Skip to content

What's New — Hand — May 2026

100 new articles published this month.

Themes: Thumb Arthritis and Arthroplasty · Flexor Tendon Repair and Reconstruction · Nerve Injuries and Regeneration · Carpal Tunnel and Wrist Pathology · Pediatric Hand Surgery and Congenital Anomalies · Fractures, Trauma, and Fixation

Digest generated 2026-06-05 20:37:30+00:00.

Highlights

Thumb Arthritis and Arthroplasty

This theme addresses the management of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) and trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint osteoarthritis, a prevalent condition requiring diverse surgical strategies. Articles evaluate diagnostic imaging utility [12], classification reliability [70], and comparative outcomes of various interventions including trapeziectomy, arthrodesis, and denervation [85, 91, 98]. Specific focus is placed on revision strategies based on bone stock [71], dual-prosthesis approaches for pantrapezial arthritis [74], and novel distraction arthroplasty techniques [1]. The literature highlights the importance of selecting appropriate procedures based on patient factors and residual anatomy to optimize functional outcomes and minimize reoperation rates.

Flexor Tendon Repair and Reconstruction

Articles in this cluster focus on the surgical management of flexor tendon injuries, including primary repair, tenolysis, and complex reconstruction. Key topics include biomechanical optimization of suture techniques [75], outcomes of tenolysis following zone 2-3 repairs [15, 57], and comparisons of single-stage reconstruction methods [62]. The theme also encompasses congenital anomalies affecting tendon mechanics, such as thumb polydactyly [8], and spontaneous ruptures [52]. Additionally, it covers postoperative considerations like opioid prescribing patterns [32] and culturally tailored rehabilitation protocols [37], reflecting a holistic approach to restoring tendon gliding and hand function.

Nerve Injuries and Regeneration

This theme encompasses the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of peripheral nerve injuries in the hand. It includes studies on diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for nerve trauma [27], novel sutureless nerve repair techniques [22], and the use of electrical stimulation to enhance regeneration [42, 59]. Clinical outcomes of regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNI) for neuromas are evaluated, with attention to mental health associations [43]. The cluster also addresses specific reconstructive procedures, such as nerve transfers for ulnar nerve injuries to restore pinch strength [84], and the impact of depression on postoperative recovery [46], highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of nerve injury management.

Carpal Tunnel and Wrist Pathology

Focused on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and wrist instability, this theme examines diagnostic predictors for surgical intervention [49], trends in ultrasound-guided injections [19], and comparative outcomes of release techniques [34]. It also explores postoperative recovery metrics [33] and physiological changes such as median nerve cross-sectional area alterations [83]. Additionally, it covers triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries, including arthroscopic repair fixation methods [69] and postoperative immobilization protocols [94]. The cluster reflects ongoing efforts to standardize care and improve functional outcomes for common wrist and median nerve pathologies.

Pediatric Hand Surgery and Congenital Anomalies

This theme addresses surgical and non-surgical management of congenital hand differences and pediatric-specific conditions. It includes studies on parental decision-making [6], genetic syndromes [73], and reconstruction of first web space syndactyly [47]. Specific procedures such as Bunnell and Huber abductorplasty for thumb hypoplasia [60], temporary epiphysiodesis for growth discrepancies [48], and treatment of pediatric trigger finger [80] are discussed. The theme also emphasizes the 'good enough' philosophy in pediatric reconstruction to avoid over-treatment [78], alongside case reports of rare conditions like scaphoid coalition [25] and flexion contractures [41].

Fractures, Trauma, and Fixation

Articles in this cluster focus on the biomechanical and clinical management of hand and wrist fractures. Topics include fixation methods for proximal phalanx base fractures [20], metacarpal shaft fractures using hybrid techniques [79], and distal phalanx tuft fractures [65]. The theme also covers scaphoid fractures, including the impact of NSAIDs on nonunion [23] and the role of AI in patient education [38]. Additionally, it addresses mallet finger fractures, examining collateral ligament stability [87] and surgical techniques for delayed presentations [92]. The cluster highlights the importance of stable fixation and evidence-based protocols to optimize healing and function.

Articles by Theme

Thumb Arthritis and Arthroplasty (8)

1. Onaka K, Wu C, Tu Y. Abductor pollicis longus tendon distraction arthroplasty for chronic traumatic trapeziometacarpal dislocation. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261448017

The authors describe a modified distraction arthroplasty technique utilizing the abductor pollicis longus tendon for chronic traumatic trapeziometacarpal dislocation. Key findings indicate that preserving the trapezium while using a locally available tendon effectively maintains joint reduction and stability. This approach offers a viable surgical option for managing this specific chronic injury.

12. Gao B, Cogsil T, Dearden M, et al. The Diagnostic Utility of Lateral Thumb Radiographs in Detecting Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100907

This retrospective study evaluated whether lateral thumb radiographs detect more advanced degenerative changes in thumb carpometacarpal arthritis than standard anteroposterior and oblique views. The results showed no significant difference in the detection of joint space narrowing or osteophytes between lateral and standard views. Therefore, lateral radiographs do not offer superior diagnostic utility for assessing thumb CMC arthritis severity.

70. Holzbauer M, Behawy M, Diepold J, et al. Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Three Published Versions of Eaton Classification for Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.026

This study assessed the intra- and interrater reliability of three published versions of the Eaton classification for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis using lateral thumb radiographs. Reliability varied significantly across versions and rater experience, with the mixed-effects model highlighting the impact of training level on consistency. These results indicate that standardizing the classification version and rater training may improve diagnostic agreement.

71. Toffoli A, Degeorge B, Cloquell Y, et al. Revision Strategies for Complications and Failure of Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthroplasty Based on Residual Trapezial Bone Stock. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.014

This retrospective study analyzed revision strategies for failed trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty based on residual trapezial bone stock. The authors proposed a classification system guiding surgical choices, ranging from cup replacement for intact bone to trapeziectomy for severe destruction. This bone-stock-based approach offers a structured framework for managing complex revisions and optimizing patient outcomes.

74. Barrera-Ochoa S, Mirón-Domínguez B, Méndez-Álvarez M, et al. Simultaneous Dual Prosthetic Replacement of Trapeziometacarpal and Scaphotrapezial-Trapezoid Joints in Pantrapezial Osteoarthritis: Midterm Results of a Combined Implant Strategy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.013

This retrospective study evaluated simultaneous dual prosthetic replacement of the TMC and STT joints in 41 patients with pantrapezial osteoarthritis. Results showed excellent functional recovery and high patient satisfaction at a mean follow-up of 48 months. This approach offers a viable alternative to trapeziectomy for preserving carpal stability and thumb function.

85. Wier J, Rusu D, Lindgren A, et al. Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Denervation Has Lower Reoperation Rates Than Trapeziectomy for Thumb Base Arthritis: A Retrospective Database Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.014

Précis unavailable.

91. Burnett N, Cheok T, Wills K, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Options for Base-of-Thumb Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.011

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the efficacy and complication profiles of arthrodesis, trapeziectomy with and without suspensionplasty, and joint replacement for base-of-thumb arthritis. The study utilized SUCRA values to rank interventions based on reoperation risk, pain scores, and functional outcomes. These results offer evidence-based guidance for selecting the most appropriate surgical option for thumb arthritis management.

98. Matsuo T, Nishiwaki M, Okazaki M, et al. Arthrodesis Versus Trapeziectomy for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis with Metacarpophalangeal Joint Hyperextension. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.016

This study evaluated the effects of thumb carpometacarpal joint arthrodesis versus trapeziectomy on metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextension and functional outcomes in patients with thumb arthritis. The research stratified results by preoperative MCP joint status to determine if one procedure better corrects hyperextension or yields superior functional recovery. The findings aim to guide surgical decision-making by clarifying how each procedure impacts MCP joint alignment and overall hand function.

Flexor Tendon Repair and Reconstruction (8)

8. Saito S, Makino A, Morimoto N. Systematic characterization of flexor tendon and tendon sheath malposition in proximal phalangeal thumb polydactyly. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261445800

This study systematically characterized flexor tendon and sheath malpositions in proximal phalangeal thumb polydactyly to understand postoperative zigzag deformities. Results revealed consistent anatomical patterns within specific duplication ranges, including aberrant pulleys and tendon insertion displacements. These findings provide a clearer anatomical framework for surgical planning to prevent deformity in thumb duplication repairs.

15. Shigley C, Squires A, Boe C, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Flexor Tenolysis Following Zone 2-3 Flexor Tendon Repair: A Retrospective Review. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100941

This retrospective review evaluated the clinical outcomes of flexor tenolysis following zone 2-3 flexor tendon repairs in 31 patients. The procedure resulted in considerable improvements in total active motion and composite flexion, with half of the digits achieving excellent or good outcomes. While effective for restoring motion, tenolysis carries a risk of reoperation and occasional tendon rupture.

32. Ajjawi I, Kammien AJ, Grauer JN. Opioid Prescription Patterns Following Zone II Flexor Tendon Repairs: A National Database Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100971

This national database study analyzed opioid prescription patterns following zone II flexor tendon repairs to identify trends and correlating factors. While the percentage of patients receiving opioids remained stable, the total morphine milligram equivalents prescribed declined over the study period. Identifying factors associated with higher opioid use can help guide efforts to reduce postoperative opioid consumption.

37. Awaad S, Sherifi O, Al Katheri S, et al. Culturally Tailored Rehabilitation Approach “After zone III Flexor Tendon Tenolysis in the Index and Middle Fingers: A Case Report. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100977

This case report describes the successful treatment of a neglected zone III flexor tendon injury using tenolysis followed by a culturally tailored rehabilitation program incorporating prayer-related gestures. The approach demonstrates that integrating culturally specific activities into rehabilitation can enhance patient engagement and functional recovery in complex hand surgery cases.

52. Blitz B, Racki S, Winters A, et al. Spontaneous Midsubstance Flexor Tendon Ruptures of the Hand. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101004

This report describes two cases of spontaneous midsubstance flexor digitorum profundus ruptures in healthy patients presenting with subtle flexion deficits. Timely primary repair resulted in excellent functional recovery, highlighting the need to consider this rare injury in patients with finger flexion loss without trauma or pain.

57. Mokkapati A, Thakkar R, Rani A. Comment on “Clinical Outcomes of Flexor Tenolysis Following Zone 2–3 Flexor Tendon Repair: A Retrospective Review”. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101000

This letter critiques a study on flexor tenolysis outcomes, arguing that while angular motion improvements are statistically significant, they do not necessarily translate to functional gains in grip or dexterity. The authors suggest incorporating validated functional metrics to better interpret clinical success. This highlights the need for comprehensive outcome measures beyond simple range-of-motion data.

62. Karagergou E, Baxevanou M, Moysiadou A, et al. Single-Stage Flexor Tendon Reconstruction Using Tendon Grafting Versus Turnover Tendon Split-Lengthening Technique. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100996

Précis unavailable.

75. Liu Y, Chen Z, Yu B, et al. The Effect of Core Suture Knot Location on the Mechanical Properties of Flexor Tendon Repaired With Modified Kessler Technique. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.019

This biomechanical study investigated the optimal location for core suture knots in modified Kessler flexor tendon repairs using canine tendons. Placing the knot on the volar side resulted in higher gliding resistance and work expenditure compared to embedding it between tendon ends. These findings suggest that knot location significantly impacts tendon gliding mechanics and healing potential.

Nerve Injuries and Regeneration (8)

16. Dy CJ. Introduction to the Conference Proceedings from the 2025 Nerve SPACE Conference. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100946

This editorial introduces the proceedings of the 2025 Nerve SPACE Conference, addressing the challenges in managing peripheral nerve injuries and the need for improved prognostic accuracy. It highlights the necessity for coordinated interdisciplinary discussion between hand surgeons and neurosurgeons to bridge knowledge gaps and advance clinical care. The conference aims to foster collaboration to establish focused research efforts in nerve injury management.

22. Bindra R, Wagels M, Brett M, et al. A Sutureless Approach to Nerve Repair: Results From a Clinical Study in Digital Nerves. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100956

This clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a sutureless, bioresorbable polymer-assisted device for digital nerve repair in 12 patients. At 12 months, all patients achieved good to excellent sensory recovery with no reported pain or device-related complications. This novel approach offers a promising alternative to traditional suture neurorrhaphy by minimizing fascicular trauma and simplifying the repair process.

27. Perlmutter JW, Elsherbini A, Wise J, et al. Ultrasound for Diagnosing Hand and Digital Nerve Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100963

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for traumatic hand and digital nerve injuries compared to electrodiagnostic standards. Ultrasound demonstrated a high pooled sensitivity of 93%, indicating strong diagnostic utility. These findings support the integration of ultrasound as a reliable tool for early diagnosis and surgical planning in nerve trauma.

42. Piana LE, Ge J, Rebello E, et al. The Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Median Nerve Recovery After Repair in Rats. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100984

This study evaluated whether brief electrical stimulation (1, 5, or 10 minutes) accelerates median nerve recovery in a rat model of transection and repair. Results showed no significant difference in grip strength or histological axon area between stimulated groups and the control group receiving no stimulation. These findings suggest that short-duration electrical stimulation does not enhance functional or structural nerve recovery in this specific model.

43. Manzoor A, Khan M, Macaraeg C, et al. Outcomes Following Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface Surgery and Associations With Preoperative Mental Health: A Retrospective Analysis of Upper-Extremity Neuromas. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100985

This retrospective analysis assessed patient-reported outcomes following regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) surgery for upper-extremity neuromas, specifically examining the influence of preoperative mental health. The study found that RPNI improved pain and function regardless of baseline mental health status or amputation status, supporting the hypothesis that mental health challenges do not preclude successful surgical outcomes. This suggests RPNI is a robust treatment option even for patients with significant preoperative psychological distress.

46. Mohamed OM, Duggan JL, Hines KE, et al. The Impact of Depression and Antidepressant Treatment on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100989

This study investigated the impact of preoperative depression and antidepressant use on patient-reported outcomes following thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty for basilar thumb arthritis. Patients with a history of major depressive disorder or active antidepressant treatment reported poorer upper-extremity outcomes at one year compared to those without depression. The results indicate that depression is a significant negative predictor of recovery, necessitating careful preoperative counseling and management.

59. Porche K, Saffari TS, Power H, et al. Advancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (Nerve SPACE 2025). Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100937

This review outlines current strategies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, focusing on delaying Wallerian degeneration and accelerating axonal growth. It highlights emerging therapies like electrical stimulation and pharmacologic agents that show promise in preclinical and early clinical settings. The authors identify optimizing the local microenvironment as a key direction for future research.

84. Rieker M, Arendale R, Mastracci J, et al. Restoration of Pinch Strength After Traumatic Ulnar Nerve Injury: Outcomes of Transfer of the Opponens Pollicis Branch to the Terminal Division of the Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.013

This retrospective database study compared reoperation rates between thumb CMC joint denervation and trapeziectomy for osteoarthritis using propensity score matching. Denervation was associated with significantly lower all-cause reoperation rates at two years compared to trapeziectomy. This suggests denervation may be a more durable initial surgical option for managing thumb base arthritis.

Carpal Tunnel and Wrist Pathology (7)

19. Zehner KM, Salib A, Sanchez JG, et al. Rising Use of Ultrasound-Guided Carpal Tunnel Injections: National Trends, Drivers of Utilization, and Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100950

This analysis of national trends from 2010 to 2022 examined the increasing utilization of ultrasound guidance for carpal tunnel injections and its association with patient outcomes. Ultrasound-guided injection use rose significantly, driven by regional and demographic factors, but was associated with lower rates of subsequent carpal tunnel release compared to blind injections. These findings highlight the growing adoption of ultrasound guidance and its potential to improve long-term treatment efficacy.

33. Earp BE, Zhang D, Benavent KA, et al. Patient-Perceived Time to Recovery After Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100973

This prospective study assessed patient-reported time to full recovery following carpal tunnel release, finding a mean duration of 5.5 months with 11.8% of patients not fully recovered by one year. These findings highlight that subjective recovery timelines are significantly longer than often assumed, suggesting clinicians should manage patient expectations regarding the prolonged nature of postoperative recovery.

34. Marwin VM, Nelson JT, Watt JF, et al. Prospective Multicenter Propensity Score-matched Comparison of Ultrasound-guided Versus Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100974

This prospective multicenter study compared ultrasound-guided versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release, finding that while endoscopic release was faster, ultrasound-guided release offered advantages in anesthesia type, incision size, and suture requirements with comparable 3-month clinical outcomes. The results suggest that ultrasound-guided release is a viable alternative that may reduce procedural invasiveness without compromising short-term efficacy.

49. Iglesias B, Hua K, Weinberg J, et al. Associations Between Preoperative Diagnostic Tests and Surgical Recommendation for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100994

This retrospective study analyzed preoperative diagnostic data to determine which findings most strongly predict surgical recommendations for carpal tunnel syndrome. The results identified specific nerve conduction and ultrasound parameters as significant predictors, offering clinicians evidence-based criteria to guide decision-making for carpal tunnel release.

69. Morisaki S, Yoshii K, Tsuchida S, et al. Comparison of Manual Tie and Knotless Suture Anchor Techniques in Arthroscopic Transosseous Foveal Repair of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.021

This retrospective study compared clinical outcomes of manual tie versus knotless suture anchor techniques in arthroscopic TFCC foveal repair. Both fixation methods resulted in significant improvements in grip strength, wrist motion, pain, and functional scores, with no major differences in efficacy reported. The study suggests that either technique is viable for restoring DRU joint stability, allowing surgeons to choose based on preference or specific case factors.

83. Yamada Y, Natsume T, Yamamoto M. Postoperative Reduction and Persistent Enlargement of Median Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Influence of Metabolic Syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.019

This study assessed the association between postoperative changes in median nerve cross-sectional area and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release. It found that persistent or increased nerve CSA was linked to metabolic syndrome and correlated with poorer clinical outcomes. These findings imply that metabolic factors may hinder nerve recovery, warranting closer monitoring of such patients post-surgery.

94. Lee J, Lee T, Lee S, et al. Postoperative Immobilization After Foveal Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.029

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of different postoperative immobilization methods and durations on outcomes after TFCC foveal repair. The analysis of comparative studies aimed to standardize protocols by assessing pain, function, and complications associated with elbow-restricted versus forearm-restricted immobilization. These findings contribute to establishing more consistent postoperative care guidelines for TFCC repairs.

Pediatric Hand Surgery and Congenital Anomalies (9)

6. Clelland AD, Ma Y, Duncan Ó, et al. Parental decision-making in congenital hand and upper-limb differences: a national survey. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261452072

This national survey investigated the factors influencing parental decision-making regarding surgery for children with congenital hand and upper-limb differences. Key findings identified trust in the surgeon, the value of second opinions, and the importance of peer support networks as primary influences. These insights highlight the psychosocial dimensions of care and the need for comprehensive support systems for families.

25. Gupta R, Bhagwat AM, Gupta R, et al. Congenital Symptomatic Scaphoid-Trapezium Coalition in a Pediatric Patient With VACTERL Association. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100961

This case report describes a 9-year-old girl with VACTERL association who presented with symptomatic congenital scaphotrapezial coalition and thumb hypoplasia. Surgical intervention successfully resolved her persistent radial wrist pain after conservative management failed. The findings highlight the importance of considering rare carpal coalitions in pediatric patients with complex congenital syndromes.

41. Korah HE, Perry L, Galvez MG. Double Opposing Stiletto Flaps for Pediatric Finger Flexion Contractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100982

The authors introduced the double opposing stiletto (DOS) flap technique to release and cover volar defects in pediatric finger flexion contractures caused by burns or camptodactyly. This retrospective review of eight patients demonstrated that the technique allows for primary closure of donor sites while effectively addressing transverse contracted tissue. The method offers a viable surgical option for managing complex pterygium-like contractures in children.

47. Vouza R, Antonaraki MM, Nikolinakos P. Challenges Associated With First Web Space Congenital Syndactyly Reconstruction of the Hand. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100990

This letter raises concerns regarding the interpretation of a recent study on congenital first web space syndactyly reconstruction, citing limitations such as retrospective design and potential reporting bias. The authors note that while the sample size is substantial for a rare condition, the study failed to demonstrate significant associations between surgical approaches and outcomes. They urge caution in applying these findings to clinical practice due to these methodological constraints.

48. Fishman FG, Walsh D, Van Heest AE. Distal Ulna Temporary Epiphysiodesis With a Surgeon-Made Staple. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100991

The authors describe a technique for temporary distal ulnar epiphysiodesis using a surgeon-made staple to address premature growth arrest of the distal radius in children. This method aims to correct ulnar positive variance and associated symptoms without the risks of permanent growth arrest or complex osteotomies. The technique offers a tailored, size-appropriate solution for guided growth in the upper extremity where commercial hardware is often unsuitable.

60. Friedman AJ, Shankar V, Hsu J, et al. Trends in Bunnell and Huber Abductorplasty are Driven by Differences in Patient Age, Geographical Region, and Surgical Training. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101021

Précis unavailable.

73. Elsherbini A, Perlmutter J, Mosa A. Genetic Syndromes Associated With Congenital Upper Limb Differences. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.008

This review categorizes congenital upper limb differences by embryological axis disruptions and associated genetic mutations, such as TBX5 and FGFR2. It highlights how distinctive radiographic features and clinical presentations guide syndrome-specific diagnosis. These insights aid clinicians in identifying systemic conditions underlying isolated limb anomalies.

78. Davit AJ, Krakauer KN, Berger AJ, et al. Good Enough: When to Avoid Perfection and Accept Adequate Surgery Results in Pediatric Hand Surgery. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.010

This conceptual review advocates for a "Good Enough" philosophy in pediatric hand surgery to avoid the harms of overly aggressive reconstruction. It emphasizes balancing precise surgical goals with the risks of growth plate failure, poor healing, and scar contractures. Surgeons should accept adequate functional results rather than pursuing unattainable radiologic perfection.

80. Kouo TW, Gordon D, Perkins A, et al. Resolution of Pediatric Trigger Finger After Combined A1 Pulley Release, A2 Pulley Partial Release, and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendon Split. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.005

This retrospective study assessed outcomes of combined A1 pulley release, A2 pulley partial release, and flexor digitorum superficialis tendon splitting for pediatric trigger fingers. The procedure resulted in zero recurrence cases among the treated digits during follow-up. This combined technique appears highly effective in preventing recurrence compared to A1 release alone.

Fractures, Trauma, and Fixation (7)

20. McArthur M, Diaz MA, Cardona H, et al. Biomechanical Evaluation of Various Screw Constructs for Proximal Phalanx Base Fracture Fixation. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100954

This biomechanical study compared four fixation methods for proximal phalanx base fractures using a cadaveric model, evaluating bending stiffness, rotational stability, and load to failure. The V-pattern screw configuration demonstrated superior biomechanical properties, including higher stiffness and torque resistance, compared to single antegrade cannulated screws and other configurations. These results suggest that V-pattern fixation may offer enhanced stability for this specific fracture type.

23. Phan A, Dussik CM, Wilbur D, et al. Early Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Prescriptions and Nonunion After Scaphoid Fractures: A TriNetX Matched Cohort Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100958

This matched cohort study investigated the relationship between early nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescriptions and scaphoid nonunion rates in both nonoperative and operative management groups. Patients receiving NSAIDs within one month of diagnosis had a significantly increased incidence of nonunion and subsequent salvage procedures in the nonoperative group, but not in the operative group. These findings suggest that NSAID use may impair healing in conservatively managed scaphoid fractures.

38. Dhanoa A, Lafreniere A, Harper CM, et al. Evaluating Generative Artificial Intelligence Models’ Responses to Questions About Scaphoid Fracture and Scaphoid Nonunion. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100978

This study evaluated AI models' responses to patient questions about scaphoid fractures, finding no significant difference between ChatGPT and Google Gemini, though plastic surgeons rated responses higher than orthopedic surgeons. The results suggest that while AI provides generally accurate information, its perceived quality may vary by medical specialty, indicating a need for specialized training or oversight.

65. Koriem I, Youssef KN, Alnaggar H, et al. Open Distal Phalanx Tuft Fractures in Fingertip Injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Kirschner Wire Fixation Versus Conservative Management. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101006

This retrospective cohort study compared K-wire fixation against conservative management for open distal phalanx tuft fractures in 50 adult patients. The fixation group demonstrated significantly higher union rates, faster healing times, and superior functional outcomes regarding range of motion and pinch strength. These findings suggest that K-wire fixation may be the preferred treatment to optimize clinical and functional recovery in these injuries.

79. Barrera-Ochoa S, Cavaca RP, Martín AA, et al. Minimally Invasive Hybrid Fixation for Unstable Metacarpal Shaft Fractures: A New Approach to Extend Intramedullary Screw Indications. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.012

This study evaluated a hybrid fixation technique combining intramedullary screw fixation with minimally invasive suture cerclage for unstable metacarpal shaft fractures. All 27 patients achieved radiographic union within three months with excellent functional outcomes and minimal complications. This approach extends the indications for intramedullary screw fixation to complex fracture patterns.

87. Casey JC, Cusano J, Wronski PT, et al. The Role of the Collateral Ligaments in Stabilizing the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in Fingers With Small Mallet Fractures: A Biomechanical Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.007

Précis unavailable.

92. Lee SH, Kim MB, Lee YH. Surgical Management of Delayed Mallet Finger Fractures Using Combined Two-Extension Block Kirschner Wire and Dorsal Counterforce Techniques. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.019

This study assessed the efficacy of combining two-extension block K-wire and dorsal counterforce techniques for treating delayed bony mallet fractures. The combined approach achieved satisfactory reduction and healing in most patients, with only one case requiring conversion to an open procedure. This technique offers a viable percutaneous alternative for managing complex delayed mallet fractures.

2. Takagi S, Tamagawa K, Nishimura R. Clinical outcomes of total proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty using costal osteochondral grafts. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261452943

This study evaluated total proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty using costal osteochondral grafts in ten patients, finding significant improvements in pain and motion. Longer external fixation was associated with reduced residual extension deficits, though the small retrospective cohort limits definitive conclusions. The technique demonstrates potential for restoring function, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts.

3. Fischer C, Hückstädt M, Kobbe P, et al. Outcomes after contact and distance elbow arthrodesis: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-10026-5

This retrospective cohort study compared contact and distance elbow arthrodesis techniques, finding high primary radiographic fusion rates in both groups. Patient-reported outcomes and functional scores showed no statistically significant differences between the two methods at follow-up. Both techniques appear effective as salvage procedures for non-reconstructible elbow conditions, with choice depending on specific anatomical needs.

4. Vögelin E, Honigmann P. Editorial. Restoration of the balance: a shared art in hand functionality. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261442330

This editorial discusses the theme of 'Restoration of the Balance' in hand function, emphasizing the need to navigate between traditional methods and innovative strategies. It highlights the hand's unique duality, requiring a continuous negotiation between mobility and stability, as well as power and precision. The piece sets the stage for the special issue by framing hand surgery as an art of maintaining functional equilibrium.

5. Blackburn J, Solomons M. Editorial. Restoring balance in hand surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261442346

This editorial explores the concept of restoring balance in hand surgery, focusing on the interplay between anatomy, biomechanics, and treatment strategies. It notes that achieving functional recovery often requires compromises between stability and mobility, as well as intervention and adaptation. The authors argue that understanding these balances is crucial for evolving hand surgery practices while maintaining their core objective of coordinated function.

7. Wong J, Reid A, Bamford E, et al. Re: Tang et al. The IFSSH consensus and current guidelines on flexor tendon repairs and reconstruction. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261445904

Précis unavailable.

9. Özdeş HU, Ergen E, Özdemir E, et al. Functional outcomes after open versus endoscopic-assisted De Quervain’s release. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261447167

This study compared functional outcomes and complications between open and single-portal endoscopic release for De Quervain’s disease in 44 patients. Both surgical methods resulted in significant and comparable improvements in pain and functional scores, with no significant difference in complication rates. These findings suggest that either technique is a viable option for treating De Quervain’s syndrome.

10. Shekouhi R, Singh Y, Byrd B, et al. Comparative outcomes of single versus multiple trigger finger releases: a propensity score matched cohort study. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261448109

Using a propensity score-matched cohort from the TriNetX database, this study compared postoperative complications between single-digit and multiple-digit trigger finger releases. The analysis of nearly 100,000 patients indicated that releasing multiple digits in the same session does not significantly increase the risk of adverse events compared to single-digit release. This supports the safety of performing multiple trigger finger releases during a single operative session.

11. Leuschner S, Rätzer K, Irga K, et al. Finger flexion after amputation through the proximal phalanx with and without flexor digitorum superficialis tenodesis. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934261444260

This study investigated whether flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tenodesis improves metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) flexion after proximal phalanx amputation compared to conventional amputation. Although FDS tenodesis resulted in slightly greater mean MCPJ flexion, it was associated with a higher rate of adverse events. Consequently, the potential functional benefit must be weighed against the increased complication risk when considering this technique.

13. Barrera-Ochoa S, Bonilla-Chaperon M, Alvarez-Villalobos LA, et al. Short-Term Outcomes of Digitalis Silicone Implant for Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis and a Proposed Functional-Radiological Classification. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100911

This study assessed the short-term clinical and functional outcomes of the BRM Digitalis silicone implant for proximal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis in 33 patients. Patients experienced significant improvements in range of motion, strength, and pain scores, with no implant fractures or infections reported. The authors also proposed a new functional-radiological classification system to better correlate clinical outcomes with radiographic findings.

14. Anundson J, Bae S, Kessler M. Soil to Sheath: Nocardia Flexor Tenosynovitis in an Immunocompetent Pottery Artist. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100934

This case report describes a rare instance of Nocardia flexor tenosynovitis in an immunocompetent pottery artist, highlighting the importance of considering environmental exposures in infectious hand infections. It emphasizes that infectious flexor tenosynovitis is a surgical emergency requiring urgent recognition to prevent tendon necrosis and stiffness. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for atypical pathogens in patients with specific occupational or environmental histories.

17. Chaparro A, Shigley C, Huang J, et al. Anatomy of Hamate Articular Surface. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100947

This study analyzed 118 CT scans to characterize the anatomical variability of the distal hamate articular surface, specifically focusing on central ridge angles and facet radii of curvature. The findings revealed significant individual variation in these measurements, with notable deviations in central ridge angles among a subset of patients. These data provide essential anatomical references for surgical planning and implant design in hamate procedures.

18. Dussik CM, Coombs J, Phan A, et al. Is Cannabis Dependence Associated with Postoperative Infections in Hand and Wrist Surgeries?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100948

Using a large multi-institutional database, this study compared 90-day perioperative complications in hand and wrist soft-tissue surgeries between patients with and without cannabis dependence. The results indicated no significant difference in complication rates, such as infections or readmissions, between the two groups after propensity score matching. This suggests that cannabis dependence alone may not be a contraindication for hand surgery or a primary driver of postoperative morbidity.

21. Shaik A, Hayat U, Al-Saadi M, et al. Microscopic Fasciectomy in Dupuytren Disease: Early Clinical Outcomes and Technical Advantages—A District General Hospital Experience. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100955

This retrospective study compared early clinical outcomes of microscopic versus open fasciectomy for Dupuytren contracture in a district general hospital setting. Microscopic fasciectomy was associated with lower residual deformity rates and fewer complications, although open fasciectomy addressed more severe preoperative contractures with greater absolute correction. The findings support the technical advantages and favorable early outcomes of microscopic techniques in selected cases.

24. Joo P, Cui J, Modrak M, et al. Functional Outcomes After Buddy Tape Immobilization in a Healthy Population. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100960

This study objectively measured the functional impact of buddy tape immobilization on typing speed, accuracy, and patient-reported outcomes in healthy volunteers. Buddy taping resulted in statistically significant decreases in typing speed and accuracy across all finger configurations, along with reduced functional scores. These results quantify the functional limitations imposed by buddy taping, informing patient counseling regarding activity restrictions during treatment.

26. Bickley R, Vaughan A, Yohe G, et al. The Swiss Cheese Effect: A Biomechanical Study of Fifth Metacarpal Structural Integrity After Multiple Kirschner Wire Passes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100962

This biomechanical study evaluated the structural integrity of the fifth metacarpal after multiple Kirschner wire passes using cadaveric specimens. Results showed no significant difference in load-to-failure or fracture risk between one, three, or eight extra passes under cyclic loading. Clinically, this suggests that multiple pin passes do not necessarily compromise bone strength in the short term.

28. Sarigiannis CN, Axelsson P. Game, Set… Revision! A Case Report of a Tennis Player Who Smashed His Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid-Joint Pyrocardan Implant Twice. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100964

This case report details a tennis player who experienced two separate implant breakages of a Pyrocardan scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint prosthesis during sports activities. Each failure required revision surgery, which resolved the associated squeaking symptom. The report suggests potential durability limitations for this implant in high-impact athletic populations.

29. Santoso ARB, Dradjat RS, Mustamsir E, et al. Biocompatibility, Durability, and Stability Assessment of an Unconstrained Metacarpophalangeal Joint Prosthesis With Zirconia (ZrO2) Crowns at Metacarpal and Polyether-Ether-Ketone at Proximal Phalanx. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100967

This study evaluated a novel unconstrained metacarpophalangeal joint prosthesis featuring zirconia and polyether-ether-ketone crowns for biocompatibility and mechanical stability. The device demonstrated superior biocompatibility with reduced inflammation and enhanced osteoblast activity compared to conventional materials. Mechanical testing confirmed its durability and functional stability, supporting its potential for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

30. Mekhail J, Rivas R, Maez DA, et al. Firearm-Related Upper-Limb Injuries in Children: An 8-Year Single Institution Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100968

This retrospective analysis examined upper-limb injuries from firearm-related incidents in pediatric patients over an eight-year period at a single trauma center. The study found that nearly 20% of pediatric firearm injuries involved the upper extremity, with fractures being common. These trends underscore the need for targeted interventions and improved supportive care for this vulnerable population.

31. van der Post A, Jens S, Kox LS, et al. The Influence of Early Gymnastic Exposure on the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in the Adolescent Wrist. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100969

This study investigated the impact of early gymnastic exposure on the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) in asymptomatic adolescent gymnasts using MRI. The analysis found correlations between TFCC morphology and factors such as ulnar variance and bone age. These findings suggest that gymnastic training may induce specific structural adaptations in the adolescent wrist.

35. Botero Bermúdez M, García González LA, Suaza Ramos MC, et al. Transcultural Adaptation of the Spanish Version of the ABILHAND Scale for Hand Surgery in a Colombian Population of Patients with Hand Pathologies. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100975

Researchers developed and validated a Spanish version of the ABILHAND-Hs scale for assessing manual ability in Colombian patients with various hand pathologies, demonstrating strong validity and reliability. This culturally adapted tool provides clinicians with a reliable patient-reported outcome measure to evaluate dexterity and daily functioning in Spanish-speaking populations.

36. Ulfers A, Tran N, Delahoussaye W, et al. The Cost of Hand Injuries to Non-United States Citizen Manual Laborers. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100976

This retrospective study analyzed the financial and clinical outcomes of work-related hand injuries in non-US citizen manual laborers, revealing high medical costs and significant burdens particularly for those receiving free care. The findings underscore the substantial economic impact of these injuries on the healthcare system and highlight disparities in cost distribution based on insurance status.

39. Nocek M, Wakefield D, Vitale MA. Likelihood of Dupuytren Contracture Recurrence After Limited Fasciectomy, Needle Aponeurotomy or Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum: Systematic Review of Prospective Data With 2- to 7-Year Follow-up. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100979

This systematic review compared recurrence rates of Dupuytren contracture after limited fasciectomy, collagenase injection, and needle aponeurotomy, finding that limited fasciectomy had the lowest recurrence risk followed by collagenase and then needle aponeurotomy. These findings assist clinicians in selecting treatment modalities based on long-term durability, with surgical excision offering superior prevention of recurrence.

40. Ganesan O, Trost J, Pike MD, et al. Enhancing Hand Vascular Assessment: The Role of Hyperspectral Imaging in Perfusion Monitoring. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100980

This study evaluated hyperspectral imaging as a noninvasive tool for monitoring tissue perfusion in hand vascular conditions, demonstrating its ability to effectively identify perfusion abnormalities and guide interventions. The findings suggest that hyperspectral imaging offers a valuable, real-time alternative to traditional methods for assessing vascular health in hand surgery patients.

44. Mahida K, Jagtap SR. Comment on “Biomechanical Comparison of Plate Versus Intramedullary Screw Fixation for Extra-Articular Metacarpal Base Fractures”. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100986

This letter comments on a biomechanical study comparing plate versus intramedullary screw fixation for extra-articular metacarpal base fractures, noting that while plates showed higher ultimate strength, screw constructs exceeded physiologic loads. The authors highlight that the study's load-to-failure metrics may overestimate clinical relevance given that daily activity forces rarely reach the levels sustained by the implants. They suggest caution in interpreting these biomechanical advantages as direct indicators of superior clinical performance.

45. Hum RA, Xiong Y, Grzelak M, et al. Initial Opioid Prescription Is Associated With and Predictive of Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use in Hand Surgery Patients. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100988

This retrospective analysis of over 12,000 hand surgery patients determined that the quantity of the initial opioid prescription is a significant predictor of prolonged postoperative opioid use. The study developed a presurgical prediction model incorporating demographic, clinical, and patient-reported data to identify individuals at high risk for extended opioid consumption. These findings support the implementation of predictive tools to guide safer, more individualized opioid prescribing practices.

50. Manikya S, Vadhithala V, Kumar R. Comment on “Is Cannabis Dependence Associated With Postoperative Infections in Hand and Wrist Surgeries?”. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100999

This letter critiques a study linking cannabis dependence to postoperative infections by highlighting temporal ambiguity in exposure definition due to postoperative diagnostic coding. The authors suggest restricting exposure definitions to preoperative diagnoses to avoid misclassifying dependence arising from complication-related encounters.

51. Patel RV, Chundi G, Harper CM, et al. Evaluating Indicators of Continued Research Involvement and Activity in Hand Fellowship Faculty. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101001

This cross-sectional analysis evaluated factors influencing research productivity among hand fellowship faculty, finding significant regional differences and correlations with publication counts during training. The findings suggest that early academic output and geographic location are key indicators of continued research involvement in hand surgery faculty.

53. Miner N, Bono C, Chiu M, et al. Examining the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcome instrument in extended reality: X-DASH. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100685

This study developed and validated an extended reality version of the DASH outcome measure (X-DASH) to standardize patient-reported assessments through simulated tasks. While X-DASH showed usability, it yielded significantly higher (worse) scores than conventional administration, indicating potential differences in patient perception or task difficulty.

54. Mukohara S, Hartman Budnik JV, Viola RW. Reconstruction of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Subsheath Using a Fascia Lata Allograft. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100957

This time-driven activity-based costing analysis compared the financial and time efficiency of performing four common minor hand procedures in a minor procedure room versus the operating room. The results demonstrated substantial cost savings and time efficiency for procedures such as carpal tunnel release and ganglion excisions when moved to the minor procedure room setting.

55. Serhan KA, Balazs GC, Lake NH, et al. A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis of Minor Hand Procedure Room Utilization at a Single Military Institution. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101005

This study introduced a novel technique for reconstructing the extensor carpi ulnaris subsheath using a fascia lata allograft to create a radial-based sling. The approach offers a promising alternative to existing procedures by avoiding autograft harvesting, preserving tendon gliding, and allowing simultaneous treatment of associated pathologies.

56. Fellheimer HS, DiDomenico E, Ayub M, et al. Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome After the Diagnosis of Ulnar Neuropathy. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100970

This large-scale retrospective cohort study investigated the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome following a diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy. Patients with ulnar nerve lesions were found to have a significantly increased risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome, particularly within the first two years, suggesting a potential link between the two conditions.

58. Zhukauskas R, Smetana BS, Strohl AB, et al. Characterization of Trimmed Nerve Morphology Using High-Resolution Imaging: Comparison of Three Surgical Instruments. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101003

This study compared three surgical instruments for trimming nerve stumps using high-resolution imaging to assess intraneural damage. It found that instrument choice significantly impacts the extent of fascicular distortion and damage length. These findings provide guidance for selecting techniques that minimize nerve injury during trimming.

61. Alder KD, Sullivan MH, Qasem SA, et al. Osteoblastoma of the Middle Phalanx of the Hand Initially Diagnosed as Melorheostosis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101014

Précis unavailable.

63. Isgandarlı S, Yapıcı C, Çabukoğlu C. Combined Central Slip and Volar Plate Avulsion Fractures: A Rare Case With Nonsurgical Recovery. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101016

Précis unavailable.

64. Ramesh S, Meyer E, Strubel JJ, et al. Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Its Associated Factors Among Ambulatory Hand Patients in a Large Metropolitan Area. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101011

Précis unavailable.

66. Henn MC, Marik C, Lau K, et al. Efficacy of Ice Application After Hand Surgery. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.06.016

This prospective randomized study evaluated the efficacy of ice application on skin temperature under plaster splints following hand and wrist surgery. Results showed that ice significantly reduced skin temperature near the incision compared to the control group, which experienced a temperature increase. This indicates that ice application is effective in managing postoperative heat exposure despite the exothermic curing of cast materials.

67. Choi J, Wu KC, Peek KJ, et al. The Role of the Hand Surgeon in the Management of Self-Injurious Behavior: A Guideline for Comprehensive Care and Patient Safety. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.10.017

This guideline article outlines the critical role of hand surgeons in identifying and managing deliberate self-harm injuries through a multidisciplinary approach. It emphasizes the importance of early recognition of subtle signs and the use of suicide screening tools to guide psychiatric evaluation and care. The authors advocate for balancing surgical intervention with mental health support to improve patient safety and outcomes.

68. Sivakumar BS, Bissell L, Hile M, et al. Unicortical Versus Bicortical Screws for Dorsal Plate Fixation of Phalangeal Fractures. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.03.009

This biomechanical study compared unicortical and bicortical locking screws for dorsal plate fixation of extra-articular proximal phalangeal fractures in cadaveric specimens. Both screw types provided similar stability, with no significant differences in maximal force, cycles to failure, or displacement. The findings support the use of unicortical screws as a sufficient and potentially less invasive alternative for facilitating early motion.

72. Ozer K. Why I Love the Index Finger?. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.01.023

This article reviews the concept of spare parts surgery, where tissue from an injured index finger is used to reconstruct other damaged digits, particularly the thumb. It highlights how sacrificing a problematic index finger can significantly improve overall hand function in multiple digit injuries. The author emphasizes the importance of pattern recognition and intraoperative planning in executing these complex reconstructions.

76. Kistler JM, Adams JA, Hozack BA, et al. The Effect of Corticosteroid Type on Failure Following Primary Trigger Finger Injection. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.011

Précis unavailable.

77. Faszholz A, Davidson M, Pullman S, et al. Quantitative Scratch Collapse Test Methodology With Handheld Dynamometer: Normative Upper-Extremity Force Data and Reliability Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100966

This study established normative upper-extremity force and torque values using a quantitative scratch collapse test with handheld dynamometry. The protocol demonstrated good to excellent inter- and intra-examiner reliability in healthy adults. This standardized method reduces subjective variability, potentially improving the diagnostic accuracy of the scratch collapse test.

81. Dankelman LH, Kooi K, Romeo RB, et al. Association of Extrinsic Ligament Injury with Diastasis in Scapholunate Ligament Injury. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.020

This retrospective cohort study analyzed MRI data to determine which extrinsic ligament injuries are independently associated with scapholunate diastasis. The key finding was that volar extrinsic ligament injuries were significantly more prevalent in patients with diastasis greater than 2 mm compared to those without. Clinically, this highlights the critical role of volar extrinsic ligaments in maintaining scapholunate stability, suggesting they should be carefully assessed during injury evaluation.

82. Kahan R, Rakowski DR, Richman EH, et al. Biomechanical Strength of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction With Button Autograft and Suture Suspension (BASS) Technique in a Cadaveric Osteolysis Model. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.009

This biomechanical study evaluated the strength of thumb UCL reconstruction using the BASS technique in a cadaveric model simulating osteolysis from failed anchors. The technique demonstrated sufficient structural and clinical failure loads to withstand valgus stress in the presence of simulated bone loss. This suggests the BASS technique is a viable salvage option for revision UCL reconstruction in cases of anchor-related osteolysis.

86. Richman EH, Rakowski DR, Paul BR, et al. Building a Positive Online Reputation in Hand Surgery: Quantitative Analysis of Factors Linked to Patient Five-Star Reviews. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.06.012

Précis unavailable.

88. Seth I, Sacks BK, Shadid O, et al. Evaluation of Vapocoolant Spray Before Local Anesthetic Infiltration During Percutaneous Needle Aponeurotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.010

Précis unavailable.

89. Nie A, Woodford SC, Robinson D, et al. The Effect of Distal Scaphoid Excision and Triquetrum Excision on Radioscapholunate Fusion: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.008

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of distal scaphoid and triquetrum excisions on outcomes following radioscapholunate fusion for radiocarpal arthritis. The analysis of 477 wrists indicated that these excisions may improve postoperative flexion, though consensus on their necessity remains lacking. These findings help inform surgical decision-making regarding motion-preserving limited wrist fusions.

90. Bitar H, Harrysson A, Flondell M, et al. Patient-Reported Symptom Relief and Use of Analgesics After Open Release of Trigger Finger: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study With 6 Months Follow-Up. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.12.006

This prospective multicenter cohort study tracked daily symptom resolution and analgesic use in 96 patients following open trigger finger release. Results showed a median of 11 days for pain relief and instant resolution of triggering, with minimal analgesic requirements. This data provides patients with realistic expectations for rapid recovery and low postoperative medication needs.

93. Unknown Author. Erratum. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.001

This erratum corrects the spelling of the second author's name in a previously published article from 'Francisco de Pinal' to 'Francisco del Piñal'. The correction has been applied to the online version of the article to ensure accurate attribution. The authors and publisher apologize for the oversight.

95. Somorin TJ, Sharma SB, Chambers A, et al. Sustainable Surgery: A Hand Surgeon’s Guide to Ergonomics. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.009

This nonsystematic review addresses the musculoskeletal burden on hand surgeons and provides evidence-based ergonomic recommendations for various surgical procedures. It highlights specific adjustments for microsurgery, open surgery, endoscopy, and arthroscopy to reduce strain and prevent work-related disorders. Implementing these ergonomic principles is crucial for maintaining surgeon health and surgical excellence.

96. Richman EH, Rakowski D, Lauder A. Retraction notice to “The Impact of Emerging Therapies and Declining Physician Reimbursement on Dupuytren Disease Treatment: A 21-Year Review" [J Hand Surg Am. 2026;51(3):312]. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.001

This notice announces the retraction of a 21-year review on Dupuytren disease treatment due to major methodological errors identified post-publication. The authors acknowledged the incorrect study execution, which led to inaccurate conclusions, and agreed to the retraction. The editor determined that the extent of errors necessitated full retraction rather than a corrigendum.

97. Naniwa S, Nishida K, Nasu Y, et al. A Comparative Study of Short-Term Outcomes Between INTEGRA and AVANTA Silicone Implants for Metacarpophalangeal Joints in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.04.003

This retrospective cohort study compared short-term outcomes and fracture rates between INTEGRA and AVANTA silicone implants for metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Both implants demonstrated similar improvements in range of motion, strength, and functional scores with no significant differences in efficacy or safety profiles. These findings suggest that either implant is a viable option for surgical management of MCP joints in this patient population.

99. Unknown Author. Journal CME Instructions. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(26)00269-8

This article outlines the continuing medical education (CME) instructions for The Journal of Hand Surgery, detailing the program's objectives and format. It specifies that participants must read selected clinically relevant articles and answer related questions correctly to obtain CME credits. The goal is to help hand surgeons affirm their knowledge and apply clinical data to improve patient care.

100. Xiao AX, Miclau KR, Kaur M, et al. Evaluating Associations Between Health Equity and High-Quality Care in Hand and Upper-Extremity Care: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.012

This systematic review evaluated the associations between social determinants of health, measured by the PROGRESS framework, and access to timely, high-quality hand and upper-extremity care. Using the three-delays model, the authors analyzed how various demographic and socioeconomic factors contribute to inequities in care delivery and receipt. The results highlight specific areas where health inequities impact patient outcomes, informing strategies to improve equitable care.

Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.