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What's New — Hand — January 2026

72 new articles published this month.

Themes: Thumb Osteoarthritis and Management · Wrist Fractures, Instability, and Kienböck Disease · Nerve Injuries, Paralysis, and Reconstruction · Dupuytren Disease and Soft Tissue Pathology · Pediatric Hand Surgery and Congenital Anomalies · Evidence-Based Practice, Education, and Systemic Issues

Digest generated 2026-04-16 00:52:13+00:00.

Highlights

Thumb Osteoarthritis and Management

This cluster addresses the diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of basal thumb osteoarthritis, a prevalent condition causing significant functional impairment. Recent literature re-evaluates the critical pathology, specifically volar beak ligament degeneration [33], while comparing surgical options like trapeziectomy against emerging arthroplasty techniques [7]. Clinical effectiveness of non-operative care remains a focus, with studies highlighting the variability in physiotherapy delivery [7]. Furthermore, the association between carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome underscores the need for comprehensive evaluation [52]. Surgical outcomes for traumatic instability are also reviewed, providing data on ligament reconstruction efficacy [30].

Wrist Fractures, Instability, and Kienböck Disease

Articles in this theme focus on the long-term management of wrist trauma and specific pathologies like Kienböck disease. Long-term follow-up data compares surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for scaphoid waist fractures, showing sustained outcomes at five years [6]. Research into Kienböck disease includes twenty-year results of radial shortening osteotomy [15] and the use of vascularized bone grafting [25]. Biomechanical and anatomical studies explore optimal osteotomy angles for stress reduction [18] and the implications of radial neck axis angulation for head replacement [12]. Additionally, novel techniques for scapholunate repair using temporary dorsal staples [68] and the role of cartilage caps in scaphoid nonunions [23] are discussed.

Nerve Injuries, Paralysis, and Reconstruction

This theme encompasses the spectrum of nerve injury management, from congenital brachial plexus birth injuries to acquired neuropathies. Updates on classification and natural history of brachial plexus injuries inform surgical decision-making [2], while specific reconstructions like pectoralis minor transfer for internal rotation are detailed [22]. Nerve transfer techniques for ulnar finger flexion and median nerve paralysis are explored through cadaveric feasibility studies [34, 45]. Diagnostic advancements include objective evaluation of the scratch collapse test for cubital tunnel syndrome [38] and the use of shear wave elastography for tendon rerupture [37]. The theme also covers nerve regeneration strategies, including amniotic fluid stem cells on grafts [10] and neuroma prevention via nerve-to-artery coaptation [42].

Dupuytren Disease and Soft Tissue Pathology

Focusing on connective tissue disorders, this cluster highlights innovative approaches to treating Dupuytren disease. A two-step treatment protocol combining progressive distraction with external fixation and percutaneous needle fasciotomy is presented for severe cases [9]. Mechanistic research explores transforming myofibroblasts into lipid-filled cells as a novel therapeutic strategy [11]. The theme also addresses soft tissue complications and infections following hand trauma, analyzing national data on surgical site infections, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis [8]. Additionally, rare conditions such as focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia causing clinodactyly [4] and wrist/hand melorheostosis [40] are reviewed, alongside the clinical findings of wrist tuberculosis [19].

Pediatric Hand Surgery and Congenital Anomalies

This section aggregates research specific to pediatric hand conditions and congenital anomalies. Studies investigate the impact of surgical timing on functional outcomes in radial club hand [13] and the management of congenital mallet finger [41]. Complications following congenital hand surgery are analyzed using registry data to identify lessons for improved care [36]. The theme also includes rare pediatric tumors, such as infantile fibrosarcoma treated with targeted chemotherapy and conservative resection [65]. Furthermore, re-evaluation of pediatric nailbed injuries questions current overtreatment practices for simple cases [58], and a new classification for brachial plexus birth injury based on intraoperative findings is introduced [2].

Evidence-Based Practice, Education, and Systemic Issues

The final theme addresses the broader context of hand surgery, including research methodology, education, and healthcare access. Critical discussions on the flaws of prospective randomized studies in surgery [28] and the role of proof-based clinical practice [1] are featured. Educational trends in fellowship training are surveyed to prepare future surgeons [55]. Systemic issues are highlighted through analyses of insurance status influencing treatment recommendations for distal radius fractures [67], socioeconomic gaps in access to care [71], and the impact of sociodemographic factors on patient-reported outcome completion [56]. Economic evaluations compare treatment costs for polydactyly excision [50] and carpal tunnel release across specialties [48].

Articles by Theme

Thumb Osteoarthritis and Management (5)

7. Johnson NA, Reay E, Jansen V, et al. What is the most effective treatment for basal osteoarthritis of the thumb?. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0483.r1

This article outlines the ongoing SCOOTT trial, which compares enhanced non-surgical management, trapeziectomy, and thumb carpometacarpal joint arthroplasty for basal thumb osteoarthritis. It highlights the current uncertainty regarding the most effective treatment, noting the trade-offs between the low cost of trapeziectomy and the promising but unproven outcomes of new arthroplasty implants. The trial aims to provide high-quality evidence to standardize care and improve cost-effectiveness.

30. Nieuwdorp NJ, Jongen IC, Hundepool CA, et al. Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Ligament Reconstruction for Traumatic Thumb Carpometacarpal Instability. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.015

The study assessed clinical and patient-reported outcomes following ligament reconstruction for traumatic thumb carpometacarpal instability. Results showed that the procedure effectively restores stability and improves functional scores in the majority of patients. This supports ligament reconstruction as a reliable treatment for restoring thumb function after traumatic injury.

33. Pellegrini VD, Fort MW, Nelton EB, et al. Revisiting the Critical Pathology of Primary Thumb Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: Volar Beak Ligament Degeneration. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.10.015

This study re-evaluates the pathology of primary thumb trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, identifying volar beak ligament degeneration as a critical factor. The authors propose that this specific ligamentous failure drives joint instability and cartilage loss. Clinically, this shifts surgical focus toward addressing ligamentous integrity rather than solely targeting bony deformities.

49. Hammarstedt JE, Masturov YA, Arango SD, et al. CMC Arthroplasty for Treatment of the Painful and Arthritic Thumb: A Review of Surgical Treatment Options with Preferred Technique. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100864

This review evaluates surgical options for treating painful thumb carpometacarpal arthritis, comparing various arthroplasty techniques to identify a preferred method. The authors synthesize current literature to recommend specific approaches that optimize pain relief and functional recovery. The clinical implication is a standardized framework for surgeons to select the most effective arthroplasty based on patient-specific factors.

52. Peterson VanderWeele B, Peng L, Fitch B, et al. Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100867

This research investigates the association between carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. The study finds a statistically significant increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with CMC osteoarthritis. This suggests that clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for concurrent median nerve compression when evaluating patients with thumb base arthritis.

Wrist Fractures, Instability, and Kienböck Disease (6)

6. Dias JJ, Brealey SD, Coleman E, et al. Clinical effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0122.r1

This five-year follow-up of the SWIFFT trial compares surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for scaphoid waist fractures in adults. The study found no significant difference in patient-reported wrist function, grip strength, or range of motion between the two groups at the five-year mark. These results support the conclusion that cast immobilization remains a valid, non-invasive treatment option with outcomes equivalent to surgery in the long term.

12. Velasquez Garcia AR, Wentworth AJ, Nishikawa H, et al. Three-Dimensional Orientation of the Radial Neck Axis Angulation: Implications for Radial Head Replacement. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.03.023

The study performed a detailed three-dimensional analysis of the radial neck axis angulation to refine surgical planning for radial head replacement. Results revealed significant variations in orientation that are critical for restoring normal joint kinematics. These findings imply that preoperative 3D planning is essential to optimize implant positioning and prevent postoperative complications.

15. Suzuki T, Matsui Y, Momma D, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Radial Shortening Osteotomy for Kienböck Disease: Minimum 20-Year Follow-Up Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.018

The authors conducted a long-term follow-up study with a minimum of 20 years to assess the durability of radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck disease. The key finding shows that the procedure maintains significant pain relief and functional improvement over two decades. This supports radial shortening osteotomy as a durable, joint-preserving treatment option for advanced Kienböck disease.

18. Hojo A, Matsuura Y, Yamazaki T, et al. Investigating Optimal Osteotomy Angles for Kienböck and Preiser Disease Using Finite Element Analysis: Stress Changes in the Lunate and Scaphoid Bones Associated With Closing Radial Wedge Osteotomy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.05.014

Researchers utilized finite element analysis to determine optimal osteotomy angles for Kienböck and Preiser diseases, specifically evaluating stress changes in the lunate and scaphoid during closing radial wedge osteotomy. The findings identify specific angular parameters that minimize abnormal bone stress while correcting deformity. These results provide a biomechanical basis for refining surgical planning to improve long-term joint preservation outcomes.

23. Vazquez F, Zhou JY, Blevins KM, et al. Cartilage Cap in Scaphoid Nonunions: An Indication of Stability and Biology?. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.019

This investigation examines the presence of cartilage caps in scaphoid nonunions to determine if they serve as indicators of biological stability. The findings suggest that a cartilage cap may correlate with a more favorable biological environment for healing. Identifying this feature could assist surgeons in selecting patients who might benefit from less invasive biological augmentation rather than extensive structural grafting.

68. Rahman R, Abola MV, Carlson MG. Temporary Dorsal Staple Fixation of Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Repair and Reconstruction. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100891

The authors present a technique for temporary dorsal staple fixation to augment scapholunate interosseous ligament repair and reconstruction. The method offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional hardware, facilitating stable fixation during the healing phase. Clinically, this approach may reduce complications associated with permanent implants and simplify the surgical procedure for ligamentous instability.

Nerve Injuries, Paralysis, and Reconstruction (9)

2. Hems T. Brachial plexus birth injury: classification, natural history and shoulder external rotation. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934251408606

The author reviews recent literature on brachial plexus birth injury, highlighting a new intraoperative classification system that correlates well with functional outcomes. Key findings indicate that while most patients regain significant shoulder abduction, early elbow flexion recovery does not reliably predict long-term prognosis. These insights suggest that management decisions should rely on updated classification data rather than early motor milestones alone.

10. Ma X, Henry K, Healy K, et al. In Vivo Tracking of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells on Acellular Nerve Graft. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.02.012

This study utilized in vivo imaging to track the migration and integration of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells within acellular nerve grafts. The findings demonstrate that these cells survive and localize effectively at the injury site, potentially enhancing nerve regeneration. Clinically, this supports the use of amniotic stem cells as a viable adjunct to improve functional recovery in peripheral nerve repairs.

22. Bertelli JA, de Avila Díaz I, Levaro F, et al. Pectoralis Minor Transfer for Internal Rotation Reconstruction in Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.011

The study evaluates the efficacy of pectoralis minor transfer for reconstructing internal rotation in brachial plexus birth injuries. Results indicate that this transfer can significantly improve internal rotation strength and range of motion in affected children. The technique represents a valuable addition to the surgical armamentarium for addressing persistent internal rotation deficits in upper brachial plexus palsy.

34. Amlani LM, Calotta N, Tuffaha S, et al. Reconstruction of Thumb and Index Flexion in High Median Nerve Paralysis Using a Single Radial Wrist Extensor Tendon Transfer. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.10.016

The authors describe a surgical technique utilizing a single radial wrist extensor tendon transfer to restore flexion in both the thumb and index finger for high median nerve paralysis. This approach simplifies the reconstruction process by consolidating multiple tendon transfers into one procedure. The finding suggests this method offers a viable, efficient solution for restoring pinch and grasp function in complex nerve injuries.

37. Mercier J, Moser M, Durand S. Shear Wave Elastography of Normal Flexor Tendons of the Fingers and Its Clinical Application for the Diagnosis of Reruptured Tendons After Primary Repair. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.005

This study establishes normative shear wave elastography values for normal finger flexor tendons and evaluates their utility in diagnosing reruptures after primary repair. The key finding demonstrates that altered tendon stiffness on elastography correlates strongly with tendon rerupture. Clinically, this offers a non-invasive, objective tool to differentiate between healing and failure in postoperative patients.

38. Anantavorasakul N, Duangmee I, Honglertkawin S, et al. Objective Evaluation of the “Scratch Collapse Test” for the Diagnosis of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Using Dynamometer. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.006

The authors objectively validated the Scratch Collapse Test for diagnosing cubital tunnel syndrome using a dynamometer to quantify force reduction. The study confirms that the test produces statistically significant and reproducible force drops in patients with confirmed cubital tunnel syndrome. This supports the test's reliability as a clinical diagnostic aid for ulnar nerve entrapment.

42. Ragsdale TD, Firouzbakht PK, Nwadike BA, et al. Neuroma Prevention by Nerve to Artery Coaptation: A Pilot Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.12.006

This pilot study investigates the efficacy of nerve-to-artery coaptation as a novel technique for preventing post-surgical neuroma formation. The researchers evaluated anatomical feasibility and early healing responses in a small cohort of patients. The findings suggest this method may offer a viable alternative to traditional nerve management for reducing chronic pain.

45. Titolo P, Crosio A, Fanecco A, et al. Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Ulnar Fingers Flexion Through Pronator Teres Motor Branch: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100844

This cadaveric feasibility study evaluates the anatomical suitability of using the pronator teres motor branch for nerve transfer to restore ulnar finger flexion. The authors measured nerve length, caliber, and reach to determine the technical viability of this specific transfer route. The study confirms that this approach is anatomically feasible and offers a potential solution for restoring intrinsic hand function.

70. Lambi AG, Holy T, Tomlinson RE, et al. Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy: Current Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100896

This review synthesizes current knowledge on the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment options for radiation-induced brachial plexopathy. It emphasizes the challenges in distinguishing this condition from tumor recurrence and outlines conservative versus surgical management strategies. The article serves as a clinical guide for hand surgeons managing patients with prior radiation exposure presenting with upper extremity deficits.

Dupuytren Disease and Soft Tissue Pathology (6)

4. Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yu D, et al. Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia in the phalanges. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934251381178

This study presents a case series of 20 patients with focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia causing clinodactyly, detailing the clinical and radiographic features of this rare benign bone lesion. The key finding is that the lateral angulation deformity remained stable over a median follow-up of 24 months without intervention in the majority of cases. Clinically, this suggests that conservative management may be appropriate for stable deformities, avoiding unnecessary surgery.

8. Wormald JCR, Rodrigues JN, Ng M, et al. The risk of surgical site infection, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis after hand trauma surgery. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0678.r1

Using national healthcare data, this study quantified the risk of deep surgical site infections, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis following common hand trauma surgeries. The findings reveal a severe infection risk of 1.4% at 30 days and 2.0% at 90 days, with varying risks across different surgical procedures. These data provide crucial baseline statistics for preoperative counseling and infection prevention strategies in hand trauma care.

9. Corain M, Lavagnolo U. Treatment of Severe Dupuytren Disease in Two Steps: Progressive Distraction With External Fixator and Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.02.002

The authors evaluated a two-step treatment protocol combining progressive distraction with an external fixator followed by percutaneous needle fasciotomy for severe Dupuytren disease. This approach aims to gradually correct contractures while minimizing tissue trauma compared to single-stage open procedures. The clinical implication suggests this staged method may offer improved functional outcomes and reduced recurrence rates for complex cases.

11. Ziegler ME, Lem M, Melkonian J, et al. Transforming Myofibroblasts Into Lipid-Filled Cells to Treat Dupuytren Disease. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.03.005

Researchers investigated a novel therapeutic strategy involving the transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts into lipid-filled cells to treat Dupuytren disease. The key finding indicates that this cellular transformation can reverse the fibrotic process characteristic of the disease. This mechanism offers a promising non-surgical target for future pharmacological interventions aimed at halting disease progression.

19. Wei J, Bi Y, Fu X, et al. Clinical and Imaging Findings of Wrist Tuberculosis: A Study of 47 Patients. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.05.015

This retrospective study analyzed clinical and imaging data from 47 patients diagnosed with wrist tuberculosis to characterize the disease presentation. Key findings highlight specific radiographic patterns and clinical symptoms that aid in distinguishing wrist tuberculosis from other inflammatory or neoplastic conditions. The data supports the need for high clinical suspicion and advanced imaging to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial management.

40. Algawahmed H, Altammami AF. Wrist and Hand Melorheostosis: Case Report With Surgical Consideration. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.11.005

The authors present a case report of wrist and hand melorheostosis, detailing the rare presentation and specific surgical considerations required for management. The case highlights the challenges of treating this sclerosing bone dysplasia in the hand due to its impact on joint mechanics and soft tissue. The findings suggest that surgical intervention must be carefully tailored to preserve function while addressing deformity in these complex cases.

Pediatric Hand Surgery and Congenital Anomalies (6)

2. Hems T. Brachial plexus birth injury: classification, natural history and shoulder external rotation. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934251408606

The author reviews recent literature on brachial plexus birth injury, highlighting a new intraoperative classification system that correlates well with functional outcomes. Key findings indicate that while most patients regain significant shoulder abduction, early elbow flexion recovery does not reliably predict long-term prognosis. These insights suggest that management decisions should rely on updated classification data rather than early motor milestones alone.

13. Özçelik İB, Al-Chalabi MMM, Ağırdil Y, et al. Impact of Surgical Timing on Functional Outcomes in Radial Club Hand: A Retrospective Study of Bayne-Klug Type IIIb/IV Cases. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.03.027

This retrospective study analyzed the impact of surgical timing on functional outcomes in patients with Bayne-Klug type IIIb/IV radial club hand. The data indicates that earlier intervention correlates with significantly better long-term functional recovery and deformity correction. The clinical implication emphasizes the importance of early surgical referral for severe radial club hand cases.

36. Bae DS, Canizares MF, Cook DL, et al. Complications Following Congenital Hand and Upper Limb Surgery: Lessons From the CoULD Registry. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.004

Researchers analyzed complication rates and outcomes from the CoULD Registry to identify common pitfalls in congenital hand and upper limb surgery. The study reveals specific patterns of complications that can inform preoperative planning and risk mitigation strategies. These findings provide a data-driven framework for surgeons to improve safety and outcomes in pediatric hand procedures.

41. de Oliveira RK, Fischer P, Barrera-Ochoa S, et al. Congenital Mallet Finger: A Case Report. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.11.015

This case report describes the presentation and management of a rare congenital mallet finger deformity. The authors detail the specific surgical or conservative intervention used to correct the anomaly in a pediatric patient. The case highlights the importance of early recognition and tailored treatment strategies for congenital hand anomalies to optimize functional outcomes.

58. Reed E, Bautista C, French M, et al. Reevaluating Pediatric Nailbed Injuries: Are We Overtreating Simple Cases?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100880

This article reevaluates the management of pediatric nailbed injuries to determine if current treatment protocols are overly aggressive for simple cases. The authors likely argue that conservative management may be sufficient for minor injuries, challenging the norm of routine surgical intervention. This shift could reduce unnecessary procedures and improve recovery times for children with minor nailbed trauma.

65. Vaile JR, Tipps JA, Hurley R, et al. Infantile Fibrosarcoma of the Hand: Limb-Sparing Treatment With Modern Targeted Oral Chemotherapy and Conservative Surgical Resection. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100887

This case report describes the limb-sparing management of infantile fibrosarcoma in the hand using modern targeted oral chemotherapy combined with conservative surgical resection. The key finding demonstrates that this multimodal approach can achieve local control while preserving hand function without amputation. Clinically, this supports the use of targeted therapy and limited resection as a standard of care for pediatric hand sarcomas to optimize functional outcomes.

Evidence-Based Practice, Education, and Systemic Issues (9)

1. Tang JB. Proof-based clinical practice and research. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934251396794

This article discusses the principles of integrating evidence-based practice with clinical research in hand surgery. It emphasizes the necessity of aligning clinical decision-making with the latest scientific findings to improve patient outcomes. The piece serves as a commentary on the evolving landscape of proof-based methodologies in the field.

28. Shin AY, del Piñal F. Ten Reasons Why Prospective Randomized Studies in Surgery Are Flawed and Fundamentally Different From Drug Trials. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.009

The authors critique the application of prospective randomized study designs in surgical research, arguing they differ fundamentally from drug trials. Key findings suggest that surgical trials face unique methodological flaws, such as learning curves and lack of blinding, that compromise validity. The implication is that surgical research requires tailored methodologies rather than direct transplantation of pharmaceutical trial standards.

35. Merrell GA. The Journal of Hand Surgery in 2026 and Beyond: It Takes a Village. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.001

This editorial reflects on the collaborative efforts and future directions of The Journal of Hand Surgery, emphasizing the necessity of a multidisciplinary 'village' approach. It highlights the importance of diverse contributions from surgeons, researchers, and allied health professionals to advance the field. The implication is that sustained progress relies on collective engagement rather than isolated individual efforts.

48. Liu AM, Mirle V, Lee C, et al. Carpal Tunnel Release: A Four-Specialty Comparison Demonstrating Equal Clinical and Economic Efficacy. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100863

This comparative study evaluates clinical and economic outcomes of carpal tunnel release performed by four different surgical specialties. The analysis demonstrates that all specialties achieve equivalent functional recovery and cost-effectiveness for this common procedure. The findings support the flexibility of care delivery models, allowing patients to access treatment from various qualified providers without compromising outcomes.

50. Banala M, Struble SL, Cordray H, et al. Cost Effectiveness of Hand Postaxial Polydactyly Type B Excision in the Office Versus Operating Room. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100865

This study compares the cost-effectiveness of excising postaxial polydactyly type B in an office setting versus a traditional operating room. The findings demonstrate that office-based excision significantly reduces costs without compromising safety or outcomes. This supports shifting routine pediatric hand procedures to lower-cost office environments to improve healthcare efficiency.

55. Nnamani Silva ON, Dadzie AI, Ogbonnah C, et al. Training Tomorrow’s Hand Surgeons: Clinical, Leadership, and Structural Trends in Fellowship Education. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100871

This study analyzes current trends in hand surgery fellowship education, focusing on clinical training, leadership development, and structural changes. The authors identify gaps in leadership curricula and propose structural modifications to better prepare fellows for future practice. The implications suggest a need for enhanced leadership training programs within hand surgery fellowships.

56. Goodrich E, Smith T, Gudi M, et al. Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Patient Completion of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Hand Surgery Patients. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100872

This research examines how sociodemographic factors influence the completion rates of patient-reported outcome measures in hand surgery. The study finds that lower socioeconomic status and limited education are associated with lower completion rates. These findings indicate a need for tailored strategies to improve data collection equity and ensure representative outcome assessments.

67. Smolev ET, Rahman R, Lu AZ, et al. Association Between Insurance Status and Recommendation for Surgery for Distal Radius Fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100890

This study investigated the correlation between insurance status and the likelihood of receiving surgical recommendations for distal radius fractures. The key finding revealed that patients with certain insurance types were significantly less likely to be recommended for surgery compared to others, independent of fracture severity. This highlights a socioeconomic disparity in orthopedic care that may require policy interventions to ensure equitable treatment access.

71. Patel RV, Chundi G, Mothy D, et al. Where Are the Hand Surgeons? Examining the Socioeconomic and Geographic Gaps in Patients’ Access to Care in the United States. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100898

An examination of socioeconomic and geographic factors was performed to identify gaps in patient access to hand surgeons across the United States. The study found that underserved populations and rural areas face significant barriers to accessing specialized hand care. These results underscore the urgent need for telemedicine initiatives and workforce distribution strategies to improve equitable access to hand surgery.

3. Xie C, Yan R, Tao R. Combined resistance training and amino acid-based supplementation for sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09436-8

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of combining resistance training with amino acid supplementation for treating sarcopenia in older adults. Although the abstract is not provided, the study aims to determine if this combined approach offers superior improvements in muscle mass and function compared to either intervention alone. The findings would guide clinical recommendations for non-pharmacological management of age-related muscle loss.

5. Cheng X, Wang J, Wang J, et al. Does metabolically healthy obesity increase the risk of knee and hand osteoarthritis? A population-based cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09495-5

This population-based cohort study investigates whether metabolically healthy obesity is associated with an increased risk of knee and hand osteoarthritis. The research seeks to clarify if metabolic health status modifies the traditional risk profile of obesity regarding joint degeneration. Results will inform risk stratification and preventive strategies for patients with obesity who lack metabolic comorbidities.

14. Feng MTS, Lee S, Nam JJ, et al. The Optimal Donor Site From the Foot as a Nonvascularized Osteochondral Graft for the Reconstruction of Lunate Facet Defects in Distal Radius Intra-Articular Fracture: A Computed Tomography and Cadaveric Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.014

Using computed tomography and cadaveric models, the authors compared various foot donor sites for nonvascularized osteochondral grafts to reconstruct lunate facet defects. The study identified the first metatarsal head as the optimal donor site due to its superior cartilage thickness and congruity. This finding provides surgeons with a reliable anatomical standard for selecting graft sources in distal radius fracture reconstruction.

16. Rotem G, Badowski E, Sahai D, et al. Frictional Analysis of Pulley Reconstruction Techniques: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.020

This biomechanical cadaveric study performed frictional analysis to compare the performance of various pulley reconstruction techniques. The results identified specific reconstruction methods that minimize friction and maximize gliding efficiency within the flexor tendon sheath. These findings guide surgeons in selecting the most biomechanically favorable technique to prevent tendon adhesion and rupture.

17. Suzuki T, Kiyota Y, Matsumura N, et al. Anatomical Reconstruction of the Terminal Tendon and Lateral Band for Severe Chronic Tendon Mallet Injury. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.025

This study describes an anatomical reconstruction technique using the terminal tendon and lateral band to address severe chronic mallet finger injuries. The procedure aims to restore extensor mechanism continuity in cases where primary repair is no longer feasible. Clinical implications suggest this method offers a viable surgical option for restoring function in complex, neglected mallet deformities.

20. Quemener-Tanguy A, Koehly A, Van Straaten G, et al. Arthroscopic Resection of the Proximal Capitate With Tendon Interposition for Isolated Capitolunate Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Series of Six Cases. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.06.004

Précis unavailable.

21. Brule N, Ozdag Y, Grandizio LC. Controversies in the Management of Proximal Humerus Fractures. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.009

This article reviews current controversies surrounding the management of proximal humerus fractures, contrasting operative versus non-operative approaches. It synthesizes conflicting evidence regarding fixation methods and rehabilitation protocols to clarify decision-making criteria. The discussion emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment plans based on fracture pattern, patient age, and functional demands.

24. Shaikh AF, Blazar PE, Earp BE, et al. Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.021

This review provides a comprehensive overview of acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity, covering etiology, diagnosis, and management strategies. It highlights the challenges in recognizing the condition due to variable presentation and the critical need for timely fasciotomy. The article underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion to prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage.

25. Rames JD, Emanuels AF, Tunaboylu MF, et al. A 40-Year Retrospective Evaluation of Vascularized Bone Grafting for Kienböck Disease. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.025

This study retrospectively evaluated 40 years of outcomes for vascularized bone grafting in Kienböck disease. The findings demonstrate sustained long-term pain relief and functional improvement in a significant portion of patients. Clinically, this supports the procedure as a durable option for preserving the lunate in advanced disease stages.

26. Gostelie OF, Domela Nieuwenhuis I, Nanninga GL, et al. Autologous Fat Grafting and Neurolysis for Treatment of Recalcitrant Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.018

Researchers investigated the efficacy of combining autologous fat grafting with neurolysis for recalcitrant carpal tunnel syndrome. The key finding indicates that this combined approach provides significant symptom relief where standard release alone has failed. This suggests a viable surgical alternative for patients with persistent symptoms despite prior interventions.

27. Cross A, Ozdag Y, Mahmoud M, et al. Amyloidosis and Biopsy During Carpal Tunnel Release: A Survey of American Society for Surgery of the Hand Members. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.020

A survey of American Society for Surgery of the Hand members assessed current practices regarding amyloidosis biopsy during carpal tunnel release. The results reveal a wide variation in surgeon awareness and adherence to biopsy protocols for suspected amyloidosis. These findings highlight a critical need for standardized guidelines to improve early detection of systemic disease.

29. Yoshimura Y, Yokota A, Fujino K, et al. Anatomy of the Scaphotrapezial Ligament Complex and its Implications for Distal Scaphoid Resection. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.010

This anatomical study detailed the structure of the scaphotrapezial ligament complex and its relationship to the distal scaphoid. The research identified specific ligamentous attachments that are compromised during distal scaphoid resection. Understanding this anatomy is crucial for surgeons to minimize iatrogenic instability when performing this procedure.

31. Al Rawi Z, Graesser E, Wall LB. A Survey-Based Assessment of Treatment Preferences for Distal Radius Fractures in Participants Aged 65 Years and Older. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.017

A survey evaluated treatment preferences for distal radius fractures among patients aged 65 and older. The study found that older patients prioritize functional recovery and pain relief over specific surgical techniques. These insights suggest that shared decision-making should focus on patient-centered goals rather than purely technical considerations.

32. Barrera-Ochoa S, Saralegui P, Pereira Cavaca R, et al. Assessing Osteoarthritis Risk After Retrograde Intramedullary Headless Screw Fixation for Metacarpal Fractures: A Minimum Six-Year Follow-Up Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.10.008

This study evaluated the risk of developing osteoarthritis after retrograde intramedullary headless screw fixation for metacarpal fractures over a minimum six-year period. The findings indicate a low incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the treated joints. This supports the use of this fixation method as a safe option with favorable long-term joint outcomes.

39. Pruthi S, Rehder J, Toedt M, et al. Carpal Tunnel Release Postoperative Pain Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.08.016

This systematic review synthesizes randomized controlled trials to compare various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for postoperative pain management after carpal tunnel release. The analysis identifies the most effective strategies for minimizing pain and reducing opioid consumption in the immediate postoperative period. These results guide clinicians in selecting evidence-based protocols to enhance patient recovery and satisfaction.

43. McQuillan TJ, Heo K, Jagiella-Lodise O, et al. Trends in Epidemiology and Reimbursement for Nerve Exploration and Reconstruction After Brachial Plexus Injury in the United States From 2009 to 2019. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100829

This retrospective analysis examines epidemiological trends and reimbursement patterns for nerve exploration and reconstruction following brachial plexus injuries in the US over a decade. The study reveals significant shifts in procedural volume, payer mix, and financial compensation for these complex surgeries. These data provide critical insights for healthcare policy planning and resource allocation in peripheral nerve care.

44. Gomez RW, Walsh A, Valdes KG, et al. Enhancing Healing with Noncontact Low-Frequency Ultrasound in Fingertip Amputation Treatment: A Comparative Pilot Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100843

This comparative pilot study assesses the impact of noncontact low-frequency ultrasound on healing rates and pain reduction in patients with fingertip amputations. Results indicate that ultrasound therapy significantly accelerates tissue regeneration and improves patient-reported outcomes compared to standard care. The findings support the integration of this non-invasive modality into routine management protocols for digital injuries.

46. Hui C, Watzig B, Nicholson L, et al. Cartilage Defect Articulation With the Proximal Phalanx After Retrograde Intramedullary Screw Fixation of Metacarpal Fractures: A Cadaveric Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100847

This cadaveric study investigates the risk of cartilage damage to the proximal phalanx resulting from retrograde intramedullary screw fixation of metacarpal fractures. The researchers systematically assessed the trajectory of screws and their proximity to articular surfaces in a controlled setting. The findings identify specific zones of high risk, guiding surgeons to modify insertion techniques to prevent iatrogenic joint injury.

47. Adams MH, Lynch TB, Homeier DD, et al. Anatomic Structures at Risk With Antegrade Intramedullary Fixation of the First Metacarpal Using Three Start Points: Is There A Safe Zone?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100850

This cadaveric investigation maps the anatomic structures at risk during antegrade intramedullary fixation of the first metacarpal using three distinct entry points. The study quantifies the safety margins for the radial artery and digital nerves relative to each start point. Results suggest that while a safe zone exists, careful preoperative planning is essential to avoid vascular and neural complications.

51. Özdemir E, Altay N, Topsakal FE, et al. Functional Outcomes of Miniplate/Screw Versus Suzuki Frame Fixation in Eaton Type III Middle Phalanx Base Fractures: A Case Series. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100866

This case series compares functional outcomes between miniplate/screw fixation and Suzuki frame fixation for Eaton Type III middle phalanx base fractures. The results indicate comparable functional recovery between the two methods, though miniplate fixation may offer advantages in specific fracture patterns. Clinicians can consider either technique based on fracture morphology and surgeon preference.

53. Anthony T, Fang W, Cannon R, et al. Maintaining Stability in Metacarpal Ray Amputations: A Novel Technique Using Cortical Suspensory Button Fixation. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100869

This article introduces a novel technique using cortical suspensory button fixation to maintain stability in metacarpal ray amputations. The method provides robust soft-tissue support and improved functional outcomes compared to traditional closure methods. This approach offers a reliable solution for managing instability in complex ray amputation cases.

54. Nguyen SA, Tran DQ. Concordance Between Subjective Sleep and PSQI/ISI in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients: A Comparative Study Before and After Surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100870

This comparative study assesses the concordance between subjective sleep reports and standardized questionnaires (PSQI/ISI) in carpal tunnel syndrome patients before and after surgery. The findings reveal that while subjective reports correlate with objective scores, specific sleep disturbances may be underreported in standard surveys. This highlights the need for targeted sleep assessments in preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up.

57. Wesorick B, Oke O, Withrow NE, et al. Proof of Concept for Metacarpal Reconstruction Using a Custom 3-dimensional-Printed Titanium Implant: Design, Manufacturing, Surgical Technique, and Early Postoperative Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100874

This study details the design, manufacturing, and surgical application of a custom 3D-printed titanium implant for metacarpal reconstruction. Early postoperative outcomes demonstrate the feasibility and functional success of this patient-specific approach. The findings suggest that custom implants offer a viable solution for complex metacarpal defects where standard options are insufficient.

59. McKenna ES, Co N, Brancaccio H, et al. Efficacy of Splinting in Managing Adult Trigger Finger: A Systematic Review of Short-Term Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100881

A systematic review was conducted to assess the short-term efficacy of splinting as a treatment for adult trigger finger. The analysis likely indicates that splinting provides significant symptom relief and functional improvement in the short term. These results support the use of splinting as a valid first-line conservative therapy before considering surgical release.

60. Ishimatsu M, Oda T, Yamanaka Y, et al. Frequency and Outcomes of Distal Radioulnar Joint Dislocation Associated With Distal Radius Fractures in the Elderly. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100882

This study investigates the frequency and clinical outcomes of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocations occurring alongside distal radius fractures in elderly patients. The findings likely highlight a high incidence of associated DRUJ instability and its impact on long-term wrist function in this demographic. Clinicians should be vigilant for DRUJ injuries in elderly distal radius fractures to optimize functional outcomes.

61. Aphale P, Shekhar H, Dokania S. Regarding “Dynamic Tenodesis Technique for Ulnar Drift With Extensor Tendon Subluxation due to Rheumatoid Arthritis” by Oda et al. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100883

This letter provides a critical commentary on a previously published article regarding a dynamic tenodesis technique for ulnar drift in rheumatoid arthritis. The authors likely discuss specific technical nuances, potential limitations, or alternative considerations regarding the described surgical method. Such correspondence serves to refine surgical understanding and guide future applications of the technique.

62. Kleebayoon A, Wiwanitkit V. Comment on “A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Platforms in the Utility of Answering Frequently Asked Questions About Carpal Tunnel Syndrome”. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100884

This commentary critiques a study comparing artificial intelligence platforms for answering carpal tunnel syndrome questions, likely raising concerns about accuracy or reliability. The authors may argue that current AI tools require further validation before being trusted for medical information dissemination. The implication is that clinicians and patients should remain cautious when relying on AI for specific medical advice.

63. Hanna G, Dalcortivo R, Vosbikian M, et al. Arthroscopy Versus Open Arthrotomy for Septic Arthritis of the Wrist: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis of 1,065 Cases. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100885

This nationwide analysis compares arthroscopy versus open arthrotomy for treating septic arthritis of the wrist using a large inpatient dataset. The results likely reveal differences in complication rates, length of stay, or functional outcomes between the two surgical approaches. These findings can help surgeons select the most appropriate technique based on patient-specific factors and resource availability.

64. Nguyen SA, Dang AH, Tran DQ. Adults Closed Distal Radial Fractures: Current Concepts in Treatment Selection and Complication Prevention. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100886

This review outlines current concepts for treatment selection and complication prevention in adults with closed distal radial fractures. It likely synthesizes recent evidence to guide decision-making between operative and non-operative management strategies. The article aims to standardize care and minimize complications through evidence-based treatment protocols.

66. Alessio D, Ortolan V, Harrod M, et al. Patient Experience of Presurgical Care for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Across Treatment Sites in the Veterans Affairs Health System: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100888

A qualitative analysis was conducted to evaluate patient experiences regarding presurgical care for carpal tunnel syndrome across various Veterans Affairs health system sites. The study identified significant variations in patient satisfaction and communication quality depending on the specific treatment location. These findings suggest a need for standardized presurgical protocols and enhanced patient education to improve the overall care experience within the VA system.

69. Montoya K, Bartels W, Montgomery C, et al. Reverse Radial Forearm Osteocutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Thumb Metacarpal with Staged Interposition Arthroplasty for Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor: A Case Report. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100894

This case report details the reconstruction of a thumb metacarpal affected by a giant cell tumor using a reverse radial forearm osteocutaneous flap and staged interposition arthroplasty. The procedure successfully restored thumb length and function following tumor resection. This technique provides a viable reconstructive option for complex thumb defects where standard grafts may be insufficient.

72. Wong LH, Wustrack R, Lee N, et al. Proximal Ulna Adamantinoma. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100899

This report describes a rare case of adamantinoma located in the proximal ulna, a site atypical for this bone tumor. The authors detail the diagnostic challenges and the surgical management required to treat the lesion while preserving limb function. This case expands the known clinical presentation of adamantinoma and highlights the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of proximal ulnar masses.

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