What's New — Shoulder — February 2026¶
100 new articles published this month.
Themes: Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes and Complications · Rotator Cuff Repair Biology, Augmentation, and Failure · Shoulder Instability and Traumatic Injuries · Surgical Techniques, Imaging, and Rehabilitation · Health Economics, Policy, and Systemic Factors
Digest generated 2026-04-16 01:17:15+00:00.
Highlights¶
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes and Complications¶
Recent literature extensively evaluates reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), focusing on implant design, surgical technique, and long-term survivorship. Studies investigate the impact of glenoid lateralization on scapular notching [32], the efficacy of robotic assistance and patient-specific instrumentation for baseplate placement [14, 52, 57], and the influence of patient demographics like age and obesity on revision risks [26, 27]. Furthermore, research addresses specific complications such as acromial and scapular fractures [59], intraoperative greater tuberosity fractures [45], and the management of postcapsulorrhaphy arthropathy [31]. The collective evidence suggests that while RTSA outcomes are generally robust, careful attention to implant geometry and patient selection remains critical for optimizing function and minimizing failure rates [12, 24, 96].
Rotator Cuff Repair Biology, Augmentation, and Failure¶
This cluster synthesizes findings on the biological and biomechanical factors influencing rotator cuff repair success. Investigations into patient-specific risk factors for retear highlight the importance of preoperative assessment [2, 33, 39]. Biologic augmentation strategies, including the use of subacromial balloons and graft materials, are critically analyzed for their efficacy in healing and biomechanics [11, 21, 40, 86]. Concurrently, studies explore the molecular underpinnings of healing, such as transcriptomic signatures and epigenetic alterations [36, 97], and the impact of corticosteroid timing on tendon-to-bone healing [19]. Despite these advances, the correlation between predicted healing rates and actual clinical outcomes remains a subject of debate [5, 22].
Shoulder Instability and Traumatic Injuries¶
Articles in this theme address the management of shoulder instability and acute trauma, ranging from fracture patterns to surgical techniques for instability. Research compares arthroscopic Bankart repair with and without remplissage for various Hill-Sachs lesion sizes [10, 41] and evaluates bone block techniques for severe bone loss [83, 87, 99]. Traumatic injuries include Rockwood type VI acromioclavicular dislocations [6], proximal humerus fractures treated with locking systems [43], and rare cases like glenoid fracture-dislocations [77]. Additionally, the role of imaging in assessing instability scores and the impact of resident involvement on fracture outcomes are explored [9, 23, 66].
Surgical Techniques, Imaging, and Rehabilitation¶
This theme encompasses advancements in surgical technology, diagnostic imaging, and postoperative rehabilitation. Artificial intelligence is increasingly applied to classify degenerative conditions like cuff tear arthropathy on plain radiographs [1]. Surgical techniques are refined through cadaveric studies on implant placement accuracy [14] and novel approaches for nerve blocks [28, 64]. Rehabilitation is also a focus, with systematic reviews comparing digital/virtual reality therapies to conventional methods [65] and analyzing pain recovery trajectories [47]. Furthermore, the use of 3D printing and personalized guides for complex deformities and osteotomies is highlighted [75, 100].
Health Economics, Policy, and Systemic Factors¶
Several studies examine the economic and systemic aspects of shoulder care, including reimbursement disparities, hospital pricing variations, and patient satisfaction. Research indicates that Medicaid reimbursement for arthroplasty is significantly lower than Medicare and decreasing in real terms [38], while hospital-level price variations are substantial [82]. The impact of social deprivation on RTSA outcomes and the role of care coordination teams in facilitating same-day discharge are also investigated [29, 70]. Additionally, national trends in Medicare utilization for arthroscopy procedures provide context for the shifting landscape of outpatient shoulder care [63].
Articles by Theme¶
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes and Complications (15)¶
12. O’Malley O, Davies A, Rangan A, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute trauma vs. trauma sequalae following failed conservative management: a cohort study using data from the National Joint Registry and Hospital Episode Statistics for England. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.016
Using national registry data, this cohort study compared outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty performed for acute trauma versus those for sequelae of failed conservative management. The analysis revealed that patients treated for acute trauma achieved significantly better functional outcomes and lower complication rates than those treated for chronic sequelae. This indicates that early surgical intervention for acute fractures may yield superior long-term results compared to delayed surgery after failed non-operative care.
14. Percin B, Zitnay JL, Tashjian RZ, et al. Accuracy of implant placement after preoperative planning using Blueprint software in inlay and onlay reverse total shoulder arthroplasty systems: a cadaver study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.019
A cadaveric study evaluated the accuracy of implant placement in inlay and onlay reverse total shoulder arthroplasty systems using Blueprint preoperative planning software. The results showed that the software significantly improved the precision of glenoid and humeral component positioning compared to traditional techniques. This suggests that adopting digital planning tools can enhance surgical accuracy and potentially reduce revision rates in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
16. Tornberg H, Derector E, Hedden K, et al. Does immobilization of patients who underwent a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture affect postoperative outcomes?. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.021
This study examined whether postoperative immobilization affects functional outcomes in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures. The findings indicated that early mobilization without prolonged immobilization resulted in comparable or better functional recovery compared to traditional immobilization protocols. This supports a shift toward early rehabilitation protocols to improve patient mobility and recovery speed after this specific procedure.
17. Hagelstein SS, Suren C, Kleim BD, et al. Clinical and radiographical outcomes of scapular spine fractures after reverse shoulder arthroplasty treated with double plating and autologous bone graft. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.022
This study evaluated clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with scapular spine fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty who underwent double plating and autologous bone grafting. The findings demonstrated successful fracture union and functional improvement in the treated cohort. These results suggest that double plating with bone graft is a viable salvage option for this complex complication.
24. Khorram R, Al-Humadi S, Kohut K, et al. Stress shielding of the Univers Revers system in reverse shoulder arthroplasty is minimal and does not progress substantially from short- to midterm follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.032
Précis unavailable.
26. Parel PM, Ameigeiras A, Cui E, et al. Age stratification of 2-year revision risk following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective, multicenter analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.035
A retrospective multicenter analysis evaluated the 2-year revision risk for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty across different age groups. The study stratified patients by age to identify specific risk profiles for early revision. These findings provide surgeons with age-specific data to better counsel patients regarding long-term implant durability and revision likelihood.
27. Onggo JR, Jamieson R, Du P, et al. Revision rates between obese and nonobese total shoulder arthroplasty patients: an Australian registry data study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.036
Using Australian registry data, this study compared revision rates between obese and nonobese patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis determined whether obesity significantly increases the risk of implant failure or revision surgery. The results offer critical evidence for preoperative risk assessment and patient counseling regarding weight and arthroplasty outcomes.
31. Guenthner G, Bowler AR, Glass EA, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for postcapsulorrhaphy arthropathy results in similar clinical outcomes compared to glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.043
This study compared clinical outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with postcapsulorrhaphy arthropathy against those with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The analysis found that the revision surgery for post-surgical arthropathy yielded similar functional results to primary osteoarthritis cases. This indicates that reverse arthroplasty remains a viable and effective treatment option for complex post-capsulorrhaphy deformities.
32. Pak T, Kilic AI, Ardebol J, et al. Glenoid-sided lateralization decreases scapular notching with a 135° humeral component Arthrex reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.044
This study investigated the effect of glenoid-sided lateralization on scapular notching rates using a 135° humeral component in Arthrex reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The findings demonstrated that lateralizing the glenoid component significantly reduces the incidence of scapular notching. This supports the use of lateralized designs to improve implant longevity and reduce mechanical complications in reverse shoulder replacements.
45. McFarland EG, Okeke L, Meshram P, et al. Outcomes of intraoperative greater tuberosity fractures in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a matched cohort study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.014
This matched cohort study analyzed the impact of intraoperative greater tuberosity fractures on outcomes following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The findings demonstrated that these fractures are associated with specific deficits in external rotation and overall functional scores compared to intact tuberosities. Surgeons should be aware of these risks and consider specific fixation strategies to mitigate potential functional limitations.
52. Kida H, Momma D, Urita A, et al. PSI and navigation system improve consistency of baseplate placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty regardless of surgical experience. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.022
The study compared the accuracy of baseplate placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty using patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and navigation systems against conventional techniques. Results showed that both PSI and navigation significantly improved placement consistency regardless of the surgeon's level of experience. These technologies may help standardize surgical outcomes and reduce complications associated with malpositioned components.
57. Sanchez-Sotelo J, Marigi EM. Robotic-assisted baseplate preparation in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: surgical technique and contemporary review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.013
This article details a surgical technique for robotic-assisted baseplate preparation in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and reviews contemporary literature on the subject. The authors highlight the precision and reproducibility offered by robotic systems in optimizing implant positioning. Clinically, this approach may enhance surgical accuracy and potentially improve long-term implant survival rates.
59. Elmenawi KA, Sperling JW, Sanchez-Sotelo J, et al. Risk factors for acromial and scapular fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of over 100,000 shoulders. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.015
This meta-analysis of over 100,000 shoulders identifies specific risk factors associated with acromial and scapular fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The results indicate that patient demographics, implant design, and surgical technique significantly influence fracture risk. These findings guide surgeons in patient selection and procedural modifications to mitigate the risk of periprosthetic fractures.
94. Estfeller A, Paksoy A, Jaber A, et al. Baseplate fixation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: influence of intraoperative guidance on postoperative outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100615
This study evaluated the impact of intraoperative guidance on baseplate fixation and subsequent postoperative outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis demonstrated that the use of intraoperative guidance significantly improved baseplate positioning accuracy and reduced complication rates. These findings support the integration of navigation or robotic assistance to optimize surgical precision and patient outcomes.
96. Howard J, Stanila T, Mircoff SE, et al. Investigating the surgical outcomes transitioning from a traditional grammont-style valgus-medialized reverse shoulder arthroplasty to a varus lateralized reverse shoulder implant. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100617
This study compared surgical outcomes between traditional Grammont-style valgus-medialized reverse shoulder arthroplasty and newer varus lateralized reverse implants. The results indicated that varus lateralized designs offered improved biomechanics and potentially better functional outcomes in specific patient populations. These findings suggest a shift in implant selection may benefit patients requiring enhanced deltoid mechanics and stability.
Rotator Cuff Repair Biology, Augmentation, and Failure (12)¶
2. Sußiek J, Buchmann S, Beitzel K, et al. Patient-specific risk factors for repair failure and poor functional outcome after rotator cuff repair - an umbrella review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-08608-w
This umbrella review synthesized evidence from 23 systematic reviews to identify preoperative patient-specific factors predicting rotator cuff repair failure and functional outcomes. The analysis highlighted specific risk factors such as tendon retraction and muscle atrophy that surgeons can assess prior to surgery to tailor treatment plans. Clinically, this provides a comprehensive evidence base for risk stratification and informed consent discussions regarding postoperative expectations.
5. Chan J, Kejriwal R. Predicted healing rates do not correlate with patient outcomes following rotator cuff repair—A minimum 2-year follow-up. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101026
This study evaluated the correlation between predicted healing rates and actual patient outcomes at a minimum two-year follow-up after rotator cuff repair. The findings revealed a lack of correlation between predicted healing success and functional patient recovery, suggesting that imaging-based predictions may not fully capture clinical reality. This implies that surgeons should prioritize functional assessment and patient-reported outcomes over radiographic healing predictions when counseling patients.
11. Uslu M, Genc E, Bozdağ E, et al. Patellar tendon autografts outperform fascia lata in superior capsular reconstruction: a comparative histopathological and biomechanical study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.015
This comparative study evaluated the histopathological and biomechanical properties of patellar tendon autografts versus fascia lata for superior capsular reconstruction. Results demonstrated that patellar tendon autografts exhibited superior biomechanical strength and more favorable tissue integration compared to fascia lata. These findings suggest patellar tendon is the preferred graft material for enhancing the durability of superior capsular reconstruction.
19. Chen M, Xu H, Luo C, et al. Betamethasone injection at different stages showing different effect on tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff tear model. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.025
Researchers investigated the impact of betamethasone injections at various time points on tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff tear model. The study found that the timing of injection significantly altered healing outcomes, with early administration impairing mechanical strength while later timing showed less detrimental effects. Clinicians should carefully consider the timing of corticosteroid injections to avoid compromising rotator cuff repair integrity.
21. Fleet CT, Paccot D, Johnson JA, et al. A biomechanical evaluation of rotator cuff footprint contact mechanics after rotator cuff repair with and without the augmentation of a subacromial balloon. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.028
A prospective randomized controlled trial compared the Greenhouse technique against standard repair methods for rotator cuff tears. The Greenhouse technique resulted in a significantly lower retear rate while maintaining similar functional outcomes and pain relief. This evidence supports the Greenhouse technique as a superior option for reducing structural failure in rotator cuff repairs.
22. Yang G, Chen R, Li S, et al. The Greenhouse technique provides lower retear rate and similar outcomes in rotator cuff repair: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.030
This investigation analyzed stress shielding patterns in the Univers Reverse system during reverse shoulder arthroplasty over short- and midterm follow-ups. The results indicated that stress shielding is minimal and does not significantly progress over time. These findings suggest that the Univers Reverse system maintains stable bone remodeling characteristics in the long term.
33. Ding S, Fu C, Su J, et al. Decrease in cystathionine-β-synthase in tendon tissue is an independent risk factor for rotator cuff retear following arthroscopic repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.047
Researchers investigated the role of cystathionine-β-synthase levels in tendon tissue as a predictor of rotator cuff retear after arthroscopic repair. They found that decreased enzyme expression is an independent risk factor for failure, regardless of other clinical variables. This suggests that assessing tendon biochemistry could help identify high-risk patients preoperatively to optimize surgical planning or postoperative care.
36. Lynskey SJ, Moody C, Ziemann M, et al. From tear to repair: transcriptomic signatures related to rotator cuff tendon healing outcomes: a prospective clinical and laboratory study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.004
This prospective study analyzed transcriptomic signatures in rotator cuff tissue to determine their correlation with healing outcomes following surgical repair. Distinct gene expression patterns were identified that predict the likelihood of successful tendon healing versus retear. These molecular markers could eventually serve as diagnostic tools to stratify patient risk and guide personalized treatment strategies.
39. Kurkowski S, Murphy M, Kuechly H, et al. Uncovering why female patients have higher disease burden at the time of rotator cuff surgery: sex-based differences in the preoperative period. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.008
Researchers examined sex-based differences in the preoperative period to understand why female patients present with a higher disease burden at the time of rotator cuff surgery. The study found that women exhibit more severe tendon degeneration and functional impairment prior to intervention compared to men. These findings highlight the need for sex-specific screening protocols and potentially earlier intervention strategies for female patients.
40. Chatterji R, Elagamy N, Miller A, et al. Biocompatibility of the InSpace subacromial balloon spacer: an in vivo murine pouch model cytokine analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.009
The biocompatibility of the InSpace subacromial balloon spacer was evaluated using an in vivo murine pouch model with cytokine analysis. The device elicited a favorable immune response with no significant adverse inflammatory reactions in the animal model. These preclinical results support the safety profile of the spacer for potential clinical application in rotator cuff tear management.
86. Tagliero AJ, Marigi EM, Hart CM, et al. Rotator cuff repair and biologic augmentation—what do we know?. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100605
This article reviews the current evidence regarding the use of biologic augmentation in rotator cuff repair to improve healing rates and clinical outcomes. The synthesis of literature suggests that while certain biologics may reduce re-tear rates in specific high-risk populations, they do not consistently demonstrate superior functional improvements over standard repair alone. Clinicians are advised to use biologic augmentation selectively based on individual patient risk factors rather than as a routine standard of care.
97. Hatzinger BM, Lind DR, Felan NA, et al. Epigenetic alterations in rotator cuff tendinopathy and degenerative cuff tears: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100618
This systematic review analyzed existing literature to identify specific epigenetic modifications associated with rotator cuff tendinopathy and degenerative tears. The findings suggest that DNA methylation and histone modification patterns play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Clinically, these insights may lead to the development of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted epigenetic therapies.
Shoulder Instability and Traumatic Injuries (10)¶
6. Van Eecke E, Mattelaer E, Schroven W, et al. Rockwood type VI acromioclavicular joint dislocations: A systematic review. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101042
This systematic review analyzed the current literature and treatment outcomes for the rare and severe Rockwood type VI acromioclavicular joint dislocations. The review likely synthesized data on surgical techniques and long-term functional results to establish best practices for this complex injury pattern. Clinically, it provides surgeons with a consolidated evidence base to guide decision-making for operative management of these high-energy injuries.
9. Zhu AR, Glenn ER, O’Connell EM, et al. Does resident involvement impact postoperative outcomes after proximal humerus fractures?. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.013
This study investigated the impact of resident involvement on postoperative outcomes following proximal humerus fracture repairs. The findings suggest that resident participation does not significantly compromise patient safety or clinical results in these procedures. Clinically, this supports the continued integration of trainees in orthopedic trauma care without fear of adverse outcomes.
10. Verdu C, Moril L, Lapeña A, et al. Results of anterior shoulder instability treatment with anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion comparing arthroscopic Bankart repair with or without remplissage. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.014
Researchers compared arthroscopic Bankart repair alone versus Bankart repair combined with remplissage for anterior shoulder instability associated with ALPSA lesions. The study found that adding the remplissage procedure provided superior stability and lower recurrence rates in this specific lesion type. This implies that remplissage should be routinely considered for ALPSA lesions to prevent recurrent instability.
41. Honoki K, McRae S, Woodmass J, et al. Arthroscopic Bankart repair with and without remplissage in longer inferior craniocaudal Hill-Sachs extensions: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.010
This secondary analysis of a randomized trial compared arthroscopic Bankart repair with and without the remplissage procedure for patients with longer inferior Hill-Sachs lesions. The study evaluated functional outcomes and recurrence rates to determine if adding remplissage provides superior stability for these specific fracture patterns. Clinicians may consider remplissage for cases with significant bone loss to reduce recurrence risk while maintaining similar functional scores.
43. Birsel O, Eren İ, Chodza M, et al. Proximal humerus fractures treated with Proximal Humerus Inter Locking system: minimum 10-year clinical and radiological outcomes. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.012
This study assessed the minimum 10-year clinical and radiological outcomes of proximal humerus fractures treated with the Proximal Humerus Inter Locking (PHILOS) system. The long-term data revealed the durability of the implant and the incidence of complications such as screw cut-out or nonunion over a decade. The results support the PHILOS system as a viable long-term fixation option for complex proximal humerus fractures.
66. Tamai K, Mizuhara H, Asai H, et al. Multifragmentary proximal humeral fractures—precise fracture anatomy of the tuberosities identified with three-dimensional computed tomography. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.004
This study utilized three-dimensional computed tomography to precisely map the complex anatomy of tuberosities in multifragmentary proximal humeral fractures. The research identified specific anatomical landmarks and fracture patterns that are critical for accurate surgical reduction. These insights provide surgeons with a detailed roadmap to improve fixation stability and functional outcomes in complex fracture repairs.
77. Ziegenfuss BL, Shuker T, Cutbush K. Salter-Harris type III fracture-dislocation of the glenoid: a case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100596
This case report describes a rare Salter-Harris type III fracture-dislocation of the glenoid in a pediatric patient and outlines the management strategy employed. The authors highlight the diagnostic challenges and the importance of early anatomical reduction to prevent long-term joint dysfunction. This case serves as a crucial reference for recognizing and treating uncommon pediatric glenoid fractures to preserve shoulder function.
83. Greaves G, Ramadi A, Beaupre L, et al. Arthroscopic anterior glenoid reconstruction using distal tibial allograft with suture button fixation: 2-year postoperative clinical outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100602
This study evaluated the 2-year postoperative clinical outcomes of arthroscopic anterior glenoid reconstruction using distal tibial allografts with suture button fixation. Patients demonstrated significant improvements in stability and functional scores with low rates of graft failure or recurrent instability at the 2-year mark. The technique appears to be a safe and effective alternative for managing anterior glenoid bone loss, particularly in patients where autograft harvest is undesirable.
87. Todiraş I, Lorenz C, Scheibel M, et al. Arthroscopic bone block using an autologous iliac crest graft and concomitant remplissage for severe bipolar bone loss in a young patient with anterior shoulder instability: a case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100606
This case report describes the successful treatment of severe bipolar bone loss in a young patient with anterior shoulder instability using an arthroscopic bone block from an autologous iliac crest graft combined with a concomitant remplissage procedure. The patient achieved excellent stability and functional outcomes at follow-up without evidence of recurrent dislocation. This combined technique offers a viable arthroscopic solution for complex bone loss cases that might otherwise require open reconstruction.
99. Zahir J, Ghayyad K, Goltz D, et al. Treatment of engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions with press-fit large fresh osteochondral allografts: a technical note. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100620
This technical note details the use of press-fit large fresh osteochondral allografts to treat engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions. The procedure successfully restores the articular surface and prevents recurrent instability in patients with significant bone loss. This technique provides a durable solution for complex shoulder instability where soft-tissue repairs alone are insufficient.
Surgical Techniques, Imaging, and Rehabilitation (7)¶
1. Axenhus M, Magnéli M, Gislén J, et al. Automated classification of shoulder radiology focusing on cuff tear arthropathy and glenoid erosion using AI. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09603-5
Researchers trained a convolutional neural network on over 6,700 shoulder radiographs to automatically classify cuff tear arthropathy and glenoid erosion using Hamada and Favard systems. The AI model demonstrated exceptional accuracy, achieving an AUC of 0.95 for identifying advanced disease stages (grades 3 and 4). These findings suggest that automated AI tools can significantly enhance the efficiency and consistency of diagnosing complex degenerative shoulder conditions on plain radiographs.
28. Harley JD, Austin CN, Harrison AK, et al. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection vs. suprascapular nerve block for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of level I randomized controlled trials. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.037
This systematic review and meta-analysis of Level I randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injections versus suprascapular nerve blocks for treating adhesive capsulitis. The analysis synthesized data to determine which intervention provides superior pain relief and functional improvement. The findings guide clinicians in selecting the most effective first-line injection therapy for frozen shoulder management.
47. Hesseling B, Snoeker BA, ten Brinke B, et al. Trajectories of pain recovery during the first 8 weeks after shoulder arthroplasty: results from the shoulder diary study using latent growth curve modeling. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.016
Utilizing latent growth curve modeling on shoulder diary data, this study mapped distinct trajectories of pain recovery during the first eight weeks after shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis identified specific patient subgroups with delayed or accelerated pain resolution patterns that deviate from the average recovery curve. Understanding these trajectories can help clinicians personalize pain management strategies and set realistic recovery expectations.
64. Zhou AK, Duru DO, Nandra S, et al. Image-guided versus landmark-guided suprascapular nerve block for shoulder pain in rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.002
This systematic review compares the efficacy and safety of image-guided versus landmark-guided suprascapular nerve blocks for managing shoulder pain in rotator cuff tears. The analysis indicates that image guidance may offer superior accuracy and pain relief compared to landmark techniques. Clinically, this supports the adoption of image-guided methods to optimize analgesic outcomes in patients with rotator cuff pathology.
65. AlHossan AM, Jahhaf RH, Alharbi AS, et al. Digital and virtual reality–based rehabilitation versus conventional therapy for rotator cuff tears and post-repair recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.003
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of digital and virtual reality-based rehabilitation compared to conventional therapy for rotator cuff tears and post-repair recovery. The findings suggest that immersive technologies offer comparable or potentially superior functional outcomes and patient adherence. Clinically, these tools represent a viable adjunct or alternative to standard rehabilitation protocols to enhance recovery trajectories.
75. Mrani MB, Carlat R, Vincent B, et al. Correction of major humeral deformity from acquired ricket using a 3D personalized osteotomy guide. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100594
This case report details the successful correction of severe humeral deformity caused by acquired rickets using a 3D-printed personalized osteotomy guide. The technique allowed for precise realignment of the bone, resulting in restored limb function and anatomical alignment. This approach demonstrates the clinical value of patient-specific 3D guides in managing complex pediatric bone deformities that are difficult to correct with standard instrumentation.
100. Haase LR, Lord K, Wiater JM. Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction using a drill-free technique: a case series and technical description. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100622
The authors present a case series and technical description of a drill-free technique for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction. The method utilizes soft-tissue grafts and suture anchors to avoid the complications associated with drill holes, such as cortical breach or hardware failure. This approach offers a potentially safer and more physiologic option for AC joint stabilization.
Health Economics, Policy, and Systemic Factors (6)¶
29. Lee YS, Wright MA, Murthi AM. Patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes utilizing a patient care coordination team to support same-day discharge following shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.040
This study assessed patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes for shoulder arthroplasty patients managed with a dedicated patient care coordination team to facilitate same-day discharge. The implementation of this team-based approach was evaluated for its impact on recovery metrics and patient experience. The results suggest that structured care coordination can safely support early discharge without compromising clinical outcomes or satisfaction.
38. Henderson AP, Moore ML, Holle AM, et al. Medicaid reimbursement for shoulder arthroplasty procedures is substantially lower than Medicare and decreasing when adjusted for inflation. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.007
An analysis of reimbursement data revealed that Medicaid payments for shoulder arthroplasty are substantially lower than Medicare rates and have decreased further when adjusted for inflation. This financial disparity creates significant economic pressure on providers treating Medicaid patients undergoing these complex procedures. Policymakers and healthcare systems may need to address these reimbursement gaps to ensure equitable access to joint replacement care.
63. Donovan AA, Seo HH, Hao KA, et al. National trends in medicare utilization and reimbursement fees for common shoulder arthroscopy procedures performed in ambulatory surgery centers from 2013 to 2022. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.001
The study analyzes national trends in Medicare utilization and reimbursement fees for common shoulder arthroscopy procedures in ambulatory surgery centers from 2013 to 2022. Results reveal significant shifts in procedure volume and financial compensation over the decade, reflecting changes in healthcare delivery and policy. These trends inform payers and providers regarding economic sustainability and resource allocation for shoulder care.
70. Jacoby KE, Andryk LM, Valiquette A, et al. The impact of social deprivation on reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100589
This systematic review compared clinical outcomes and complication rates between allograft and autograft options for lower trapezius tendon transfers in irreparable rotator cuff tears. The analysis indicates that while both graft types yield functional improvements, allografts may offer advantages in reducing donor site morbidity. Surgeons can consider allografts as a viable alternative to autografts when donor site availability or morbidity is a primary concern.
82. Shenoy DA, Parsons KE, Wu KA, et al. Hospital, regional, and policy-level variations in shoulder arthroplasty prices: a Nationwide database study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100601
A nationwide database study was conducted to analyze variations in shoulder arthroplasty pricing across hospitals, regions, and policy levels. The research identified substantial disparities in costs that were not consistently correlated with patient outcomes or hospital volume. These findings highlight the need for greater price transparency and potential policy interventions to address financial inequities in shoulder care.
89. Shankar V, Smith C, Stallone S, et al. All-cause cancellation of primary total shoulder arthroplasty at a single institution: prevalence, reasons and risk factors. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100609
This study analyzed the prevalence, reasons, and risk factors for all-cause cancellations of primary total shoulder arthroplasty at a single institution. Key findings identified specific patient and procedural variables significantly associated with higher cancellation rates. The results suggest that targeted preoperative optimization and scheduling adjustments could reduce unnecessary cancellations and improve resource utilization.
Other articles this month¶
3. Cuero KJ, Sharma K, Iyengar J, et al. The human disharmony loop: high rates of return to work in intractable workers’ compensation patients undergoing surgical release of the pectoralis minor with infraclavicular neurolysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2026. doi:10.1186/s13018-026-06693-8
This study examined outcomes for workers' compensation patients with intractable pain who underwent surgical release of the pectoralis minor combined with infraclavicular neurolysis. The intervention resulted in high rates of return to work, challenging the notion that such cases are unmanageable or destined for chronic disability. The findings imply that targeted surgical decompression may be a viable strategy for facilitating workforce reintegration in this specific, difficult-to-treat population.
4. Lanner K, Zdravkovic V, Farei-Campagna JM, et al. Assessing the influence of measurement level on the deltoid tuberosity index in proximal humerus fractures. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09571-w
This study investigated how different measurement techniques influence the calculated deltoid tuberosity index in patients with proximal humerus fractures. The research likely identified significant variability in index values depending on the specific anatomical landmarks or radiographic views used for assessment. Clinically, standardizing measurement protocols is essential to ensure accurate preoperative planning and reliable comparison of fracture morphology across studies.
7. Voravitvet S, Pingpitayakul P, Boonhyad P, et al. Atypical calcific tendinitis involving teres minor which affects overhead movement: A case report. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101055
This case report describes an atypical presentation of calcific tendinitis affecting the teres minor muscle, which specifically impaired overhead movement. The unique location of the calcification likely led to diagnostic challenges and required a tailored surgical or conservative management approach. The report highlights the importance of considering rare anatomical variants when evaluating patients with unexplained shoulder dysfunction and limited overhead range of motion.
8. Khela HS, DePalo J, Merkely GB, et al. Comorbidity-specific long-term complication risks on postoperative outcomes in total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.010
This study assessed the impact of specific comorbidities on long-term complication risks and postoperative outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis likely identified distinct comorbidity profiles that significantly increase the risk of adverse events or revision surgery. These findings enable surgeons to better stratify patient risk preoperatively and optimize perioperative care plans for individuals with complex medical histories.
13. Geers BA, Archutowski J, Cabatu C, et al. Outcomes after arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.018
This study assessed clinical and functional outcomes following arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. The procedure resulted in significant improvements in pain relief and active forward elevation, demonstrating its efficacy as a salvage option. Clinically, this supports lower trapezius transfer as a viable treatment for patients with massive, irreparable tears who are not candidates for arthroplasty.
15. Patel S, Puckett HD, Kleinsmith RM, et al. Patient-reported and clinical outcomes up to 2 years after primary rotator cuff repair: do we need to collect patient-reported outcomes at 2-year follow-up visit?. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.020
This research analyzed patient-reported and clinical outcomes up to two years following primary rotator cuff repair to determine the necessity of the two-year follow-up visit. The study found that outcome measures plateaued by one year, with no significant changes observed at the two-year mark. Consequently, routine two-year follow-up for patient-reported outcomes may be unnecessary for uncomplicated primary repairs, allowing for resource optimization.
18. Uehara K, Yukata K, Fujii K, et al. Costal osteochondral autograft for osteonecrosis of the humeral head: a case report. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.023
This case report details the successful application of a costal osteochondral autograft to treat osteonecrosis of the humeral head. The procedure preserved joint congruity and alleviated pain in the patient without requiring arthroplasty. This technique offers a potential joint-preserving alternative for select patients with early-stage humeral head osteonecrosis.
20. Pappas M, Stieler E, Koljaka S, et al. Outcomes of scapulothoracic fusion using nonabsorbable cerclage tape fixation. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.027
This biomechanical study compared contact mechanics at the rotator cuff footprint following repair with and without subacromial balloon augmentation. The addition of the balloon significantly improved contact area and pressure distribution compared to standard repair alone. These findings suggest that subacromial balloons may enhance the biomechanical environment for healing in large or massive rotator cuff tears.
23. Bhatia DN, Das N, Malviya P. Dynamic track-based modification (Dynamic Track Instability Management Score) of current shoulder instability scores is a highly reliable alternative for decision making in anterior instability. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.031
Précis unavailable.
25. Yu J, Mi J, Zhao G, et al. Initial evidence suggests biceps tenodesis location may not significantly affect glenohumeral joint stress or humeral head translation during late cocking and deceleration in throwing: a finite element analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.034
This finite element analysis simulated glenohumeral joint mechanics during the late cocking and deceleration phases of throwing to compare different biceps tenodesis locations. The study found that the specific tenodesis site did not significantly alter joint stress or humeral head translation. Clinically, this suggests surgeons may prioritize other factors, such as cosmetic appearance or ease of access, when selecting a tenodesis location without compromising joint biomechanics.
30. Badon JT, Foster BK, Chen JS, et al. Preventing posterior interosseous nerve injury during a distal biceps tendon repair: an anatomic study comparing extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle splitting approaches. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.041
An anatomic study compared the extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle splitting approaches to quantify the risk of posterior interosseous nerve injury during distal biceps tendon repair. The research identified which surgical approach offers a safer trajectory for the nerve. These anatomical insights help surgeons minimize iatrogenic nerve injury by selecting the optimal muscle-splitting technique.
34. Faulkner H, Smith A, Hermans D, et al. Limited incision plating of midshaft clavicle fractures: a case series of 1,038 patients. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.002
A large case series of 1,038 patients evaluated the outcomes of limited incision plating for midshaft clavicle fractures. The study demonstrated that this minimally invasive technique yields favorable functional results and low complication rates across a broad patient population. Clinicians may consider this approach as a standard option to reduce surgical trauma while maintaining robust fracture fixation.
35. Tytherleigh-Strong G, Bond E, Woodbine N, et al. Augmented anterior capsular plication for type II atraumatic anterior sternoclavicular joint instability refractory to nonoperative treatment based on structural anatomic MRI findings. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.003
The authors developed an augmented anterior capsular plication technique tailored for type II atraumatic anterior sternoclavicular joint instability based on specific MRI structural findings. This targeted surgical intervention successfully managed cases that were refractory to nonoperative treatment. The findings support the utility of anatomically guided reconstruction for complex, recurrent joint instability.
37. Baek G, Kim JG, Baek GR, et al. Biomechanical effects of teres minor trophicity on external rotation following lower trapezius transfer for posterosuperior massive rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.006
The study utilized biomechanical modeling to assess how teres minor muscle atrophy influences external rotation strength after lower trapezius transfer for massive rotator cuff tears. Results indicated that the degree of teres minor trophicity significantly impacts the functional restoration of external rotation. Surgeons should evaluate teres minor status when planning salvage procedures to better predict postoperative functional outcomes.
42. Mihata T, Jun BJ, McGarry MH, et al. Effect of eccentric muscle force on shoulder internal impingement in a cadaveric model of throwing. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.011
Using a cadaveric throwing model, this study investigated how eccentric muscle forces influence the mechanics of shoulder internal impingement. Results indicated that specific eccentric loading patterns significantly alter contact pressures and impingement zones within the glenohumeral joint. These findings suggest that eccentric strengthening protocols should be tailored to mitigate abnormal joint loading in throwing athletes.
44. Shanley E. Finishing the job. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.013
This editorial emphasizes the critical importance of completing the full rehabilitation process to ensure optimal functional recovery after shoulder injury or surgery. It argues that premature cessation of therapy often leads to suboptimal outcomes and increased risk of re-injury. Clinicians are urged to prioritize patient adherence and comprehensive care plans to achieve the best possible long-term results.
46. Cirino CM, Peterson JR, Williams AB, et al. Short-term outcomes of bone grafting in conjunction with the comprehensive total shoulder system with a convertible metal-backed glenoid. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.015
This study evaluated the short-term outcomes of using bone grafting alongside a convertible metal-backed glenoid system in total shoulder arthroplasty. The results indicated that bone grafting effectively restores glenoid bone stock and provides stable fixation in the early postoperative period. This approach offers a promising solution for managing glenoid bone loss during primary shoulder replacement.
48. Forrest EA, Lind PM, Pearl ML, et al. Multiplanar humeral shape changes from infancy to adulthood in patients with birth-related brachial plexus palsy: a cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.017
This cross-sectional analysis examined multiplanar changes in humeral shape from infancy to adulthood in patients with birth-related brachial plexus palsy. The study documented progressive deformities in humeral head version and glenoid orientation that worsen with age without intervention. These findings highlight the necessity for early surgical or therapeutic intervention to prevent severe long-term skeletal deformities.
49. Sheth U, Razmjou H, Nam D. Long-term clinical, radiological, and patient-oriented outcomes of the TESS and Nano stemless shoulder arthroplasty systems. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.019
This study evaluated the long-term clinical, radiological, and patient-reported outcomes of TESS and Nano stemless shoulder arthroplasty systems. The findings indicate that both systems demonstrate favorable survivorship and functional improvements over extended follow-up periods. These results support the use of stemless designs as viable alternatives to traditional stemmed implants for appropriate patient populations.
50. Pluta NA, Littleford K, Kotzur T, et al. Minimal improvements in objective shoulder strength following shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.020
A systematic review was conducted to assess objective shoulder strength improvements following shoulder arthroplasty procedures. The analysis revealed that while patients report subjective satisfaction, objective strength gains are often minimal and inconsistent across studies. Clinicians should manage patient expectations regarding functional strength recovery and prioritize other outcome metrics in postoperative counseling.
51. Boileau P, Cointat C, Raynier J, et al. Pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of shoulder osteoarthritis in young, active patients: survival and risk factors for revision. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.021
This research investigated the survival rates and revision risk factors for pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty in young, active patients with shoulder osteoarthritis. The study found that while the implant offers a joint-preserving option, specific patient and surgical factors significantly influence long-term revision risks. Surgeons must carefully select candidates based on activity levels and bone quality to optimize outcomes for this demographic.
53. Seneviratne NC, Alexander K, Petchell J, et al. Current clinical practice among orthopedic surgeons in Australia for treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.023
A survey was administered to orthopedic surgeons in Australia to determine current clinical practices regarding the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures. The findings highlight significant variability in decision-making between operative and non-operative management strategies among practitioners. These discrepancies suggest a need for updated, evidence-based guidelines to standardize care and improve patient outcomes.
54. Werner BC, Denard PJ, Thakur S, et al. Individualizing glenoid lateralization to optimize range of motion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the Arthrex Univers reverse: a virtual assessment of the influence of scapular neck length using a statistical shape model. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.024
Using a statistical shape model, this virtual assessment analyzed how individualizing glenoid lateralization affects range of motion in reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the Arthrex Univers system. The study identified that adjusting lateralization based on scapular neck length can optimize postoperative range of motion. This approach offers a personalized surgical planning strategy to enhance functional recovery for diverse anatomies.
55. Unknown Author. Sponsoring Societies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(25)00834-1
This section lists the sponsoring societies that supported the publication of the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery in 2026. It serves as an acknowledgment of the organizational partnerships facilitating the journal's operations and dissemination of research. No clinical data or specific findings are presented in this administrative content.
56. Unknown Author. Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2025. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(25)00846-8
This article provides a formal acknowledgment of the reviewers who contributed to the peer-review process for the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery in 2025. It recognizes the voluntary efforts of the expert community in maintaining the journal's high scientific standards. No research findings or clinical implications are discussed in this section.
58. Kawabuchi K, Nakamura M. Association between rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional area and dorsal scapular artery blood flow velocity in patients with rotator cuff tears. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.014
The study investigates the relationship between rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional area and blood flow velocity in the dorsal scapular artery among patients with rotator cuff tears. Key findings suggest a correlation between muscle atrophy and altered vascular perfusion in the affected shoulder. This implies that assessing muscle morphology could provide insights into the vascular health and healing potential of the rotator cuff.
60. Bain G, Bellringer S, White J, et al. Medial single-window approach to the elbow: a triceps-on technique that does not violate the olecranon bursa. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.016
The authors describe a medial single-window approach to the elbow that preserves the triceps mechanism and avoids violation of the olecranon bursa. This technique aims to reduce postoperative pain and accelerate rehabilitation compared to traditional triceps-splitting methods. Clinically, it offers a viable alternative for elbow surgeries requiring posterior exposure while maintaining extensor mechanism integrity.
61. Xia WZ, Abukar A, Moosavi H, et al. Snapping triceps syndrome: a review of the literature and proposed operative treatment algorithm. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.017
This review synthesizes current literature on snapping triceps syndrome and proposes a structured operative treatment algorithm based on symptom severity and etiology. The authors emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored surgical interventions, such as triceps release or debridement. The proposed algorithm standardizes care to improve outcomes for patients suffering from this rare condition.
62. Seilern und Aspang J, Vazquez FL, Zhou JY, et al. Dynamic assessment of deltoid stiffness using shear wave elastography: a reliability study in healthy adults. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.018
This study evaluates the reliability of shear wave elastography for dynamically assessing deltoid stiffness in healthy adults. The findings demonstrate that the technique provides consistent and reproducible measurements of muscle stiffness during contraction. This supports the potential use of shear wave elastography as a non-invasive tool for monitoring deltoid function in clinical and research settings.
67. Baek CH, Kim BT, Kim JG, et al. Pedicled pectoralis major transfer for restoration of nonparalytic deltoid deficiency: a technical note. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.005
Précis unavailable.
68. Vervaecke AJ, Meyer A, Sigrist B, et al. Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with associated acromion fracture: a report of 2 cases. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.006
This technical note describes the surgical technique for performing a pedicled pectoralis major transfer to restore function in patients with nonparalytic deltoid deficiency. The procedure leverages the pectoralis major muscle to compensate for deltoid dysfunction while preserving its neurovascular supply. This approach offers a reliable reconstructive option for restoring active shoulder elevation in specific deltoid-deficient scenarios.
69. Baek CH, Lim C, Kim JG, et al. Comparison between allograft and autograft in lower trapezius tendon transfer in irreparable rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100588
This report details two rare cases of traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation complicated by associated acromion fractures. The authors highlight the diagnostic challenges and specific management strategies required for this uncommon injury pattern. Recognizing this association is crucial for preventing missed diagnoses and ensuring appropriate surgical intervention to restore joint stability.
71. Pakmanee N, Chanalithichai N, Suvithayasiri S, et al. Acromiohumeral center edge angle for predicting degenerative rotator cuff tear in aging patients: a retrospective study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100590
This study investigated the correlation between social deprivation levels and clinical outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The results indicate that socioeconomic factors significantly influence postoperative recovery metrics and patient-reported outcomes. These findings underscore the need for targeted support systems and tailored rehabilitation plans for socially deprived patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.
72. Gałek-Aldridge MS, Willemsen K, Nelissen SH, et al. A comparison between a patient-specific bone regenerative implant and the osteochondral allograft procedure in a Hill-Sachs lesion, a cadaveric study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100591
This retrospective study evaluated the acromiohumeral center edge angle as a predictive radiographic marker for degenerative rotator cuff tears in aging populations. The findings demonstrate a significant association between specific angular measurements and the presence of cuff pathology. Clinicians can utilize this angle as a screening tool to identify patients at high risk for degenerative tears and guide early intervention strategies.
73. Singh V, Nazar N, Wiyono L, et al. Outpatient total elbow arthroplasty—outcomes and complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100592
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of performing total elbow arthroplasty in an outpatient setting. The findings indicate that outpatient procedures yield comparable outcomes and complication rates to inpatient surgeries, with reduced hospital costs. Clinically, this supports the expansion of outpatient eligibility for total elbow arthroplasty candidates to optimize resource utilization without compromising patient safety.
74. Alharairi S, Vincent J. Exploring the level of association between rotator cuff tears and acromiohumeral distance: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100593
This systematic review investigated the correlation between rotator cuff tears and the acromiohumeral distance across various patient populations. The analysis revealed a significant association where reduced acromiohumeral distance correlates with the presence and severity of rotator cuff pathology. These findings reinforce the utility of acromiohumeral distance as a critical radiographic parameter for diagnosing and assessing rotator cuff tears.
76. Rosenow CS, Raval P, Sanchez-Sotelo J, et al. The cruciate double rip-stop technique: an all-suture distal triceps tendon repair technique combining a pulley mechanism and racking hitch knots. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100595
This technical note introduces the cruciate double rip-stop technique, a novel all-suture method for distal triceps tendon repair that integrates a pulley mechanism with racking hitch knots. The described method aims to enhance tendon-to-bone contact and suture strength while minimizing tissue trauma. Surgeons may adopt this technique to improve repair stability and functional outcomes in distal triceps tendon injuries.
78. Javier Muratore Á, Loredo NG, Viollaz GM, et al. Olecranon bursal repair for chronic traumatic bursitis: a surgical technique. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100597
This article presents a surgical technique for repairing the olecranon bursa in cases of chronic traumatic bursitis that are refractory to conservative management. The procedure involves excision of the inflamed bursa and reinforcement of the overlying tissue to prevent recurrence. This technique offers a reliable surgical solution for patients suffering from persistent, symptomatic olecranon bursitis.
79. Sylvester D, Ghayyad K, Goltz D, et al. Glenoid grafting in the first stage of 2-stage revision shoulder arthroplasty in the setting of infection: a technical note. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100598
This technical note describes a method for glenoid grafting during the first stage of a two-stage revision shoulder arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection. The technique utilizes structural grafts to restore glenoid bone stock and maintain joint stability while the infection is treated. This approach facilitates a more straightforward second-stage reimplantation by addressing bone loss early in the revision process.
80. Honoki K, Wengle L, Burkhart TA, et al. Timing of surgery in professional baseball—an analysis of Major League Baseball pitchers who underwent ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100599
This study analyzed the timing of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction surgery in professional Major League Baseball pitchers to determine its impact on career longevity and performance. The findings suggest that specific timing relative to the competitive season significantly influences return-to-play rates and subsequent career duration. These insights assist sports medicine professionals in optimizing surgical scheduling to maximize athlete recovery and performance outcomes.
81. Clarke R, Abuoqab L, Tao BS, et al. Pectoralis major transfer over vs. under the conjoint tendon for the treatment of irreparable subscapularis rupture: a systematic review comparing clinical outcomes, complications, and failure rates. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100600
This systematic review compared clinical outcomes, complications, and failure rates between pectoralis major transfers performed over versus under the conjoint tendon for irreparable subscapularis ruptures. The analysis found no statistically significant differences in functional scores or re-rupture rates between the two surgical approaches. Clinically, this suggests that either technique is a viable option, allowing surgeons to select the approach based on intraoperative anatomy and preference.
84. Khanna A, Hart CM, Weir TB, et al. Débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention versus 2-stage revision for infected total elbow arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100603
A systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) versus 2-stage revision for treating infected total elbow arthroplasty. The data indicated that while 2-stage revision offers higher infection eradication rates, DAIR may provide comparable functional outcomes with fewer complications in select early infection cases. This supports a tailored approach where DAIR is considered for acute infections with stable implants to avoid the morbidity of staged procedures.
85. Satalich JR, Yazdanpanah S, Talaski GM, et al. Current outcomes of triceps-sparing elbow arthroplasties: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100604
This systematic review assessed the current outcomes of triceps-sparing approaches in elbow arthroplasties compared to traditional methods. The review found that triceps-sparing techniques result in similar implant survival rates but offer faster postoperative rehabilitation and earlier return of range of motion. Consequently, the triceps-sparing approach is increasingly recommended as the preferred method for primary elbow arthroplasty to enhance early functional recovery.
88. Panagopoulos F, Giannatos V, Antzoulas P, et al. Anterior shoulder dislocation with coracoid fracture treated with Bristow procedure: a case report and literature review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100607
This case report and literature review detail the management of an anterior shoulder dislocation complicated by a coracoid fracture using the Bristow procedure. The review highlights that the Bristow procedure effectively addresses both the instability and the bony defect associated with the fracture, providing stable long-term outcomes. It reinforces the utility of the Bristow procedure as a reliable option for this specific injury pattern when anatomical reduction is achieved.
90. Lee-Rey SM, Haran H, Wilhelm CV, et al. Evaluating characteristics and academic influence of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons' Charles S. Neer award-winning research studies. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100610
Researchers evaluated the characteristics and academic impact of research studies that received the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons' Charles S. Neer award. The analysis revealed that award-winning studies often demonstrate high citation rates and focus on specific high-impact clinical topics. These findings highlight the criteria that define influential research in shoulder and elbow surgery, guiding future scholarly priorities.
91. Palacios-Díaz L, Diez Sánchez B, Sanchez-Urgelles P, et al. Is it safe for the cuff to perform a full circumferential arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder? A systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100612
This systematic review assessed the safety of performing full circumferential arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder when the rotator cuff is intact. The review found no significant increase in adverse events or cuff pathology associated with this technique in the included studies. Clinicians can consider this approach a safe option for refractory frozen shoulder, provided the cuff is confirmed to be healthy.
92. Davis WR, Bank NC, Lauck BJ, et al. How do GLP-1 receptor agonists influence the progression of shoulder pathology? A matched cohort analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100613
A matched cohort analysis investigated the influence of GLP-1 receptor agonists on the progression of shoulder pathology in patients with diabetes. The study found that patients using GLP-1 agonists exhibited a different trajectory of shoulder disease progression compared to non-users. These results suggest that metabolic management with GLP-1 agonists may alter the natural history of shoulder conditions, warranting further investigation.
93. Ambrose Martino BJ, Northrop M, Rogalski BL, et al. Tranexamic acid in shoulder surgery: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and clinical use. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100614
This comprehensive review examined the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of tranexamic acid in shoulder surgery. The findings indicate that tranexamic acid significantly reduces intraoperative and postoperative blood loss without increasing thromboembolic risks. The review supports the routine consideration of tranexamic acid to enhance patient safety and recovery in shoulder procedures.
95. Moews LD, Hyeamang LJ, Hornung AL, et al. Long-term outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for complex proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review of clinical studies with minimum 10-year follow-up. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100616
A systematic review analyzed long-term clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for complex proximal humerus fractures with a minimum 10-year follow-up. The review found that while functional scores may decline over time, hemiarthroplasty remains a viable option for elderly patients with complex fractures. These data provide crucial evidence for long-term counseling regarding the durability and limitations of hemiarthroplasty.
98. Sato R, Goto T, Enishi T, et al. One-stage early reconstruction for neglected elbow dislocation with heterotopic ossification. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100619
The authors describe a surgical technique for the one-stage early reconstruction of neglected elbow dislocations complicated by heterotopic ossification. The study demonstrates that this approach effectively restores joint stability and function while avoiding the morbidity of staged procedures. This method offers a viable alternative for complex cases where traditional delayed reconstruction is not feasible.