated mid-term clinical outcomes and structural integrity following net-like bridging arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with a minimum five-year follow-up. The results showed sustained functional improvement and acceptable cuff integrity rates in the long term. This technique appears to provide durable clinical benefits for patients with larger rotator cuff tears.

117. Schippers P, Cointat C, Gauci M, et al. How to measure humeral medialization and upward migration after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101655

This study validated a novel radiographic method for quantitatively measuring humeral medialization and upward migration after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. The new method demonstrated reliability in assessing complications like glenoid erosion and rotator cuff insufficiency compared to qualitative classifications. This quantitative tool may enhance the monitoring and management of post-hemiarthroplasty complications.

118. Gamble D, Ebert JR, Shales S, et al. Post-operative pain control in arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing interscalene catheters and single-shot blocks. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101661

This randomized controlled trial compared post-operative pain control and opioid consumption between single-shot interscalene blocks and continuous catheters in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The continuous catheter group reported significantly lower pain severity during the first post-operative week. This suggests continuous catheters may offer superior early pain management, though long-term functional outcomes were similar.

119. Fink J, Norceide DJ, Kahlon A, et al. Systematic reviews on tranexamic acid in shoulder arthroplasty frequently exhibit reporting bias. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100696

This study analyzed systematic reviews and meta-analyses on tranexamic acid use in shoulder arthroplasty for reporting bias, specifically spin. The findings revealed that a significant portion of these reviews exhibited spin, potentially distorting the perceived benefits of tranexamic acid. This highlights the need for critical appraisal of existing evidence to prevent misleading clinical decisions.

120. Saber A, El Dada A, Mardelli C, et al. Biologic augmentation in rotator cuff repair: current evidence and future directions. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100705

This review examined current evidence on biologic augmentation strategies, such as platelet-rich plasma and scaffolds, for improving rotator cuff repair outcomes. While preclinical and some clinical data show promise, heterogeneity in protocols limits definitive conclusions. Future research must establish standardized protocols through large-scale trials to validate clinical effectiveness.

121. Liu S, Ma L. Arthroscopic dynamic reconstruction of supraspinatus tendon with autologous fascia lata combined with artificial ligament for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.014

The authors evaluated the short-term outcomes of an arthroscopic dynamic reconstruction using autologous fascia lata and artificial ligament for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in 15 patients. Significant improvements were observed in pain, range of motion, and functional scores, with MRI confirming cuff integrity at a mean follow-up of 24 months. This technique offers a promising short-term solution for managing irreparable massive tears, though long-term durability requires further investigation.

123. Yang L, Girod MM, Saniei S, et al. Artificial intelligence to automatically identify reverse shoulder arthroplasty implant brands on postoperative radiographs including uncertainty quantification. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.011

Précis unavailable.

124. Han SC, Han J, Min YK, et al. Bucket-handle rotator cuff tear presented poor outcome after rotator cuff repair: a comparative study with propensity score matching. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.004

This propensity score-matched study compared clinical outcomes of rotator cuff repair in patients with bucket-handle tears versus other tear morphologies, finding that bucket-handle tears are associated with poorer postoperative results. The analysis identified specific factors related to this tear pattern that contribute to reduced functional recovery and higher failure rates. Clinicians should recognize bucket-handle morphology as a risk factor for suboptimal outcomes and consider this when planning surgical interventions and setting patient expectations.

125. Johnson JE, Anderson DD, Bozoghlian MF, et al. Computational analysis of compressive joint stability and acromial stress associated with varied rotator cuff integrity after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.08.023

Using finite element analysis, this study evaluated how varying glenoid lateralization and humeral distalization affect joint stability and acromial stress in reverse shoulder arthroplasty models with compromised rotator cuffs. The results indicated that increased lateralization and distalization can enhance joint compressive stability but may also alter stress distribution on the acromion, potentially influencing fracture risk. These computational insights assist surgeons in optimizing implant configuration to balance stability with the minimization of structural complications in patients with cuff deficiency.

126. Mastrocola M, Cheung E. Doxycycline sclerotherapy for recurrent acromioclavicular joint cyst: a case report. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.002

This case report describes the successful treatment of a recurrent acromioclavicular joint cyst using doxycycline sclerotherapy, a minimally invasive alternative to surgical excision. The intervention addressed the recurrence issue common with traditional treatments, offering a less morbid option for managing symptomatic cysts. This approach provides clinicians with a viable non-surgical management strategy for recurrent ACJ cysts, particularly when surgical revision is undesirable or high-risk.

127. Rojas Liévano J, Salas Damiani C, Vélez J, et al. High correlation but limited agreement: reassessing the stand-alone use of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score compared to American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score after rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.006

This study compared American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores in 302 patients following rotator cuff repair, finding high correlation but poor agreement, especially in preoperative and early postoperative phases. The wide limits of agreement indicate that the two instruments are not clinically interchangeable for assessing early recovery trajectories. Clinicians should avoid using these scores interchangeably in the early postoperative period due to significant discrepancies in patient-reported outcomes.

128. Piana Jacquot FM, Touet A, Menon A, et al. Glenoid bony anatomy in patients with epilepsy is influenced by their tonic-clonic seizure burden. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.08.022

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between tonic-clonic seizure burden and glenoid bony anatomy in epilepsy patients without shoulder instability, finding that cumulative seizure frequency influences glenoid version and vault angle. The findings suggest that repeated seizure-induced forces may cause plastic deformation or adaptive changes in glenoid morphology even in the absence of clinical dislocation. This highlights the need for careful radiographic assessment of glenoid anatomy in epilepsy patients, as seizure burden may independently contribute to structural shoulder changes.

129. Dogan AT, Demirhan M, Ercelen O, et al. Letter to the Editor regarding Burns et al: “Use of tranexamic acid reduces opioid consumption after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.11.004

Précis unavailable.

131. Czerwonka N, Mastroianni MA, Hellwinkel JE, et al. Low glenoid vault bone density is a risk factor for failure of proximal humerus fracture fixation. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.008

Précis unavailable.

132. Tenor AC, Assunção JH, Costa MP, et al. Osteosynthesis of 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures in older adults using locking plate with or without synthetic bone graft augmentation: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.013

Précis unavailable.

134. McBride A, Hurley R, Gill D, et al. Outcomes of pyrolytic carbon humeral resurfacing hemiarthroplasty compared to best-in-class total shoulder arthroplasty in young patients with osteoarthritis: analysis from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.007

Précis unavailable.

135. Chen V, Beretov J, Akbar M, et al. Pain and gain—an evaluation of the role of cytokines in rotator cuff healing. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.08.027

Précis unavailable.

136. Burns K. Response to Dogan et al regarding “Use of tranexamic acid reduces opioid consumption after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.11.005

Précis unavailable.

137. Misir A, Hancerli CO. Patellar lateral facet allograft as a potential graft source in glenoid bone reconstructions for anterior shoulder instability: an MRI-based morphometric analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.08.024

This MRI-based morphometric analysis compared the radius of curvature of the patellar lateral facet against native glenoid and distal tibial dimensions in 609 adults. The study found that the patellar lateral facet's curvature closely approximates the native glenoid, supporting its potential use as an osteochondral allograft for anatomic glenoid reconstruction. This suggests a viable alternative graft source that may reduce donor-site morbidity associated with traditional options.

139. Cardona-Perez V, Srikumaran U, Rivera AR. Reverse Equinoxe humeral reconstruction prosthesis vs. reverse allograft prosthetic composite in the setting of massive humeral bone loss: a retrospective comparative analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.003

This retrospective comparative analysis evaluated clinical outcomes and complications of reverse Equinoxe humeral reconstruction prostheses versus reverse allograft-prosthetic composites in 30 patients with massive proximal humeral bone loss. The study aimed to determine which reconstruction method provides superior functional recovery and lower complication rates over a minimum 12-month follow-up. Results will inform surgical decision-making for managing severe humeral defects during reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

140. Hamad CD, Golzar A, Sridharan M, et al. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty demonstrates improved functional outcomes and equivocal midterm survival compared to hemiarthroplasty following oncologic reconstruction in proximal humerus replacement. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.008

This retrospective cohort study compared functional outcomes and implant survivorship between hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in 173 patients undergoing oncologic proximal humerus replacement. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty demonstrated significantly greater range of motion, particularly in abduction and forward flexion, compared to hemiarthroplasty. These findings suggest rTSA may offer superior functional benefits despite similar midterm survival rates in this challenging patient population.

141. Nakamura Y, Fukushima T, Tanaka Y, et al. Risk factors for displacement after closed reduction of greater tuberosity fracture associated with shoulder dislocation. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.009

This retrospective study investigated risk factors for secondary displacement of greater tuberosity fragments following closed reduction of shoulder dislocations in 52 patients. The analysis identified specific radiographic variables, such as fracture type and fragment position, that predict the likelihood of fragment shift during follow-up. Recognizing these risk factors can help clinicians determine which patients require more vigilant monitoring or early surgical intervention to prevent malunion.

142. Azar M, Nourissat G, Antoni M. Risk of humeral implant subsidence in Easytech stemless rTSA is mainly associated with surgical technique and patient activity. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.003

This single-center retrospective study identified factors associated with humeral implant subsidence in patients undergoing stemless reverse shoulder arthroplasty with a minimum two-year follow-up. The findings indicate that subsidence is primarily linked to surgical technique and patient activity levels rather than demographic factors. Understanding these associations allows surgeons to optimize technique and counsel patients on activity modifications to mitigate the risk of component migration.

145. Werthel J, Bowler AR, Vervaecke AJ, et al. The impact of rotator cuff muscle volume on functional outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: the use of a validated muscle segmentation software. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.016

This retrospective study utilized validated CT muscle segmentation software to evaluate the relationship between preoperative rotator cuff muscle volume and functional outcomes in patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The findings aim to clarify how muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration influence postoperative range of motion and pain scores across different indications like osteoarthritis and cuff tear arthropathy. Clinically, this suggests that preoperative muscle volume assessment may help predict surgical outcomes and guide patient counseling regarding expected functional recovery.

146. Cho C, Son E, Kim SG, et al. Tracer uptake pattern around the scapula after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: stress analysis using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.09.011

This study investigated the distribution and pattern of tracer uptake around the scapula after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. By analyzing these uptake patterns, the authors aimed to understand the biomechanical stress distribution and potential causes of scapular notching or pain post-surgery. The results provide insights into the mechanical environment of the scapula, which may inform surgical technique modifications to reduce stress-related complications.

147. de Mello Ribeiro Pinto G, Rezende RC, Brown E, et al. Open repairs with biceps rerouting does not impact retears in large to massive rotator cuff tears compared to conventional open repair: a randomized clinical trial.. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.032

Précis unavailable.

148. Nakamura Y, Fukushima T, Hamasaki T, et al. Mechanism of axillary nerve palsy in the terrible triad of the shoulder: the role of excessive dislocation. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101669

Précis unavailable.

149. Fritsch L, Nocek M, Horan MP, et al. Outcomes at mean 8-year follow-up after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for failed fracture treatment. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101668

Précis unavailable.

150. Turcotte JJ, Johnson AH, Peterman MA, et al. Psychometric performance of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Physical Function and Oxford Shoulder Scores in total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101666

Précis unavailable.

151. Uchida T, Sakata J, Suzuki T, et al. Scapulothoracic joint function and its association with throwing-related injuries in collegiate baseball pitchers: a prospective cohort study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101664

Précis unavailable.

152. Chan DH, Ashkar A, Murali S, et al. The impact of noninfective enteritis and colitis on outcomes following shoulder arthroplasty: a propensity-matched retrospective cohort study of 8,574 patients. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101644

Précis unavailable.

153. Kin Y, Nagata K, Sugaya H, et al. Nationwide trends and variations in reverse shoulder arthroplasty in Japan: national database analysis 2014–2023. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101675

This study analyzed Japanese national database data from 2014 to 2023 to evaluate trends in total shoulder arthroplasty, focusing on age distribution, regional variations, and indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The findings revealed expanding rTSA utilization for proximal humerus fractures, particularly among the geriatric population, highlighting significant regional disparities in procedure adoption. These results underscore the need for standardized training and resource allocation to address geographic inequities in shoulder arthroplasty care.

154. Cueto RJ, Hao KA, Wright L, et al. Decreased pain at 12 weeks post-operatively is associated with superior shoulder range of motion after anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and is sustained up to two years. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101662

Researchers conducted a retrospective review of 605 primary total shoulder arthroplasties to determine if pain levels at 12 weeks post-operatively correlate with long-term range of motion and pain control up to two years. The key finding was that patients with minimal pain at 12 weeks demonstrated significantly superior shoulder range of motion and sustained pain relief compared to those with elevated pain. This suggests that managing pain beyond the immediate post-operative period is critical for optimizing long-term functional outcomes.

155. Garofalo R, Fontanarosa A, Castagna A, et al. Shoulder pacemaker vs. conventional physiotherapy for acute-on-chronic rotator cuff tears: a novel rehabilitation approach. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101657

This prospective comparative study evaluated a novel rehabilitation protocol using the Shoulder Pacemaker (SPM) against conventional physiotherapy for patients with acute-on-chronic rotator cuff tears. The results indicated that while both groups showed improvement, the SPM group achieved superior outcomes in pain reduction and functional scores at two-year follow-up. These findings suggest that the Shoulder Pacemaker may offer a more effective rehabilitation strategy for this specific patient population.

156. Suzuki A, Tsutsumi M, Inada T, et al. Development of the superior structure gliding test for evaluating anterior superior tissues of the shoulder joint: a cross-sectional study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101650

The study developed and validated the Superior Structure Gliding Test (SGT) to objectively assess the velocity of the coracohumeral ligament during shoulder external rotation in patients with frozen shoulder. The SGT demonstrated high reproducibility and significant correlation with ligament velocity and range of motion, particularly in the frozen shoulder group. This provides clinicians with a reliable, objective physical assessment tool for evaluating anterior superior shoulder tissue mobility.

157. Baek CH, Kim JG, Kim BT, et al. Establishing procedure-specific minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state thresholds after anterior combined latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfer for irreparable anterosuperior cuff tears: minimum 5-year outcomes. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101635

This study established procedure-specific minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds for anterior combined latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfer in irreparable anterosuperior cuff tears. With a minimum five-year follow-up, the researchers identified specific score thresholds for ASES, VAS, and Constant scores that define successful clinical outcomes. These benchmarks provide surgeons and patients with clear, patient-centered goals for evaluating the success of this surgical intervention.

158. Lante E, Blakeney WG, Bauer S. Does humeral head size predict the lateralization required to preserve near-anatomic posterosuperior rotator cuff length in reverse shoulder arthroplasty?. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101673

Using computational modeling of 83 pre-operative CT scans, this study investigated whether native humeral head size predicts the lateralization required to preserve near-anatomic posterosuperior rotator cuff length in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis revealed an excellent correlation between humeral head size and the graft thickness needed for optimal lateralization, allowing for reliable estimation of muscle lengths in deformed joints. This suggests that native anatomy can guide individualized implant planning to restore more natural biomechanics.

159. Mousad AD, Chatterji R, Phillips TW, et al. Speed of return to normalcy after total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101628

This retrospective study evaluated the time course for patients to return to a 'normal' shoulder function, defined as a SANE score of ≥95, following primary anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The findings showed that while most patients achieve near-normal function within one to two years, a subset continues to improve up to five years post-operatively. These data provide valuable benchmarks for pre-operative counseling regarding realistic expectations for recovery timelines.

160. Dalrymple J, Butt D, Rudge W, et al. Arthroscopic stabilization for atraumatic shoulder instability: minimum two-year outcomes. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101658

Précis unavailable.

161. Amen X, Van Cant J. Shoulder proprioceptive sense of force in chronic anterior instability: performance and clinical associations. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101670

This cross-sectional study assessed shoulder sense of force (SoF) in patients with chronic traumatic anterior instability compared to controls and analyzed associations with strength and clinical scores. The research identified SoF deficits in the affected shoulder and explored how these proprioceptive impairments correlate with maximal voluntary isometric strength and standard clinical questionnaires. These findings suggest that SoF assessment may provide valuable insights into neuromuscular control deficits and functional limitations in shoulder instability patients.

162. Jaber A, Hurley ET, Dornan GJ, et al. Infection following primary rotator cuff repair — Prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management — an international expert Delphi consensus statement. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101653

An international Delphi consensus process involving 56 experienced shoulder surgeons established guidelines for the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and management of infections following primary rotator cuff repair. The study resulted in 32 statements, achieving strong or unanimous consensus on key aspects of acute and chronic infection management, while some prophylactic measures remained unresolved. These consensus statements provide standardized clinical recommendations to improve the diagnosis and treatment of post-operative rotator cuff infections.

166. Alawa J, Althoff AD, Thacher RR, et al. Prior cervical spine fusion impairs early clinical outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty and may be associated with increased fusion burden: a matched cohort analysis. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101679

This matched cohort analysis compared clinical outcomes after total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with prior cervical spine fusion versus those without cervical pathology. While both groups showed significant improvement in ASES scores, the cervical fusion group had lower absolute improvements and a reduced likelihood of achieving the minimal clinically important difference. The study suggests that prior cervical spine fusion may impair early clinical outcomes following TSA, warranting careful pre-operative expectation management.

167. Stevens NC, Alberto AJ, Stallone S, et al. The relationship between plain radiograph soft tissue thickness and perioperative outcomes following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a preliminary study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101648

This preliminary study assessed the correlation between plain radiograph-derived soft tissue ratios and perioperative outcomes following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis found that body mass index and specific soft tissue-to-bone ratios measured on radiographs significantly correlated with 90-day emergency department returns and readmissions. These findings suggest that simple radiographic measurements of adiposity may serve as cost-effective predictors of post-operative complications.

168. Henriquez AR, Crook B, Ruderman LV, et al. Operative treatment is associated with improved 3-year survival after periprosthetic humerus fracture. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101688

This retrospective study compared all-cause mortality between operative and nonoperative management of periprosthetic humerus fractures around shoulder prostheses. Patients treated operatively demonstrated significantly lower mortality rates at 90 days, one year, two years, and three years compared to those managed nonoperatively. The results indicate that operative treatment is associated with improved long-term survival in this patient population, supporting surgical intervention when feasible.

169. Kinjo H, Suenaga N, Oizumi N, et al. Promoting hematoma-like tissue formation in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: impact of a bioinductive collagen implant. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101699

This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether bioinductive collagen implants enhance hematoma-like tissue formation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The researchers found that implants significantly increased HLT size and maintenance at 6-8 weeks post-operatively compared to controls. These findings suggest that collagen implants may promote a biological environment conducive to better structural healing outcomes.

170. Lante E, Blakeney WG, Bauer S. Teres minor circle and subscapularis lengthening patterns during forward elevation in lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101686

Using 3D modeling, this study characterized the length-tension behavior of the teres minor and subscapularis during forward elevation in lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis revealed distinct patterns of muscle length changes across different implant configurations, particularly regarding baseplate position and neck-shaft angle. These insights help inform surgical planning to optimize soft tissue tension and function in lateralized rTSA designs.

171. Senra AR, Tomaz D, Gomes DS, et al. Variability in preoperative planning software for shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101698

This study compared five commercially available preoperative planning software platforms to assess variability in glenoid morphology assessment for shoulder arthroplasty. Significant intersoftware variability was observed in measurements of glenoid version, inclination, and humeral head subluxation, largely driven by differences between automated and manual algorithms. Clinicians should be aware of these discrepancies when selecting implants or planning component positioning.

172. Dean RS, Yin C, Ajibade D, et al. Radiographic outcomes of the humeral stem after treating a proximal humerus fracture with an uncemented reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a multicenter retrospective review. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101674

This multicenter retrospective review analyzed radiographic outcomes of uncemented reverse total shoulder arthroplasty stems used for proximal humerus fractures. The study found significant differences in stress shielding rates among three different stem designs, with one implant showing notably higher rates of stress shielding. These results highlight the importance of stem design selection in minimizing adverse radiographic changes after fracture fixation.

173. Mahmood S, Mamarelis G, Hachem M, et al. Long-term results of surgical management of high-energy scapula fractures at a major trauma center. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101682

This retrospective cohort study evaluated long-term outcomes of surgical fixation for high-energy scapular fractures at a major trauma center. The authors reported satisfactory union rates and functional outcomes, including return to work and sport, despite the complexity of these injuries. The findings support the efficacy of surgical management for these fractures in specialized centers with appropriate expertise.

175. Baek CH, Kim BT, Kim JG, et al. Lower trapezius tendon transfer for posterior–superior irreparable rotator cuff tears: a comprehensive narrative review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100700

This narrative review summarizes the evidence for lower trapezius tendon transfer as a treatment for posterior-superior irreparable rotator cuff tears. The procedure is highlighted for its ability to restore external rotation and shoulder stability, offering superior biomechanical advantages over other transfers like the latissimus dorsi. It is recommended for patients with significant dysfunction and minimal glenohumeral arthritis who have failed conservative treatment.

176. Movassaghi A, Bhatti H, Sims K, et al. Impact of area deprivation index on outcomes and health care utilization following shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100711

This systematic review examined the incorporation of the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) in shoulder arthroplasty studies and its association with post-operative outcomes. The review found limited reporting of ADI scores in the literature, despite evidence suggesting socioeconomic disadvantage impacts recovery and healthcare utilization. Greater inclusion of socioeconomic metrics is needed to better understand and address disparities in shoulder arthroplasty outcomes.

178. Papadopoulos DV, Kontogiannis A, Stavropoulos N, et al. Transtendon repair vs. tear completion in partial-thickness rotator cuff tears: systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100712

A systematic review and meta-analysis compared clinical outcomes and retear rates between transtendon repair and tear completion for partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. The pooled analysis of nine studies found no significant differences in functional scores or tendon integrity between the two surgical approaches. This suggests that either technique is viable, with the choice potentially depending on surgeon preference or specific tear morphology.

179. Brorson S. Imaging-based assessment of fracture stability does not reliably predict outcomes in patients with two-part proximal humeral fractures and may lead to unnecessary surgeries. EFORT Open Reviews 2026. doi:10.1530/eor-2026-0043

This review argues that imaging-based assessments of fracture stability in two-part proximal humeral fractures do not reliably predict patient outcomes or justify surgical intervention. Evidence indicates that non-operative treatment yields functional results comparable to the general population, while surgery carries a high risk of implant-related complications. Consequently, the authors suggest that current surgical indications may lead to unnecessary procedures.

180. Bi M, Ding S. Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction With Combined Fascia Lata Autograft and LARS Ligament or Polypropylene Mesh Synthetic Scaffold Patch Graft: Response. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261426988

This response addresses a letter to the editor regarding a study on arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction using combined fascia lata autograft and synthetic scaffolds. The authors defend their findings of favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes at minimum two-year follow-up. They likely clarify methodological points or reaffirm the efficacy of their hybrid graft technique against the critiques raised.

181. Kang Y, Xu J, Guo B. Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction With Combined Fascia Lata Autograft Augmented With Either LARS Ligament or Polypropylene Mesh Synthetic Scaffold Patch Graft: Letter to the Editor. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261426991

This letter to the editor critiques a study on arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction, highlighting three methodological and clinical considerations for interpreting the results. The authors acknowledge the study's insights into hybrid graft techniques but urge caution in drawing definitive conclusions. They emphasize the need for rigorous interpretation to guide future research in this field.

184. Zhu Q, Zhai H, Cheng B, et al. An Icariin-Loaded PCL Electrospun Scaffold for Enhanced Tendon-Bone Healing in Rotator Cuff Repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.046

This study developed an icariin-loaded polycaprolactone electrospun scaffold to enhance tendon-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff injury model. The scaffold demonstrated immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and fibrocartilaginous regeneration capabilities, significantly improving tissue healing and reducing inflammation. These results suggest potential for this bioactive scaffold to improve outcomes in rotator cuff repair.

185. Cabatu C, Friedman AM, Grotting JA, et al. 2.0-mm Diameter Arthroscopy versus MRI in Predicting Appropriate Surgical Management of Intra-articular Shoulder Pathology: A Blinded, Prospective Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261434938

This prospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy of 2.0-mm small-bore needle arthroscopy against MRI for predicting appropriate surgical management in patients with glenohumeral pathology. The findings indicate that while both modalities were evaluated, the study design utilized standard arthroscopy as the gold standard to assess agreement and treatment recommendations. Clinically, this research helps determine if minimally invasive needle arthroscopy can serve as a reliable alternative to MRI for preoperative planning.

187. Howard S, Yoon AH, Sandler AB, et al. Midterm Outcomes of Concomitant Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair and Microfracture of Humeral Head, Focal, Full-thickness Cartilage Lesions. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261436439

This cohort study compared midterm outcomes of active-duty servicemembers undergoing isolated arthroscopic rotator cuff repair versus those receiving concomitant humeral head microfracture for full-thickness cartilage lesions. The analysis revealed no significant differences in functional scores or pain relief between the two groups at a minimum five-year follow-up. This implies that adding microfracture to rotator cuff repair may not provide additional clinical benefit for this specific patient population.

188. McGovern MM, Protzuk OA, Reikersdorfer KN, et al. Surgical Positioning in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Comparable Outcomes but Longer Operative Times in the Beach-Chair Position. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261436427

This propensity-matched cohort study compared patient-reported outcomes and operative times for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed in the lateral decubitus versus beach-chair positions. The results showed comparable functional improvements and no significant differences in patient-reported outcomes, although the beach-chair position was associated with longer operative times. Surgeons can choose either position based on preference without compromising clinical outcomes, though operative efficiency may favor the lateral decubitus approach.

189. Tan GC, Zhou JS, Yang JF, et al. Association of Subacromial Bursa Characteristics With Preoperative Nocturnal Pain and the Efficacy of Surgical Treatment for Pain Relief: A Prospective Cohort Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261440864

This prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of subacromial bursa morphology and pathology on nocturnal pain and the efficacy of arthroscopic bursectomy. The findings demonstrated that fullness-type bursal morphology was associated with greater preoperative pain and significantly better pain relief following surgery. These results suggest that specific bursal characteristics can help predict which patients will benefit most from bursectomy for nocturnal pain relief.

190. Colson CB, Lauck BJ, Cathey JM, et al. Progression to Osteoarthritis After the Surgical Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261436437

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the incidence and severity of radiographic osteoarthritis following surgical treatment for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. The study found that progression to osteoarthritis remains a significant long-term risk, with incidence rates varying widely across studies. These findings highlight the need for long-term monitoring of patients after surgical stabilization to manage the risk of developing glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

191. Lane MB, Siahaan J, Gregory JM. Surgical Timing After Acromioclavicular Joint Separation: Association With Clinical Outcomes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261438133

This large-scale cohort study analyzed the association between surgical timing and clinical outcomes following acromioclavicular joint separation repair or reconstruction. The results indicated that delaying surgery beyond the acute phase did not significantly worsen clinical outcomes or increase complication rates. This suggests that surgical intervention for high-grade ACJ separations can be safely delayed without negatively impacting patient recovery.

192. Duru DO, Chaudhury S, Kang N, et al. Scapular morphometrics inform anatomic landmark distances for arthroscopic suprascapular nerve decompression: a cadaveric study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101647

This cadaveric study measured anatomical distances from the suprascapular nerve and artery to key scapular landmarks to inform safe dissection during arthroscopic nerve decompression. The findings established that these distances correlate significantly with scapular dimensions, providing patient-specific anatomical guidelines. These measurements offer surgeons precise landmarks to minimize neurovascular injury during suprascapular nerve decompression procedures.

193. Khanna A, Lawand JJ, Adio A, et al. Elevated Risk of Medical Complications in Sickle Cell Disease Patients after Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.062

This retrospective cohort study using a national database found that patients with sickle cell disease undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty face a significantly elevated risk of postoperative medical complications compared to matched controls, independent of avascular necrosis. These findings suggest that sickle cell disease is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in shoulder arthroplasty, warranting heightened perioperative monitoring and risk stratification for these patients.

195. Shih C, Hsu K, Chen Y, et al. Bone Marrow Stimulation and Decortication Compromise the Biomechanical Strength of All Suture Anchor in Rotator Cuff Repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.004

This biomechanical study on cadaveric shoulders revealed that footprint preparation techniques involving decortication or bone marrow stimulation significantly compromise the pull-out strength and cyclic durability of all-suture anchors compared to remnant-preserving techniques. Clinically, this suggests that preserving native tendon remnants during rotator cuff repair may enhance initial fixation strength and biomechanical stability.

196. Parsons KE, Shenoy DA, Henriquez AR, et al. Patient Portal Messaging in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.002

This retrospective cohort study analyzed trends in patient portal messaging within a shoulder and elbow surgery division, identifying specific patient demographics and clinical factors associated with higher messaging volumes. The findings highlight the substantial communication burden placed on providers and underscore the need for strategies to manage and optimize patient-provider digital interactions in this specialty.

199. Ahmad A, Khan M, Ghayyad K, et al. Statin Therapy Is Not Associated with Inferior Postoperative Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.006

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, finding no association between preoperative statin therapy and inferior structural healing, revision rates, or patient-reported outcomes. The evidence suggests that statin use does not negatively impact rotator cuff repair success, alleviating concerns regarding statin-induced tendon toxicity in this surgical context.

200. Hasegawa A, Uchida A, Noguchi Y, et al. Donor-site morbidity and patient satisfaction after arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction using fascia lata autograft for irreparable rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.008

The provided abstract text describes a study on the diagnostic utility of synovial aspirates and frozen sections in revision shoulder arthroplasty, rather than donor-site morbidity after fascia lata autograft. This multi-institutional study found that synovial neutrophil percentage had moderate diagnostic utility for predicting periprosthetic joint infection, with Cutibacterium being the most common pathogen identified in both definite and non-definite infection cases.

201. Prentice HA, Fasig BH, Yian EH, et al. Feasibility of applying the Orthopaedic Data Evaluation Panel (ODEP) shoulder criteria for implants used in a United States-based integrated healthcare system. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.061

The authors applied the Orthopaedic Data Evaluation Panel (ODEP) shoulder criteria to benchmark prostheses using data from 25,495 primary shoulder arthroplasties in a US integrated healthcare system. The study demonstrated the feasibility of this methodology for evaluating implant performance and providing surgeons with evidence-based data for clinical decision-making. This approach offers a standardized framework for assessing prosthesis reliability within large-scale healthcare registries.

202. Brewer MW, Smith MR, Roylance JS, et al. Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Baseline PROMIS Categorization in Shoulder and Elbow Patients. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261440868

This cross-sectional study analyzed associations between clinical and demographic factors and baseline PROMIS-Pain Interference and Physical Function categorizations in shoulder and elbow patients. The findings identified specific patient characteristics, such as sex, BMI, and operative status, that correlate with impairment severity levels. These insights help clinicians better interpret baseline patient-reported outcomes and tailor expectations based on demographic profiles.

203. Sanchez JG, Zehner KM, Smith-Voudouris J, et al. Correlation of Social Determinants of Health Disparities With Outcomes After Bankart Repair: A Large Database Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261441265

Using a large database, the study compared 90-day adverse events, healthcare utilization, and costs between patients with and without social determinants of health disparities (SDHD) following primary Bankart repair. Patients with SDHD experienced higher rates of adverse events and greater healthcare utilization, supporting the hypothesis that these disparities negatively impact postoperative outcomes. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to mitigate health inequities in orthopaedic surgery.

204. Oishi R, Mura N, Hoshikawa K, et al. Postoperative infraspinatus contractility is independently associated with objective outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.011

The study investigated the relationship between postoperative infraspinatus contractility, measured via real-time tissue elastography, and objective functional outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. It found that higher infraspinatus contractility at follow-up was independently associated with better strength and functional scores, even when tendon integrity was confirmed. This suggests that muscle quality assessment may provide valuable prognostic information beyond imaging of tendon healing.

205. Hauer TM, Raney EB, Lin RT, et al. Treatment of Posterior Shoulder Instability in National Hockey League Players: A Survey of NHL Team Physicians. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261440208

A survey of NHL team physicians revealed distinct treatment trends for posterior shoulder instability, with nonoperative management preferred for first-time in-season cases and surgery favored for recurrent cases, particularly with significant bone loss. Decision-making was influenced by the presence of bone loss and the timing within the season, with many surgeons opting for in-season surgery in recurrent cases with substantial bone loss. These findings provide insight into the specialized management strategies used by elite sports medicine physicians.

206. Vervaecke AJ, Dufrenot M, Boux de Casson F, et al. Age- and sex-related differences in rotator cuff and deltoid muscle: A 3D segmentation analysis in healthy shoulders. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.009

This study quantified age- and sex-related differences in rotator cuff and deltoid muscle volume and fatty infiltration using 3D CT segmentation in healthy shoulders. It established reference values for muscle characteristics across different decades, showing progressive changes with age and distinct differences between sexes. These benchmarks aid in differentiating physiological aging from pathological degeneration, thereby improving surgical planning and outcome prediction.

207. Kruseman JK, Myers NL, McCauley F, et al. The Relationship Between Relative Humeral Retrotorsion Difference and Shoulder Strength Measures in Collegiate Baseball Athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261440186

The study examined the relationship between relative humeral retrotorsion difference and shoulder rotational strength in uninjured collegiate baseball athletes. It found a significant association between side-to-side differences in humeral retrotorsion and external/internal rotation strength profiles. These results suggest that anatomical variations in torsion may influence strength symmetry, potentially informing injury risk assessment in throwing athletes.

208. Gilbert R, Karimi A, Feder N, et al. The Effect of Number of Preoperative Instability Episodes on Distance-to-Dislocation and Risk of Recurrent Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/2325967126s00045

This retrospective review aimed to establish a threshold of preoperative instability episodes that predicts distance-to-dislocation and recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair. The study found that a higher number of preoperative episodes was associated with greater distance-to-dislocation and increased risk of recurrence, helping to identify patients at higher risk. These findings assist surgeons in risk stratification and counseling patients regarding postoperative stability expectations.

209. Lim JJ, McCarty C, Belk JW, et al. Rotator Cuff Repair With Bone Marrow Stimulation Versus Rotator Cuff Repair With Patch Augmentation: A Systematic Review. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261445424

This systematic review compared clinical efficacy and retear rates between rotator cuff repair augmented with patch augmentation versus bone marrow stimulation. The study found no significant differences in outcomes between the two adjuncts, suggesting comparable clinical efficacy. Clinicians may choose either technique based on availability and surgeon preference without expecting distinct functional advantages.

210. Bcharah G, Cancio-Bello A, Iturregui-Pastrana JM, et al. Association Between Hormone Replacement Therapy and Incidence of Tendon Injuries and Surgical Repair in Perimenopausal Women: A Propensity Score–Matched National Cohort Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261428457

This propensity score-matched cohort study investigated the association between systemic hormone replacement therapy and tendon injury incidence in perimenopausal women. The results indicated that HRT use was associated with an increased risk of tendon injuries and subsequent surgical repairs. These findings suggest that HRT may negatively impact tendon health, warranting caution in prescribing for this demographic.

212. Anz A, Nevins C, O’Neal K, et al. Consensus on the Treatment of Midshaft Clavicular Fractures in Collegiate Football Players: A Delphi Approach of Sports Medicine Teams. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261440866

This Delphi consensus study identified key factors influencing treatment decisions for midshaft clavicular fractures in collegiate football players. The panel reached agreement on preferred management strategies, including the use of adjuncts like bone stimulators and specialized padding. These consensus guidelines provide standardized recommendations for sports medicine teams managing these injuries.

214. Barret H, Lambers FM, Cavaignac E, et al. Do Hyperlaxity, Sex, and Number of Dislocations Have an Impact on the Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Anterior Shoulder Instability?. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/23259671261434924

This cross-sectional study analyzed the impact of sex, hyperlaxity, and dislocation frequency on the characteristics of patients with chronic anterior shoulder instability. The findings highlighted distinct clinical presentations and bony lesion patterns associated with these intrinsic factors. Understanding these associations helps tailor diagnostic evaluations and treatment strategies for individual patients.

215. Zhang A, Koshy J, Patel N, et al. Outcomes Following Usage of All Suture Anchors for Rotator Cuff Repair. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/2325967126s00050

This study evaluated functional outcomes and complication rates following rotator cuff repair using all-suture anchors compared to conventional anchors. The results demonstrated comparable clinical outcomes with the potential benefits of reduced bone removal and improved MRI compatibility. All-suture anchors offer a viable alternative that may preserve bone stock and facilitate postoperative imaging assessment.

216. Ohta S, Masuda S, Ueda Y, et al. Postoperative Outcomes of Modified Graft Augmentation for Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.047

This study assessed the clinical and radiological outcomes of a modified graft augmentation technique using a double suture bridge configuration for large to massive rotator cuff tears. The procedure resulted in significant clinical improvements and maintained cuff integrity with no re-tears observed at two-year follow-up. This technique shows promise in reducing re-tear rates and improving outcomes for complex rotator cuff repairs.

218. Inoue J, Mattar LT, Takaba K, et al. Factors Associated with Progression of Symptomatic Isolated Supraspinatus Tears 2 Years after Exercise Therapy. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.049

This prospective observational study identified factors associated with the progression of symptomatic isolated supraspinatus tears following 12 weeks of exercise therapy. Key findings indicated that specific demographic and tear characteristics influenced the likelihood of tear enlargement or conversion to full-thickness status over two years. These insights help clinicians tailor monitoring and treatment plans for patients undergoing conservative management of rotator cuff tears.

219. Nguyen VT, Kuo Y, Wu L, et al. Impact of Smoking on Structural Failure After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.050

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized data to clarify the association between smoking and structural failure after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The analysis pooled risk ratios from comparative studies to determine if smoking significantly impairs tendon-to-bone healing integrity. The findings provide evidence-based guidance on counseling patients regarding smoking cessation to optimize surgical outcomes.

220. Villacis DC. Clinical Outcomes following Bursal Acromial Reconstruction for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.052

This retrospective review evaluated clinical outcomes of bursal acromial reconstruction using an allograft for patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears lacking advanced arthritis. Results demonstrated significant improvements in pain scores and functional assessments at two-year follow-up compared to preoperative baselines. This technique offers a viable, less invasive alternative to reverse shoulder arthroplasty for selected patients with functionally balanced shoulders.

221. Kraus M, Gebauer H, Warnhoff M, et al. Survival and clinical outcomes of the Eclipse™ stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a comparative study of glenoid component designs and humeral head materials. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.060

This comparative study analyzed implant survival and clinical outcomes of the Eclipse stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty across different glenoid and humeral head designs. Propensity score matching revealed differences in five-year survival rates and functional scores based on keeled versus pegged glenoid components and cobalt-chromium versus titanium-coated heads. These findings inform implant selection strategies to enhance longevity and patient satisfaction in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.

222. Ricchetti ET, Collins AP, Khazzam MS, et al. Evaluation of the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) Diagnostic Categories for Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infection: C. Acnes Predominates even in Definite Infections. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.053

This multicenter prospective cohort study evaluated the distribution of shoulder periprosthetic joint infection cases according to International Consensus Meeting diagnostic categories. The analysis highlighted that Cutibacterium acnes predominates even in cases classified as definite infections, influencing demographic and microbiological profiles. These results refine the understanding of infection presentation, aiding in the accurate application of diagnostic criteria for shoulder PJI.

223. Daher M, Boufadel P, Fiandeiro M, et al. Subscapularis Repair in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Sub-analysis by Implant Lateralization and Repair Techniques. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.013

This meta-analysis compared outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty with and without subscapularis repair, including sub-analyses by implant lateralization and repair technique. The study found that while subscapularis repair may reduce instability and improve internal rotation, its benefits vary significantly depending on whether medialized or lateralized implants are used. These findings support individualized surgical decision-making based on implant design and specific patient needs.

224. Petruccelli R, Pucci E, Cenci G, et al. “Trabecular titanium metaglene is associated with improved clinical outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients”. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101138

Précis unavailable.

225. Rojas Lievano J, Lacouture JD. From structural prediction to surgical decision-making: methodological considerations on the Rotator Cuff Healing Index – A Letter to the Editor. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101144

This letter to the editor critiques the methodological considerations of the Rotator Cuff Healing Index, highlighting the gap between structural prediction models and practical surgical decision-making. The authors argue for rigorous validation of such indices before they are integrated into clinical practice. This underscores the need for robust evidence to support tools intended to guide surgical interventions for rotator cuff repairs.

226. Wollner G, Cik C, Luisi S, et al. Glenoid Retroversion as a Protective Factor Against Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability Following First-Time Traumatic Dislocation. A Retrospective Analysis.. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101145

This retrospective study evaluated the association between glenoid version and recurrent anterior shoulder instability in 72 young patients treated nonoperatively for first-time traumatic dislocation. The key finding was that greater glenoid retroversion was significantly associated with a lower risk of recurrent instability compared to single-dislocation cases. Clinically, this suggests that glenoid retroversion may serve as a protective morphological factor against recurrence in conservative management.

228. Unknown Author. Issue Information. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70420

This issue information page outlines the contents of the May 2026 volume of Arthroscopy, listing various studies on hip arthroscopy, rotator cuff repair, and sports medicine injuries. It serves as a table of contents rather than a primary research article, summarizing key topics and associated commentaries. The clinical implication is to direct readers to specific articles for detailed insights on these diverse orthopedic topics.