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What's New — Shoulder — June 2026

76 new articles published this month.

Themes: Rotator Cuff Repair Biology and Augmentation · Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes and Complications · Shoulder Instability Management and Anatomy · Scapular Morphology and Kinematics

Digest generated 2026-07-10 03:21:59+00:00.

Highlights

Rotator Cuff Repair Biology and Augmentation

Recent research highlights biological mechanisms and surgical augmentations to improve tendon-to-bone healing. Yoda1 promotes healing by regulating macrophage polarization [1], while intraoperative zoledronic acid alters micro-RNA profiles to enhance repair integrity [15]. Revascularization of transcortical vessels also improves healing outcomes [26]. Clinically, augmentation strategies such as autograft biceps patches [21] and onlay bioinductive implants [36] show promise in reducing retear rates. Additionally, GLP-1 receptor agonist use in obese patients is associated with decreased revision and retear risks [14], and diabetic inflammation driven by MCP-1 exacerbates tear severity [42].

Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes and Complications

Studies evaluate risk factors and long-term results for shoulder arthroplasty. Preoperative thoracic kyphosis influences reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) outcomes [2], while os acromiale does not significantly alter clinical results [6]. Acromial stress fractures remain a notable complication, with prior acromioplasty identified as a risk factor [33] and incidence assessed in case-control studies [62]. Patient factors such as hypertension medication type [47], obesity status correlating with thromboembolism [41], and long-term corticosteroid use increasing early medical complications [18] are critical considerations. Furthermore, surgeon experience thresholds for reducing complications are defined through large meta-analyses [34], and timing in staged bilateral rTSA impacts complication rates [45].

Shoulder Instability Management and Anatomy

Management of shoulder instability focuses on surgical techniques and anatomical predictors. ESSKA-ESA consensus provides age-specific recommendations for traumatic anterior instability [5]. Remplissage utilization is increasing, with expanding indications beyond off-track lesions [4]. Morphological studies reveal female patients have narrower glenoid rims and lower bone density [3], while posterior dislocation morphology differs between single and recurrent events [11]. Surgical outcomes for ALPSA lesions are comparable to Bankart repairs with adequate release [25], and multidirectional instability in Ehlers-Danlos patients benefits from allograft augmentation [43]. Systematic reviews also highlight high return-to-play rates in adolescent athletes [23] and critique spin in Latarjet comparisons [22].

Scapular Morphology and Kinematics

Scapular anatomy and motion are central to shoulder pathomechanics. Scapular morphology differs between healthy and osteoarthritic subjects, with specific variations linked to instability and arthritis [73]. Commentary discusses how scapular shape variations contribute to pathomechanisms [20]. Novel techniques like scapula-to-scapula tethering address scapulothoracic abnormal motion [12], while systematic reviews evaluate treatment options for snapping scapula syndrome [44]. In rTSA, global glenoid component inclination must account for resting scapular rotation to avoid complications [70]. Additionally, increased critical shoulder angle is shown to impair tendon-to-bone healing in animal models [30], linking bony morphology to soft tissue healing potential.

Articles by Theme

Rotator Cuff Repair Biology and Augmentation (7)

1. Xie D, Sun Y, Liu Z, et al. Yoda1 Promotes Tendon-to-Bone Healing by Regulating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in a Rat Model of Rotator Cuff Repair. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261449799

Researchers investigated the effect of Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, on tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff repair model by evaluating histological, biomechanical, and macrophage polarization outcomes. The study found that low-concentration Yoda1 significantly improved healing scores and collagen organization while regulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization. These results suggest Yoda1 may be a promising therapeutic agent to enhance rotator cuff repair outcomes by modulating the local immune response.

14. Omurzakov A, Omurzakov AM, Burkhart RJ, et al. Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist Use in Obese Patients Is Associated With Decreased Risk of Revision and Retears After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70370

Bowler et al. conducted a propensity-matched analysis to compare three-dimensional glenoid morphology between patients with postcapsulorrhaphy arthropathy and primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The study found that glenoid pathology is similar between the two conditions, suggesting that arthritic wear patterns are not uniquely distinct despite differences in prior surgical interventions.

15. Schanda JE, Hackl M, Bischl R, et al. Intraoperative Zoledronic Acid for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Results in Distinct Circulating Micro-RNA Profiles Indicating Improved Tendon-to-Bone Healing. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261455031

Schanda et al. analyzed circulating micro-RNA profiles in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair to explore the molecular mechanisms behind the improved healing observed with intraoperative zoledronic acid. The study identified distinct miRNA changes related to inflammation and tendon-to-bone healing, providing biological evidence for the treatment's efficacy in non-osteoporotic patients.

21. Brinkman JC, Moore ML, Smith C, et al. Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation With an Autograft Biceps Patch, the “Biceps Smash,” Results in Low Retear Rates at 6 Months and Promising Clinical Outcomes at 12 Months. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70379

This study evaluated the efficacy of using an autograft biceps patch augmentation during rotator cuff repair, reporting low retear rates at 6 months and promising clinical outcomes at 12 months. The retrospective review of 25 cases demonstrated that this technique may enhance healing compared to expected rates. These results suggest the biceps patch is a viable option for improving rotator cuff repair integrity.

26. Xia W, Shi Z, Wang X, et al. Revascularization of Transcortical Vessels Improves Tendon-to-Bone Healing for Rotator Cuff Repair. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261453033

This controlled laboratory study in rats investigated the impact of transcortical vessel (TCV) revascularization on rotator cuff repair, demonstrating that preserving cortical bone inhibits TCV revascularization while freshening the footprint or using D-sphingosine enhances it. Enhanced revascularization was associated with improved biomechanical strength and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation at the repair site. These results indicate that promoting TCV-mediated revascularization through footprint preparation or pharmacological intervention can significantly improve tendon-to-bone healing.

36. Lau J, Ting RS, Lam PH, et al. The effectiveness of arthroscopically inserted onlay bioinductive implant on revision rotator cuff repair in workers’ compensation patients: a case-controlled cohort study with minimum 2-year follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.11.021

This case-controlled cohort study assessed the effectiveness of an arthroscopically inserted onlay bioinductive implant in revision rotator cuff repairs among workers' compensation patients. The addition of the implant did not significantly improve repair integrity or functional outcomes compared to standard repair at minimum two-year follow-up. These results suggest that bioinductive implants may not provide additional benefit in this specific high-risk patient population.

42. Wang Y, Gu X, Tu J, et al. MCP-1 Exacerbates Diabetic Rotator Cuff Tear by Driving Synovial Inflammation via MAPK/ERK-Mediated Macrophage Polarization. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.025

Researchers investigated the mechanisms of diabetic rotator cuff tears, discovering that elevated MCP-1 drives synovial inflammation through MAPK/ERK-mediated macrophage polarization in both human patients and murine models. This mechanistic insight highlights MCP-1 as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating the severity of rotator cuff pathology in diabetic individuals.

Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes and Complications (9)

2. Franceschetti E, Gregori P, Bruna ML, et al. Preoperative thoracic kyphosis influences clinical outcomes and joint range of motion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: A retrospective study from the FP-UCBM shoulder study group. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261461573

This retrospective study analyzed the impact of preoperative thoracic kyphosis on clinical outcomes and range of motion in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Patients with severe kyphosis (Cobb angle ≥47°) exhibited significantly reduced flexion, abduction, and Constant scores compared to those with normal alignment. The findings indicate that severe thoracic kyphosis negatively influences postoperative functional recovery, suggesting it should be considered in preoperative planning.

6. Schneider BS, Pfaehler CD, Hao KA, et al. The Influence of Os Acromiale on Patient Outcomes After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Study. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2026. doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00614

This matched cohort study compared clinical outcomes and complication rates between patients with os acromiale and controls undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The presence of os acromiale did not significantly affect postoperative clinical scores, strength, or range of motion compared to the matched control group. The findings suggest that os acromiale is not a contraindication for rTSA and does not adversely impact long-term functional outcomes.

18. Holmstrom JA, Hiredesai AN, Holle AM, et al. Long-term corticosteroid use elevates 90-day medical complications but not 5-year surgical complications after shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261460807

This retrospective cohort study assessed the impact of long-term corticosteroid use on complications following total shoulder arthroplasty. It found that while corticosteroid users had significantly higher risks of pneumonia and venous thromboembolism within 90 days, there were no significant differences in surgical complications at 5 years. This suggests that while short-term medical risks are elevated, long-term surgical outcomes remain comparable to controls.

33. Vanlommel J, Vandenabeele P, Petré D, et al. Risk factors for acromial stress fractures following primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: the impact of prior acromioplasty and radiographic parameters. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jsea.2026.100016

This study investigated risk factors for acromial stress fractures following primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, specifically analyzing the impact of prior acromioplasty and radiographic parameters. The findings highlight specific preoperative anatomical and surgical variables that predispose patients to this complication. These results suggest that careful patient selection and radiographic assessment are crucial for mitigating the risk of acromial fractures in rTSA candidates.

34. Daher M, Ilyas MH, Gonzalez-Morgado D, et al. Defining surgeon experience thresholds for the reduction in complications and revisions after shoulder arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of 332,542 patients. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jsea.2026.100020

This meta-analysis of over 332,000 patients aimed to define specific surgeon experience thresholds associated with reduced complications and revisions after shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis identified distinct volume and case-count benchmarks that correlate with improved patient outcomes and lower revision rates. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for credentialing and referral patterns to optimize surgical quality.

41. Wang J, Nguyen P, Ibrahim K, et al. Overweight and Premorbid Obesity Status Correlates With Thromboembolism Risk but Not Infection After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.022

This study utilized the TriNetX Research Network to evaluate total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes stratified by body mass index, finding that overweight and obese status significantly correlates with increased thromboembolism risk but not infection rates. These findings suggest that while weight management may mitigate clotting risks, it does not necessarily reduce infectious complications in this surgical population.

45. Wier J, Mayfield CK, Mouchawar AC, et al. Operative Timing Predicts Postoperative Complications after Staged Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.035

This analysis of the Premier Healthcare Database determined that shorter intervals between staged bilateral reverse total shoulder arthroplasties are associated with higher 90-day complication rates compared to longer intervals or unilateral surgery. The findings suggest that extending the time between staged procedures may reduce surgical risks, with a specific changepoint identified where complication risk attenuates.

47. Lee S, Jayne C, Kim MT, et al. Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Comparison of ARBs and ACE Inhibitors. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.038

This study compared postoperative outcomes in hypertensive patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty who were treated with either angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or ACE inhibitors using propensity score matching. The findings aim to guide perioperative medication management by identifying which class of antihypertensives is associated with better surgical outcomes.

62. Wiemer F, Coghlan JA, Bell SN. Acromial stress fractures and reactions after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a case-control study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.032

This case-control study investigated the incidence and risk factors for acromial stress fractures and reactions following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The incidence was 11%, with younger age and higher body mass index identified as independent risk factors for developing these complications. Awareness of these risk factors is crucial for preoperative planning and postoperative monitoring to mitigate the risk of acromial failure after rTSA.

Shoulder Instability Management and Anatomy (8)

3. Geuskens W, Lakdawala HA, Jaspers M, et al. Female Patients Exhibit a Narrower Glenoid Rim and Lower Bone Density in the Anteroinferior Quadrant Compared With Male Patients. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70380

This study evaluated sex-based differences in glenoid rim morphology and bone density using MRI and CT scans in patients with shoulder instability and uninjured controls. Female patients were found to have a narrower glenoid rim and lower bone density in the anteroinferior quadrant compared to males, regardless of instability status. These anatomical differences may influence surgical technique and implant selection for arthroscopic Bankart repairs in female patients.

4. Brej BL, Rauck RC, Huntley KS, et al. Changes in Rate and Indications for Remplissage When Performing Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261456225

This retrospective study compared outcomes of Z-type and non-Z-type midshaft clavicle fractures, analyzing rates of surgery to promote healing and unplanned reoperations. The rate of surgery to promote healing was similar between nonoperatively managed Z-type and non-Z-type fractures, with no significant association between fracture type and unplanned surgery. These results challenge the historical assumption that Z-type deformities inherently require surgical intervention.

5. Alentorn‐Geli E, Brilakis E, Ângelo AC, et al. Age‐ and time‐specific management of traumatic anterior shoulder instability: The 2024 ESSKA–ESA Formal Consensus. Part 2: Treatment and return to sports. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/ksa.70497

European experts established age- and time-specific consensus recommendations for the treatment and return-to-sport decision-making in traumatic anterior shoulder instability. The guidelines differentiate management strategies for adolescents, young adults, and older adults, as well as for first-time versus recurrent instability events. These evidence-based recommendations aim to standardize care and optimize functional outcomes across different patient demographics.

11. Gibbs HP, McQuade AM, Ramirez V, et al. Morphological Characteristics After Single Versus Recurrent Traumatic Posterior Shoulder Dislocation Events. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465261455048

Gibbs et al. compared morphological characteristics, including posterior glenoid bone loss and reverse Hill-Sachs lesions, between patients with single versus recurrent traumatic posterior shoulder dislocations. The findings highlight distinct morphological consequences associated with recurrent events, offering critical data for managing instability in high-demand populations.

22. Akrivos VS, Claizergues B, Collin P, et al. Moderate to high levels of spin in studies comparing open and arthroscopic Latarjet procedures for anterior shoulder instability: A systematic review from the LaTour Group. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/ksa.70476

This systematic review analyzed the prevalence of spin in studies comparing open and arthroscopic Latarjet procedures for anterior shoulder instability. It found that 80% of included studies exhibited at least one type of spin, with selective reporting and lack of limitation discussions being most common. The high prevalence of spin, particularly in lower-level evidence studies, underscores the need for more rigorous reporting standards.

23. Hodakowski AJ, Hurley ET, Villarreal‐Espinosa JB, et al. High Rates of Return To Play Following Surgical Stabilization for Shoulder Instability in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70368

This systematic review evaluated return-to-play rates and recurrent instability following surgical stabilization for shoulder instability in adolescent athletes. It found high overall return-to-play rates across various surgical techniques, though recurrent instability rates varied widely. These findings support surgical stabilization as an effective option for restoring athletic function in this population.

25. Chang H, Lee K, Yoon T, et al. Arthroscopic Repair of Anterior Labroligamentous Periosteal Sleeve Avulsion Lesions Achieves Similar Outcomes and Labral Height Compared With Typical Bankart Lesions With Adequate Capsulolabral Release. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70357

This retrospective study compared arthroscopic repair outcomes and labral height between ALPSA and typical Bankart lesions, finding no significant differences in clinical scores or radiological measurements at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The findings suggest that ALPSA lesions achieve similar structural and functional results to Bankart lesions when adequately released during repair. This supports the use of standard arthroscopic Bankart repair techniques for ALPSA lesions with comparable efficacy.

43. Albarian SB, Trinh PM, Simonian L, et al. Open Capsular Shift with Achilles Allograft Augmentation for Multidirectional Shoulder Instability: Long-Term Outcomes and Implications for Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.024

This retrospective study assessed long-term outcomes of open capsular shift with Achilles allograft augmentation for multidirectional shoulder instability, particularly in patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. The results support the hypothesis that allograft augmentation provides improved clinical outcomes and low recurrence rates in this high-risk population with deficient capsular tissue.

Scapular Morphology and Kinematics (6)

12. Lohre RS, Ahmed AF, Elhassan BT. Scapula-to-scapula tethering for the treatment of scapulothoracic abnormal motion: A novel technique and case series. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261457826

Boutros et al. performed the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score to ensure its reliability for non-English-speaking populations. The validation study confirmed the instrument's excellent internal consistency, mono-dimensionality, and convergent validity, establishing it as a robust tool for assessing shoulder function in Arabic-speaking patients.

20. Jacxsens M. Scapular Morphology: Survival of the Fittest. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2026. doi:10.2106/jbjs.25.01596

This commentary discusses how three-dimensional morphological studies link specific scapular shape variations to shoulder pathologies like instability and osteoarthritis. It highlights that a more horizontal acromion is associated with posterior instability, while a steeper acromion correlates with anterior instability. Understanding these anatomical nuances aids in elucidating the pathomechanisms of shoulder disorders.

30. Chin PC. Moving from Bedside to Bench, Increased Critical Shoulder Angle Impairs Tendon-to-Bone Healing in Rotator Cuff Repair in Rats. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2026. doi:10.2106/jbjs.25.01416

This commentary discusses a study showing that an increased critical shoulder angle (CSA) impairs tendon-to-bone healing in a rat model of chronic rotator cuff tears, linking anatomical variations to poor surgical outcomes. The author reflects on the evolving understanding of CSA as a radiological parameter that predicts rotator cuff tear prevalence and healing potential. The commentary emphasizes the importance of considering anatomical factors like CSA when planning and predicting outcomes for rotator cuff repairs.

44. Wallace K, Mitchell JK, Lauck BJ, et al. Snapping Scapula Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Treatment Options and Outcomes. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.023

Précis unavailable.

70. Shekhbihi A, Raiss P, Modelhart M, et al. ‘‘The Global Glenoid Component Inclination: why scapulothoracic orientation should be considered when defining glenoid component inclination in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty’’. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.011

The study investigates the impact of resting scapular rotation on global glenoid component inclination in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. It found that scapular rotation significantly alters the effective inclination relative to gravity, even when targeting neutral inclination to the supraspinatus fossa. This highlights the need to consider scapulothoracic orientation during surgical planning to optimize implant positioning.

73. Werthel J, Ogor J, Le Brigand J, et al. Morphological analysis of the scapula in healthy and osteoarthritic subjects. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.017

This study utilized automated three-dimensional analysis to compare scapular morphology between healthy controls and patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis, including Walch type A and B subtypes. The researchers found significant differences in multiple morphological parameters, such as critical shoulder angle and glenoid version, between healthy and osteoarthritic shoulders. These findings highlight distinct global scapular morphological changes associated with osteoarthritis progression.

7. Shuang F, Song H, Hu J, et al. Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for a Rare Pathological Fracture of the Proximal Humerus Caused by Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Case Report. Clinical Case Reports 2026. doi:10.1002/ccr3.72868

This case report describes the successful management of a pathological proximal humerus fracture caused by marginal zone lymphoma using reverse total shoulder arthroplasty followed by systemic therapy. The patient achieved excellent functional recovery with no recurrence at 15-month follow-up. The case highlights the importance of suspecting underlying pathology in low-energy fractures and demonstrates the efficacy of rTSA in this rare scenario.

8. Muhammad M, Borgida JS, Wagner RK, et al. Z-type Clavicle Fractures in Adults: A Retrospective Comparative Study of Outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2026. doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00451

Précis unavailable.

9. Zhang B, Ding J, Qu W. Regarding “Deteriorated Quality and Media Retraction of Tendon Following Acute Traumatic Rotator Cuff Tear Are Predictors of Retear After Arthroscopic Repair”. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70349

Zhang et al. critique Kim et al.'s study on predictors of rotator cuff retear, acknowledging its insights while identifying methodological concerns that require improvement for scientific rigor. The authors argue that these limitations must be addressed to provide a more reliable reference for future research on traumatic rotator cuff tears.

10. Baek CH, Kim JG, Kim BT, et al. Lower Trapezius Transfer Maintains Meaningful Outcomes at 5 Years Based on Procedure‐Specific Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State Achievement. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70369

Baek et al. evaluated patient-reported outcomes at five years following lower trapezius tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears to establish minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state thresholds. The study found that the procedure maintains meaningful clinical outcomes over the long term, providing validated benchmarks for assessing surgical success.

13. Bowler AR, Diestel DR, Stevens CS, et al. Glenoid Pathology Is Similar Between Osteoarthritis and Postcapsulorrhaphy Arthropathy: A Propensity-Matched Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2026. doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-25-01169

Omurzakov et al. investigated the impact of preoperative glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use on outcomes in obese patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using a large database analysis. The results indicate that GLP-1 RA use is associated with a decreased risk of revision surgery and retears, suggesting potential benefits for surgical success in this high-risk population.

16. Boutros M, Awad G, Hassan C, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261459310

Précis unavailable.

17. Tantone RP, Dobyns A, Regal S. The safety of percutaneous screw placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for fracture: A cadaveric study. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261457640

This cadaveric study evaluated the proximity of the axillary and radial nerves to percutaneous screw trajectories during reverse shoulder arthroplasty for fractures. It found that nerves are dangerously close to proximal and distal locking screw sites, with direct nerve penetration occurring in several specimens. Surgeons should exercise extreme caution when placing these screws to avoid iatrogenic nerve injury.

19. Soule S, Smith A, Staten T, et al. Predictors of Loss to Long-Term Follow-up After Shoulder Surgery. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2026. doi:10.2106/jbjs.25.00767

This study identified factors associated with loss to 2-year follow-up after shoulder surgery in a retrospective chart review of 1,028 patients. It found that nearly half of the patients failed to complete follow-up, with specific demographic and socioeconomic variables influencing retention rates. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to improve long-term patient engagement in clinical research.

24. Lee C, Loughran G, LeClere LE. Editorial Commentary : Shifting More Than Just the Anterior Capsulolabral Tissue—Changing the Outlook on the Surgical Outcomes of the Anterior Labroligamentous Periosteal Sleeve Avulsions Lesion. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70356

This editorial commentary challenges the notion that ALPSA lesions inherently yield inferior outcomes, attributing past failures to technical difficulties in anatomical restoration. It argues that adherence to specific surgical techniques allowing for proper tissue mobilization and repair can lead to outcomes comparable to standard Bankart tears. Proper surgical execution is paramount for achieving successful results in ALPSA lesion repairs.

27. Hassan A, Imam M, Narvani AA. Regarding “Sling Is Not Inferior to Brace Immobilization After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70326

This letter to the editor raises methodological concerns regarding a recent randomized controlled trial comparing sling versus brace immobilization after rotator cuff repair, specifically highlighting the unequal duration of immobilization between the two groups. The authors argue that this discrepancy may confound the interpretation of the study's conclusions regarding the superiority or equivalence of the two methods. They suggest that future studies should ensure equivalent immobilization periods to draw valid comparisons.

28. Schönweger F, Marbach F, Feltri P, et al. Author Reply to “Regarding ‘Sling Is Not Inferior to Brace Immobilization After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial’”. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70327

The authors reply to the letter by clarifying that the different immobilization durations were intentionally designed based on standard protocols and existing literature favoring delayed passive motion for brace immobilization. They argue that the study's design was robust and that the observed outcomes still support the conclusion that slings are not inferior to braces. The reply defends the methodological choices and reiterates the clinical relevance of the findings.

29. Kalva SR, Fucich D, Perry AJ, et al. Temporal trends and estimated lifetime attributable radiation risk of preoperative planning computed tomography for primary shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261453604

This retrospective study analyzed temporal trends and estimated lifetime attributable radiation risk (LAR) from preoperative planning CT scans for primary shoulder arthroplasty, finding a linear increase in CT utilization from 2016 to 2024. The estimated LAR for solid cancers decreased with increasing patient age, with significantly higher thyroid and lung LARs observed in women aged 60–79. These findings highlight the need to balance the benefits of preoperative CT planning against radiation risks, particularly in younger female patients.

31. Santos MLD, da Silva FM, Santos GAD, et al. Measurement properties of the Brazilian Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Questionnaire in overhead athletes with shoulder pain. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261455869

This retrospective study evaluated the mid-term functional outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted lower trapezius transfer using a doubled peroneus longus autograft for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, finding satisfactory improvements in Constant, DASH, and ASES scores. The use of peroneus longus autograft provided a viable alternative to allografts, which are often limited in availability, particularly in developing countries. The results suggest that this technique is a feasible and effective option for treating massive irreparable rotator cuff tears in young, active patients.

32. Kuberakani K, Rajagopalan S, Chellamuthu G, et al. Mid-term functional outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted lower trapezius transfer using doubled peroneus longus tendon. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101093

Précis unavailable.

35. Scanaliato JP, Williams T, Garelick S, et al. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with the Tornier Perform implant with lower trapezius transfer for symptomatic rotator cuff deficiency with external rotation lag and Hornblower's sign. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.019

This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty combined with lower trapezius transfer in patients with severe rotator cuff deficiency and external rotation lag. The procedure demonstrated significant improvements in active elevation and external rotation, addressing functional deficits that rTSA alone often fails to correct. This combined approach offers a viable surgical option for restoring function in complex cuff tear arthropathy cases.

37. Kolakowski L, Stadecker M, Kucharik M, et al. Trends in 1030 revision shoulder arthroplasty cases: changing rates, indications, and treatments. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.11.023

This retrospective review analyzed trends in 1,030 revision shoulder arthroplasty cases over two decades to understand changes in volume, indications, and treatments. The study found that the introduction of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has significantly influenced the indications and volume of revision surgeries. Understanding these trends helps surgeons anticipate common failure modes and optimize revision strategies.

38. Chen P, Prosser M, Phillips B, et al. Accuracy and reliability of remote shoulder motion capturing methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.11.007

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy and reliability of remote shoulder motion capturing methods compared to clinical reference standards. The analysis revealed that while remote tools show consistent agreement, they tend to slightly overestimate range of motion values. Clinicians should account for this measurement bias when interpreting remote assessment data for rehabilitation monitoring.

39. MOUSSA MK, Khaled I, NASSAR A, et al. Management Of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Involving Irreparable Subscapularis Tear By Arthroscopically Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Transfer: Clinical Results. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.019

This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of arthroscopically assisted latissimus dorsi transfer for massive rotator cuff tears involving irreparable subscapularis tears. The procedure resulted in significant improvements in pain, function, and patient satisfaction, with substantial gains in Constant scores. This technique serves as an effective salvage option for managing complex, irreparable cuff tears with subscapularis involvement.

40. Nazzal EM, Lin RT, McMahon S, et al. Clinical and Radiographic Survival Rates of the Arthrex Univers VaultLock Uncemented Central-Peg All-Polyethylene Glenoid Component in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty at 2- and 5-Years Postoperatively. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.021

This multi-center retrospective study assessed the clinical and radiographic survival of an uncemented central-peg all-polyethylene glenoid component in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty at 2 and 5 years. The implant demonstrated high survival rates with low loosening rates and satisfactory functional outcomes over the follow-up period. These findings support the use of this specific glenoid design as a reliable option for primary aTSA.

46. Smadi Z, Abboud JA. Letter to Editor for “Clarifying patient follow-up in a cohort study of testosterone levels and adhesive capsulitis”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.002

This letter to the editor addresses methodological concerns regarding patient follow-up in a previous cohort study linking testosterone levels to adhesive capsulitis. The authors clarify data handling and follow-up protocols to ensure the validity of the original study's conclusions regarding hormonal influences on the condition.

48. Uekama K, Iuchi T, Ide T, et al. Stepwise loss of shoulder stabilizers induces humeral head migration and progression of cuff tear arthropathy in a rat model. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.036

Using a rat model, this study demonstrated that stepwise loss of shoulder stabilizers leads to humeral head migration and progressive cuff tear arthropathy, with the superior capsule and long head of the biceps playing critical roles. These results clarify the quantitative relationship between specific structural deficiencies and joint degeneration, highlighting the superior capsule's importance in preventing CTA.

49. Tornberg HN, Czachor MK, Gutowski CT, et al. Non-Opioid Pain Management in Younger Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Glenoid Labrum Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.037

This randomized controlled trial evaluated non-opioid pain management strategies for younger patients undergoing arthroscopic glenoid labrum surgery. The study aims to determine if non-opioid regimens can effectively manage postoperative pain while minimizing opioid reliance in this demographic. These findings could support the adoption of multimodal analgesia protocols to reduce opioid exposure in young surgical populations.

50. Chen N, Lin C, Cheng Y, et al. Shoulder Muscle Adiposity Can Predict the Efficacy of Corticosteroid Injections in Treating Adhesive Capsulitis After Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.039

This retrospective cohort study investigated whether preoperative fatty infiltration of shoulder muscles, measured by the Goutallier fatty degeneration index, predicts the efficacy of corticosteroid injections for adhesive capsulitis after rotator cuff repair. Results indicated that higher fatty infiltration significantly predicted treatment ineffectiveness, with a GFDI of ≥1.875 serving as a key threshold. Clinically, preoperative MRI assessment of muscle quality may help identify patients unlikely to benefit from corticosteroid injections, allowing for earlier alternative interventions.

51. Unknown Author. Issue Information. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70426

This issue information page lists several articles and commentaries published in the June 2026 issue of Arthroscopy, covering topics such as rotator cuff tears, hip arthroscopy, and ACL reconstruction. It serves as a table of contents highlighting key research and expert commentaries in arthroscopic surgery. This provides clinicians with a curated overview of current advancements and debates in the field.

52. Gül O, Ayazoglu MA, Yazıcı A, et al. All-Suture Anchors Exhibit Less Perianchor Fluid Formation Independent of Healing Quality Compared With PEEK Anchors in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Propensity Score-Matched Comparative Study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.033

This propensity score-matched comparative study evaluated perianchor fluid formation in arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs using all-suture anchors versus PEEK anchors. The study found that all-suture anchors exhibited significantly less perianchor fluid formation compared to PEEK anchors, independent of the quality of tendon healing. This suggests that anchor material choice may influence local inflammatory responses, potentially impacting postoperative comfort or imaging interpretation.

53. Chen P, Wang J. Clarifying patient follow-up in a cohort study of testosterone levels and adhesive capsulitis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.003

This correspondence clarifies patient follow-up methodologies in a previous cohort study examining the relationship between testosterone levels and adhesive capsulitis. The authors address specific details regarding patient monitoring and data collection to ensure the validity of their findings. This clarification helps contextualize the original study's results and supports accurate interpretation of hormonal influences on shoulder pathology.

54. Manzi J, Dillon M, Dowling B, et al. Propensity Matched Professional Baseball Pitchers With Early Trunk Rotation Demonstrate Increased Shoulder and Elbow Distractive Forces with Equivalent Ball Velocity.. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.042

This propensity-matched study analyzed kinematic data from professional baseball pitchers to assess the impact of early trunk rotation on joint forces. Pitchers with early trunk rotation demonstrated increased shoulder and elbow distractive forces despite maintaining equivalent ball velocity compared to those with normal timing. These findings suggest that early trunk rotation may increase injury risk by placing excessive mechanical stress on the upper extremity joints.

55. Karasuyama M, Ishikawa H, Uchida T, et al. Towards a common definition of frozen shoulder: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.040

This scoping review analyzed randomized controlled trials to propose a common definition for frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). The review highlights inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria across current literature and aims to standardize terminology for future research. Establishing a unified definition is crucial for improving the comparability of clinical trials and enhancing the quality of evidence in adhesive capsulitis management.

56. Jose Jerome JT, Surendran G, Thirumagal K. Upper Limb Reconstruction in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.05.010

This systematic review synthesized evidence on nonsurgical and surgical strategies for upper limb reconstruction in patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. The authors evaluated outcomes across various joints to develop an evidence-informed treatment algorithm for this complex congenital condition. This comprehensive analysis provides clinicians with a structured framework for decision-making in the management of upper limb deformities associated with arthrogryposis.

57. Lopiz Y, Alcobía-Díaz B, Coderch J, et al. Long-term outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment for 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients: results from a prior randomized clinical trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.029

This long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial compared reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) with nonoperative treatment for displaced proximal humerus fractures in patients aged 80 or older. RSA demonstrated significantly superior functional outcomes, including higher Constant scores, compared to conservative management over a mean follow-up of 7.5 years. These findings support RSA as a viable option for improving function in elderly patients with complex fractures, despite the higher initial invasiveness.

58. Ranieri R, Cointat C, Lacouture-Suarez J, et al. B2 and B3 glenoid osteoarthirtis: outcomes of corrective and concentric (C2) reaming of the glenoid combined with pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.028

This study evaluated the outcomes of corrective and concentric (C2) glenoid reaming combined with pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty for B2 and B3 glenoid osteoarthritis. The procedure effectively restored glenoid version and humeral head centering, with low rates of persistent erosion and satisfactory functional outcomes at a mean follow-up of 4.5 years. This technique offers a promising alternative for young, active patients with significant glenoid bone loss, potentially delaying the need for total shoulder arthroplasty.

59. Beleckas CM, Schodlbauer DF, Mousad AD, et al. Evaluation of new normal after shoulder arthroplasty: comparison of anatomic vs. reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.026

This retrospective study compared patient-reported outcomes between anatomic (aTSA) and reverse (rTSA) total shoulder arthroplasty in patients who achieved a "new normal" (SANES ≥95). Patients who underwent aTSA reported significantly better outcomes on high-demand functional tasks and satisfaction compared to those with rTSA, supporting the hypothesis that optimal aTSA results can outperform rTSA. These results suggest that aTSA should be prioritized when anatomically feasible to maximize high-level functional recovery.

60. Barret H, Garret J, Favard L, et al. Long-term (minimum 10 years) survival and outcomes of pyrocarbon interposition shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.027

This long-term study assessed the survival and clinical outcomes of pyrocarbon interposition shoulder arthroplasty (PISA) in young, active patients with osteoarthritis over a minimum of 10 years. The implant demonstrated acceptable survivorship and improved clinical scores, although revision rates remained a concern, particularly for post-traumatic etiologies. PISA may serve as a durable joint-preserving option for young patients, but careful patient selection is required to mitigate long-term failure risks.

61. Líbano Monteiro H, Antunes M, Sarmento M, et al. Influence of age-related bone density changes on primary stability in stemless shoulder arthroplasty: a multi-implant finite element study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.031

This finite element study analyzed the influence of age-related bone density changes on the primary stability of five different anatomic stemless shoulder implants. Younger patients with higher bone density exhibited significantly greater implant stability compared to older patients with osteoporotic bone, highlighting the critical role of bone quality in fixation. Surgeons should carefully assess bone density when selecting stemless implants, as poor bone quality may compromise initial stability and long-term success.

63. Werthel J, Descamps J, Lugo E, et al. Inconsistencies in Terminology Used to Describe Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.004

This systematic review highlighted significant inconsistencies in the terminology used to describe reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) implant designs, particularly regarding medialization and center of rotation. The lack of standardized definitions limits the comparability of clinical and biomechanical studies across the literature. Establishing a unified terminology is essential to improve research quality and facilitate accurate comparisons of different rTSA configurations.

64. Jomaa M, Ingoe H, Hollman F, et al. Stemless anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients under 55 years of age with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis: an analysis of the Australian Orthopedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry at 5 years. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.030

This registry study analyzed the 5-year revision rates of various shoulder arthroplasty types in patients under 55 years old with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Stemmed anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty showed the lowest cumulative percent revision rate, while hemiarthroplasty and humeral resurfacing had higher failure rates due to glenoid erosion and instability. For young patients, stemmed aTSA appears to offer superior survivorship compared to other arthroplasty options, guiding implant selection in this challenging demographic.

65. Rhee S, Im P, Im J, et al. Effect of an Atelocollagen-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid-Based Porous Scaffold on Healing in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.007

Researchers developed an atelocollagen-loaded hyaluronic acid porous scaffold to address poor tendon-to-bone healing in chronic rotator cuff tears. The study characterized the scaffold's mechanical and biological properties in vitro and evaluated its efficacy in promoting superior tendon healing in a rabbit model. These findings suggest the scaffold could reduce re-tear rates by improving retention and biological integration at the repair site.

66. Gangavaram A, Mahatme RJ, Moore SA, et al. Adjunctive Hybrid Telerehabilitation Is Associated With Comparable Clinical Outcomes to In-Person Physical Therapy After Shoulder Arthroplasty and Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Cohort Study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.008

This cohort study compared hybrid telerehabilitation adjuncts to standard in-person physical therapy in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repair. Results showed comparable improvements in functional scores, pain, and range of motion, while reducing physical therapy utilization. The findings support hybrid telerehabilitation as a viable alternative that maintains clinical outcomes while potentially lowering resource use.

67. Lopiz Y, Ponz-Lueza V, Arvinius C, et al. Preclinical Safety and Efficacy of an Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Medicinal Product for Rotator Cuff Repair: A Two-Phase Experimental Study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.005

The study evaluated the preclinical safety and efficacy of an allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell medicinal product for rotator cuff repair. Phase I confirmed safety with no significant toxicity or tumorigenicity in mice, while Phase II demonstrated improved histological healing in a rat chronic tear model. These results support the potential clinical translation of this cell therapy to enhance tendon healing.

68. Few E, Mullen M, Livingston M, et al. Arthroscopic Shoulder Anchorless Biceps Tenodesis: A Novel Intracapsular Technique. Journal of ISAKOS 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101168

This article introduces a novel arthroscopic anchorless intracapsular biceps tenodesis technique. The authors describe the procedural steps and rationale for this new method aimed at simplifying biceps pathology management. Clinical outcomes and technical details are presented to evaluate its feasibility and potential advantages over traditional anchor-based methods.

69. Torrens C, González-García C, Díez-Izquierdo M, et al. 3-Week immobilization vs. no immobilization in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.009

This randomized controlled trial compares 3-week immobilization versus no immobilization following primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The study aims to determine if early mobilization without immobilization yields comparable or superior functional outcomes and safety profiles. Results will inform postoperative rehabilitation protocols by assessing the impact of immobilization duration on recovery.

71. O’Malley O, Davies A, Rangan A, et al. “Am I too old for a shoulder replacement?” The association between age and comorbidities on the outcomes following Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.013

This registry-based study assessed outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients aged 80 and older, focusing on revision rates and complications. Revision rates were low, and increasing age was associated with a reduced likelihood of revision, while male sex correlated with higher revision risk. The findings suggest that advanced age alone should not preclude rTSA, as outcomes remain favorable in this demographic.

72. Fucich D, Kalva S, Joshi T, et al. Impact of Severity of Allergy to Beta-lactam Antibiotics on the Perioperative Use of Cephalosporins and Revision Rates following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.015

This retrospective review evaluated the impact of beta-lactam allergy severity on antibiotic choice and revision rates following total shoulder arthroplasty. The study found that reported allergies often led to the use of less effective alternative antibiotics, potentially increasing infection and complication risks. These results underscore the importance of accurate allergy assessment to ensure optimal prophylactic antibiotic selection.

74. Akimoto K, Ikeda Y, Nakajima F, et al. Incidence of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.012

This prospective study investigated the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and perioperative D-dimer changes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The authors identified the incidence of DVT and determined independent risk factors through multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results provide data on the true incidence of asymptomatic DVT and help identify patients at higher risk for this complication.

75. Gauci M, Millet N, Jacquot A, et al. Is There a Long-Term Benefit to use Patient-Specific Guides for Glenoid Implant Positioning in aTSA? A comparative study at minimum 10 years.. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.018

This retrospective comparative study evaluated long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with and without patient-specific guides for glenoid implant positioning. The authors found no significant difference in revision rates, clinical outcomes, or patient satisfaction between the two groups at minimum 10-year follow-up. The study suggests that while patient-specific guides improve positioning accuracy, they do not confer long-term clinical benefits over conventional techniques.

76. Wright MA, Geissbuhler AR, Aleem A, et al. Factors Associated With Poor Outcomes For Female Patients Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.06.014

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